四级阅读上下文词义.doc

在阅读中, 我们往往会遇到一些不认识的单词或短语, 或者认识的单词在文章中有了新的意义、如果这些词或短语不影响对文章主要内容的理解, 我们便可以将它们略过, 继续阅读。如果了解这些词语的意思对正确理解文意很重要, 这时, 我们就必须根据上下文的联系, 对它们的意义进行猜测, 使之不影响对整篇文章的阅读理解。需要注意的是, 一个单词通常有好几个意思, 我们要解决的是这些词在文中所表达的意思。因此, 不可脱离上下文, 只根据自己以前了解的词义来确定其意义。通常, 猜测词义可采用以下几种方法： 、一、利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述, 猜测词义。 1.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood. 2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. 3.Im sorry Ive been monopolizing you. Your other dinner companion should have the chance to talk to you, too. 4.If I were a boy again, I would practise perseverance oftener, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient. 5.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous. 6.14,000 sanitation workers who carry off, yearly, three million tons of refuse and keep 7,500 miles of streets clean and free of snow. 7.Human beings are a unique species. They have larger brains than any other beings. They have the gift of speech and can communicate their thoughts, ideas, and feelings. 8.Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground and bring out these secrets. They discover objects thousands of years old that inform us about how people lived long ago. 9.One of the newest American expressions is Where is the beef? It questions if something is as good or as honest as it claims to be. 10.The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years. 11.The teacher did not hear the knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in his reading. 12.I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily. 二. 利用文中的举例猜测词义。 常见的举例的提示词有：for example, such as , for instance 等。 1.Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles. 2.Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 3.There were disastrous fires in some cities, such as the great fire of London in 1666. 4. The government promises to give millions of deprived black the essentials in life - housing, education, health facilities, and job opportunities. .54 三. 利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语, 猜测词义。 1.The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged. 2.Tom was a roamer, a wanderer who could never stay in one place. 3.Nearby is the race course, where the towns most famous car race is held each year on May 30th. 4.The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity. 5.They will be on the night shift - from midnight to 6 a.m. - next week. 6.To train the students to deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words through contextual clues, namely, through the words before or after the words they may no