语法unit3答案.doc

Name Class Number 必修三 Unit3 名词性从句- 宾语从句和表语从句 导学案学习目标【Learning goals】1 学习宾语从句和表语从句的基本知识。2 掌握及运用引导宾语从句和表语从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词的基本用法。第一部分 宾语从句一、宾语从句的定义。宾语(object) :句中受动词或者介词支配的部分叫做宾语。请找出下列句子的宾语。1. He is fond of rock music. 此句的宾语是 rock music, 是名 词作为宾语。 2. None of us likes him. 此句的宾语是_,是 _词作为宾语。3If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 此句的宾语是_,是_ 词作为宾语。4We should help the poor. 此句的宾语是_,是_词作为宾语。5Does she really want to leave home?此句的宾语是_,是_作为宾语。6. We do not allow smoking in the kitchen. 此句的宾语是_,是_词作为宾语。7Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？此句的宾语是_,是_作为宾语.8. He told me that he would go to the college the next year. 他告诉我他明年上大学. 此句的直接宾语是_,是_作为宾语。归纳：1. 能作为宾语的有：1）.名词 2）.类似名词的代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、句子。2. 宾语从句：在复合句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。二、 宾语从句的引导词。1.）连接词主要有that, if, whether。其中that无词义，不充当句子成分。 if/whether 有_的意义，也不充当句子成分。2.）连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，有词义，在从句中充当句子的成分。3.）连接副词when, where, why, how 等，有词义，在从句中充当句子的成分。 1. 连接词that引导的宾语从句。We all expect （that ）they will win, for members of their team are stronger.此句的引导词是_，宾语是_翻译：我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.此句的引导词是_，此句的宾语是_翻译：他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的.归纳：连接词that引导表示_（陈述句/疑问句）的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在书面语中。注意：但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that不能省略。如： My uncle said that he would come and that he would also bring his son.此句中哪一个that可以省？哪一个不可以？_翻译：_2. 连接词if和whether 引导的宾语从句。1）whether.or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。Whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。 （1）I dont know if there will be a bus any more.此句的引导词是_，此句的宾语是_翻译：我不知道是否还会有公交车。（2）Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.此句的引导词是_，此句的宾语是_翻译：没有人知道他是否会通过考试。2）注意：以下三种情况只能用whether:（1）在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.（2）在介词后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.（3）与or not 连用：I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.3）请判断以下句子用if 还是whether, 还是两者都能用。（1）I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.（2）I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.（3）Everything depends on whether we have enough money。（4）The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.（5）Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.3. 连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。各有自己的意义，在从句中充当句子的成分。例如：1）Do you know who has won Red Alert game？ 此句的宾语是_，引导词是_，在从句中作主语。翻译：你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？2）The book will show you what the best CEO should know. 此句的宾语是_引导词是_，在从句中作_。翻译：这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。3）The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.此句的宾语是_引导词是_，在从句中作_。翻译：_4. 连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等. 在从句中充当句子的成分，各有自己的意义。例如： 1） He didnt tell me when we should meet again.此句的宾语是_引导词是_，在从句中作_。翻译：他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.2） Could you please tell me how you use the new panel？此句的宾语是_引导词是_，在从句中作_。翻译：你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？3） None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.此句的宾语是_引导词是_，在从句中作_。翻译：没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 三语序：宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例：1）I believe that they will come soon.2）He asked me whether I was a teacher.四时态1.宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：1）主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况可用任何一种时态；2）主句是一般过去时，从句用相应的过去的某种时态。例:(1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.(2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.(3)She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.(4)She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.2. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，不管主句用什么时态，宾语从句都要用一般现在时态。例：(1)The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(2)He told me that Japan is an island country.注意：Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?五人称1.由直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意人称的变化。例：(1)She said: “I have been to England before.”She said that she had been to England before.(2)She asked me: “Do you like maths?”She asked me if I liked maths.2.宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。例：(1)I dont know what I should do next.=I dont know what to do next.(2)He didnt know where he would live.=He didnt know where to live. 六 如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置.例如：You may think it strange that he would live there宾语从句练习题I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。（ ）1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If（ ）2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come（ ）3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where（ ）4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended（ ）5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after（ ）6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live（ ）7. Do you know what time _?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves（ ）8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are（ ）9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings（ ）10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（合并为复合句）Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为间接引语） He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为简单句） _ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改写成同义句) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.宾语从句答案 I. 15DDDCD 610ADDBD II. 1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didnt; until 6. whether; came第二部分 表语从句在复合句中担任表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句放在连系动词之后，使用陈述语序。一、表语从句的引导词：1）连接词：that, whether, because, as if, as though, as2) 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever3）连接副词：where，when, how, why1、that引导陈述句，只起连接作用，其本身无意义，在口语或非正式英语中可以省。例：（1）The fact is that Bill has known it.此句的表语是_引导词是_翻译：事实是比尔已经知道了这件事。（2）The trouble is (that) I have lost his address.此句的表语是_引导词是_翻译： 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。（3）My suggestion is that he (should) turn the land into rice field.此句的表语是_引导词是_翻译：我的建议是他应该把这块土地改造成稻田。2、whether引导一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句，意思是“是否”。例如：（1）The question is whether we will go for an outing tomorrow.此句的表语是_引导词是_翻译：问题是明天我们是否去郊游。（2）My question is whether he left（or not）。此句的表语是_引导词是_翻译： 我的问题是他是否离开了。（3）The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.此句的表语是_引导词是_翻译：问题是我们是否能在这么短的时间内做好准备。3、as, as if/though。（1）She looks as if she were the mother of the orphons. 此句的表语是_翻译：她就好像是那些孤儿的妈妈一样。（2）Things are not as they seemed to be.此句的表语是_翻译：情况并不是看上去的那个样子。（3）He looked just as if he had looked ten years before. 此句的表语是_翻译：他看起来还与十年前一样。4、because, 意思是“因为”（1）Its just because he doesnt know her. 此句的表语是_翻译：这仅仅是因为他不认识她。（2）Thats because he was ill.此句的表语是_翻译：那是因为他当时生病了。（3）It was because he didnt pass the exam.此句的表语是_翻译：那是因为他没有通过考试。5、who, whom, which, whose, where, when, why, how等引导的表语从句。（1）The problem is who we can get to replace her. 此句的表语是_引导词是_在从句中作_翻译：问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。（2）What we looking into is what caused the accident . 此句的表语是_引导词是_在从句中作_翻译：我们正在调查的是造成事故的原因。（3） A question worth attention is how we can stop pollution. 此句的表语是_引导词是_在从句中作_翻译：一个值得注意的问题是我们如何控制污染。（4）That is why he didnt come here.此句的表语是_引导词是_在从句中作_翻译： 这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。二、带表语从句的系动词可接表语从句的连系动词除be外，常见的有：look，seem，sound，appear，remain,等。例：（1）The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 此句的表语是_翻译： 问题还是他们能否帮我们。（2） At that time，it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word. 此句的表语是_翻译：当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。三、要注意的几个问题1、比较：Thats because强调原因；Thats why强调结果。例如：（1）Thats because he didnt understand me. 此句的表语是_翻译：那是因为他没有理解我。（2）This is why we cant get the support of the people.此句的表语是_翻译：这就是我们为什么得不到别人支持的原因。（3）Thats why he got angry with me. 此句的表语是_翻译：那正是他对我生气的原因。2. 名词reason作主语时，表语从句用that而不用because或why引导，例如：.(1）The reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.我难过的原因就是他不理解我。(2）The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.他上学迟到的原因就是他误了早班车。 3、what和that在表语从句中的区别 what除了充当引导词外还在从句中充当成分，其意义相当于一个名词加that引导的定语从句（something that）；that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。例如： （1）That was what we wanted to know. 那是他想要知道的 （2）It seems to me that we should answer for this. 在我看来，我们似乎应该对此事负责。（3）It seems to be what we should answer for.好像这就是我们要负责的事。4、只能使用whether引导表语从句,意为“是否”，不能用if引导。5、使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea，request, requirement, demand, recommendation, wish,等。例如：My suggestion is that she （should） start early tomorrow. 我的建议是她明天一早就出发。 表语从句练习题一 选择题：（ ）1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether（ ）2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of（ ）3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there（ ）4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get（ ）5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填（ ）6. The reason is_I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what（ ）7. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what（ ）8. She looked _ she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C. as D. as though（ ）9.I feel sick! -I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because（ ）10. The reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill（ ）11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how（ ）12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. why二that/what的区别（ ）1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That；how you areC. How；that you areD. What；how you are（ ）2. The trouble is _we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that（ ）3. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where（ ）4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to beingD. what it was used to be（ ）5. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That what C. What whatD. That what（ ）6. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such答案 DBACCACDDCCBthat/what的区别 DBAAAC三【高考链接】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（ ）1. It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. (重庆2011)A. whose B. what C. which D. that（ ）2. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express. (安徽2011)A. that B. how C. who D. what（ ）3.The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011)A. what B. how C. that D. why（ ）4. Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. (山东2011)A. that B. when C. where D. why（ ）5. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know _ shell accept it. (山东2011)A. where B. what C. whether D. which（ ）6. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand. (上海2011)A. why B. that C. which D. what（ ）7. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010课标全国卷) A. that B. which C. what D. where（ ）8. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. (山东2010)A. why B. what C. how D. which（ ）9. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (湖南2010)A. where B. whether C. that D. why（ ）10. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川2010)A. what B. whoC. how D. why（ ）11. Part of the reason