中考英语阅读理解专题复习.doc

中考英语阅读理解专题复习宜宾县横江中学 沈才忠一阅读理解题在中考英语中的重要性是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试中的重要题型，分值高，题量大。二阅读理解的命题特点中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。中考阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1. 阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；2. 阅读理解的题材广泛, 题型多样。阅读理解的题材广泛，内容包罗万象,如有关动植物、人物传记、历史、文化、环境、资源、交通、医学、经济、信息等方面。总体上说，其题材主要集中在科普知识，社会文化和经济生活三方面。 3. 体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文为主、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、图表等各种文体。三. 中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是：1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。 此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的。2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。 此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，段与段之间的逻辑关系。5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。 此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。6. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。从问题设置上总结，中考英语阅读理解主要有以下四大题型：A.事实细节题B.词义猜测题C.推理判断题D.主旨大意题 四做中考英语阅读理解题的方法与技巧：（一）、事实细节题 一般针对某个特定细节而提出，难度较小，属浅层理解，通读短文后一般能直接找出问题答案。事实细节类问题的主要提问方式有：1)Which of the following is NOT True/True according to the information in the passage?2)Which of the following is/not mentioned in the passage?3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?4) The author mentions all of the following except . . .5) The reason for . . .is . . .6) Choose the right order of this passage.7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) .解题技巧：在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：(1) 凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2) 干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。1.通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意以下几个方面：A) 五个W：When（时间）、Where（地点）、who(人物)、 what（事件）, why(起因)和其他特殊之处；B) 数字、日期等；C) 同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等；D) 表示附加说明的词，如：by the way, besides, whats more, in addition to, including to, as well as等。E) 倒装句及加强语气的词，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed等。 2.选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。考生审题时，应注意以下几点：(1)、问到who, what, which, when，where，how，why等的问题时，往往有according to the author(passage)这样的限制语。回答时，一定要以文章所谈到的内容为依据，而不要凭自己的观点或经验去选择不符合文章内容的答案。(2)、如果问的内容是由数字表示的事实或细节，时间、价格、次数等要经过计算才能回答，不要轻易从文中直接给出数字，以免理解错误。(3)、如果问题中含有否定意义的词语，如有not，except (for)，least, never等，要特别留心，不要理解错了，而选择相反的答案。(4)、要准确把握指代关系，阅读时我们常常遇到一些代词，如it, its, they, them, their, this, that, these, those, one, ones等，用来代替上文提到的人、事或物。对其指代关系的理解往往是至关重要的。Example：（2008宜宾中考阅读理解C ）1) Hi, boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow. First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but you should eat something different. If you eat different foods, you will probably get more nutrients (营养) your body needs. Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When youre really thirsty, cold water is the best. Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full? When you are eating, feel how your body feels. When your stomach ( 胃) feels full, eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and will make you fat. Fourth, limit (限制) screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as playing basketball, swimming and so on. You cant watch TV for more than two hours a day. Fifth, be active. One thing you should do is to know which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day. Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.57. If you have a favorite food, you_ A. should also eat something elseB. only eat something that you like bestC. should listen to your bodyD. should know which activity you like best59. Youd better spend _watching TV every day. A. more than 2 hours B. less than 2 hoursC. over 3 hours D. about 3 hours(二)、词义猜测题要求正确理解短文中一些关健词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。解题方法：1. 透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。 2. 要熟悉常见的设问形式： 1) The underlined word in the paragraph refers to /means _.2) What does “_” in paragraph stand for /mean?3) “_” could best be replaced by which of the following?4) The expression /phrase “_” means _.5) The word “_” is closest in meaning to _.3、猜测词义的技巧：1) 上下文间意义的联系；2）同义关系，反义关系；3）词的定义；4）对词的解释和举例； 5) 构词法知识猜测词义。 Examples: 2) Sometimes we feel good, such as when we get good grades or when something good happens. Sometimes we feel bad, such as when we argue with our classmates or when the teachers criticize us. Both kinds of feelings are common. Of course, we all enjoy good feelings, but when we feel unhappy, sometimes we dont know what to do about it. Here is a plan that will help you when your feelings are bothering you. I. ACCEPT your feelings. Say to yourself, “I am sad.” “I am seared.” “I am angry.” “I am embarrassed.” Its all right to have these feelings. 2. RELAX and have a rest before you act. Take slow deep breaths (呼吸) and relax your body. Imagine that you are in a safe place. You can listen to some music or sing a beautiful song! 3. THINK about ways to help yourself. Thinking helps you do something smart instead of hurting yourself or making things worse. 4. DO something to help yourself. Maybe you can talk to someone, or do something you enjoy. If it doesnt work, go hack to Step3. (2009宜宾中考阅读理解C )58. The underlined part (划线部分) “If it doesnt work,” in the passage probably means _ A. If it is broken B. If it cant interest you C. If it is wrong D. If it cant help you 3) Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success dont bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness.Some people believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness（2010宜宾中考阅读理解D）61. The underlined word “wealthy” means “_” in the article. A. pleased B. healthy C. excited D. rich(三)、推理判断题 主要对短文的结论、隐含意义（寓意）、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查，纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述事实，进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的动机和性格特征、作者的倾向态度、语言中的语态和语气等。有时还可能会假设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提及情况进行推理和想象，对题目中提出各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图的最佳答案。1、解题方法与技巧：（1）、读懂原文，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有事实推段、指代推断、逻辑推断以及对作者的意图和态度的推断。（2）、既要求透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。2、熟悉常用的设问方式：1) We can infer /conclude from the passage that _.2) It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that _.3) The writer strongly suggests that_.4) What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story?5) From the story we can guess_.6）The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is _.7）The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _.8）Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?Example: （2011宜宾中考阅读理解A）4）Joe Read studied in this school for fourteen years. When he finished school, he was already eighteen years old. And then his father said to him, “You finished school, and you are a good student. Now you may go to town and get a good job. They need some clever people to work in the office. The people there can get a lot of money now. If you stay at home, you cant get money from our family.” A few weeks later, Joe went to the office and asked for a job there. A man took him into a small room and gave him some questions on a piece of paper. Joe answered the questions quickly, and he gave the paper to the man. The man looked at the paper for a few minutes and then asked, “You were born on Sep. 23. But which year were you born in?” Joe answered, “Oh, every year.”50.From Joes answered, “Oh, every year.”, we can infer(推测) that_.A. he didnt want to work in the officeB. he was hardworking but dishonestC. he was outgoing and cleverD. in fact, he didnt really answer the mans question(四).主旨大意题 此类题主要针对的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或题段）、作者的写作目的(purpose)等方面，要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点、概括中心思想，也分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。1、常见的提问方式有：1) What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?2) What does this passage mainly talk about ?3) The main theme(主题) of this passage is _.4) The main point of the passage is_.5) Which of the following is the best title for the passage ? 6) The best title for the passage is_.1、解题方法与技巧：领会全文大意，灵活运用概念、判断、归纳、推理 等逻辑方法，真正理解文章的话题和中心思想。一般而言，英语文章的话题往往用很少几个词加以概括，通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上；不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特点是新闻报道，第一段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想，但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中；主题段通常在文章简要概括文章中心思想，而主题句常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末。（1）、关于主题型找中心（Main Idea）Example :3) Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success dont bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness . (2010宜宾中考阅读理解D )65. The passage mainly tells us _.A. how to find happiness B. how to save happinessC. to do something good for others D. to value our beliefs or health（2）、关于标题型 为文章选择标题（Title）Example : (2011宜宾中考阅读理解C )5）Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true.Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If its hard for you to communicate with your parents, dont worry about it. Here are some advice for you to bridge the generation gap (代沟).Dont argue (争辩) with your parents. Dont get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably wont consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you cant express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you dont think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.Try to reach a compromise (和解). Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michaels mother didnt agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days.Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect (尊敬) to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those