Financial statement ratio analysis财务报表比率分析.doc

Financial statement 财务报表ratio analysis 比率分析Measuring companys profitability衡量企业获利能力的常见指标2Measuring companys solvency衡量企业偿债能力的常见指标3Measuring companys liquidity衡量企业流动性的常见指标44Measuring companys profitability衡量企业获利能力的常见指标1. gross margin 毛利率Show the percentage of each sales dollar earned as gross profit.2. operating profit 经营活动利润率(税前净利率) Show the percentage of each sales dollar earned as net profit before pay income tax.3. rate of return on net sales (net profit margin) 销售净利率 Show the percentage of each sales dollar earned as net profit after pay income tax.4. rate of return on total assets (ROA) 总资产报酬率Measures how profitably a company uses its assets5. rate of return on common stockholders equity (ROE) 所有者权益报酬率（净资产报酬率）Gauges how much income is earned with the money invested by the common shareholders.6. earning per share (EPS) 每股收益Give the amount of net income earned for each share of the companys common stock outstanding.Measuring companys solvency衡量企业偿债能力的常见指标1. measuring ability to pay current liabilities 衡量流动负债偿还能力(1) current ratio 流动比率Measures ability to pay current liabilities with current assets.(2) quick ratio (acid test ratio) 速动比率（酸性测试比率）Shows ability to pay all current liabilities if they come due immediately 2. measuring ability to pay non-current liabilities衡量非流动负债偿还能力(1) debt ratio 负债率Indicated percentage of assets financed with debt(2) times interest earned ratio 利息保障倍数Measures the number of times operating income can cover interest expense.Measuring companys liquidity衡量企业流动性的常见指标1. inventory turnover 存货周转率 Indicated the selling ability of inventory2. accounts receivable turnover 应收账款周转率 Accounts receivable turnover measures the ability to collect cash from credit customers.3. accounts payable turnover 应付账款周转率 Accounts payable turnover measures the number of times per year that the company pays off its accounts payable. 4. assets turnover 总