高一英语连词.doc

连词 （一）连词的定义 用来连接词、短语、从句与句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不重读，不能独立担任句子成分。根据在句中所起的作用，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两类： （二）并列连词 连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫并列连词。根据其意义，并列连词又可分为表示联合、转折、选择和因果四种关系的连词。 1表示联合关系的并列连词 表示联合关系的并列连词有：and（和），both. and.（既又 ) , neither. nor.（既不也不），not only. but also.（不但而且. ) , as well as（除外也）。 They can both read English and speak it well.他们能读英语而且说得很好。 Neither you nor he is wrong你和他都没有错。He not only had read the book but also remembered what he had read.他不仅记得读了那本书，而且还记得读过的内容。 1 am a teacher and he is a doctor我是老师，他是医生。He has experience as well as knowledge.（He has not only knowledge but also experience.）他既有知识，又有经验。 Neither I nor he has seen the film. 我没看过这部电影，他也没看过 2表示转折关系的并列连词 表示转折关系的并列连词有：but（可是，但是），while(而，然而），still（但是，然而），yet（可是），however（然而，但是），whereas（而），nevertheless（然而，不过）。 I am willing, yet unable我心有余而力不足。 He is short，while his brother is tall.他个子矮，而他兄弟个子高 He worked hard, however, he failed他很努力，然而还是失败了。( however可置句首、句中或句末） The pain was bad，still he did not complain.他痛得厉害，可是他并没有呻吟 3表示选择关系的并列连词 表示选择关系的并列连词有：or（或），or else（否则），otherwise（要不然），either. . . or.（或，或，不是就是. ) , rather than（而不，也不） I must work hard，or Ill fail in the exam.我得认真学习，否则不能通过考试。 Either you or I am to blame不是你就是我会受到批评 You can either do it by yourself,or you can ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做，也可以请人做。Seize the chance, otherwise( or else) youll regret it抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。( otherwise, or else常接在祈使句后面） You can either stay at home or go fishing.你可以呆在家里，或是去钓鱼： He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest.他走了，不愿留下来做个不受欢迎的客人。 4表示因果关系的并列连词 表示因果关系的并列连词有：so(所以）,for（因为） It is moming,for the birds are singing是早晨了，因为鸟叫了。It was late, so I went home天色已晚，因此我就回家了。注意then（那么，因而）,thus（因而），hence（因此），therefore（因此，所以）等副词常可放句首表示因果关系He was busy,therefore he could not come他忙，因此不能来。 He studied hard，thus he got a full mark.他很用功，因而得了满分、 His car broke down，thus he was late for work.他的车坏了，因此他上班迟到。 It is winter now，hence the days will be shorter.现在是冬天，因此白天会短些。 （三）从属连词用来连接主句和从句的连词叫从属连词从属连词可分为两类：引导名词性从句的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词1引导名词性从句的从属连词 引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词that, whether和if，这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分；连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, what等，它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；连接副词主要有when, where, how, why等，它们在句中可作状语（详情见名词性从句）。 We know( that）the earth goes round the sun.我们知道地球围绕太阳运转（宾语从句） What we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。（主语从句） Thats what I want那就是我想要的。（表语从句） The news that our team had won was very exciting.我们队赢了，这消息十分令人振奋。（同位语从句） 2引导状语从句的从属连词 (1）引导时间状语从句的从属连词： when(当时），while（在期间），as（当时，一边一边），after（在之后），before（在之前），since（自从以来），till/until（直到，直到才），once（一旦. ) , as soon as（一.就. ) , the moment/instant（一就），no sooner. than（刚就），hardly. when（刚就）等 Once you begin，you must go on.一旦你开了头，你就必须继续下去 When it rains，I go to school by bus.下雨时，我坐公共汽车上学。 (2)引导原因状语从句的从属连词： as（由于）,because（因为），since（既然）等。 He didnt go to school because he was ill他因为生病没去上学。 Since everybody is here，lets begin. 既然大家都在这里、我们就开始吧 (3）引导地点状语从句的从属连词： where（在地方），wherever（无论在哪里）等。 Wherever she may be，she will be happy.她无论在什么地方都快乐 Where there is a will, there is a way有志者，事竟成。 (4）引导条件状语从句的从属连词： if（如果），unless（除非），so/as long as（只要）等 He will not come unless he is invited.除非被邀请，否则他是不会来的。 Youll be late for the class if you dont hurrv.如果你不快点，你就会上课迟到。 (5）引导目的状语从句的从属连词： that（以便），so that（为了），in order that（为了）,lest（以防，免得）,in case（以防，免得）等、 She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon为了快点康复，她按时吃药。 I came here that I might take a good look at the new bridge. 我来这儿，为的是好好看看这座新桥 (6)引导结果状语从句的从属连词： so（结果），so that（结果）,so. that/such. that（如此以致），that（以致）等 It was very cold，so that the water in the bowl froze.天气很冷，碗里的水都结冰了 He is such a good student that we all like him.他是个好学生，我们都喜欢他： (7)引导让步状语从句的从属连词： though/although（虽然），as（虽然）,even if/even though（即使）,however（无论怎样），whatever（无论什么），whoever（无论谁），no matter how/what/which/.（无论多么什么哪一个）等。 Even if you were here yesterday，you couldnt help him, 即使昨天你在这，你也帮不了他 Though he is old，he still works hard.虽然他老了，可是他还努力工作。 (8）引导方式状语从句的从属连词： as（正如），as if/as though（好像，似乎）等 He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.他讲起英语来就像是英国人似的 Use a book as a bee does a flower.像蜜蜂利用花一样去利用书籍吧： (9）引导比较状语伏句的从属连词： as（如. ) , as. as. . .（像一样），not so. as（与不一样）,than（比）等 He works harder than before他比以前更努力工作。 His elder sister is as tall as his mother.他姐姐和他母亲一样高（四）部分连词的用法比较 1when和while 两个词都可以表示“当时”，引导时间状语从句when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的；while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的。 My brother came in when/while I had dinner.我弟弟进来时我在吃饭 The train had just started when we arrived at the station.我们刚到火车站火车就走了 He was doing his homework when I came in.（当）我进来时，他正在做家庭作业 I came in when/while he was doing his homework.当他在做家庭作业时，我走了进来 While/When I was in the town，I saw him twice.（当）我在城里时，见过他两次Strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁。 when还可译作这时while还可译作“而” He was playing football outside when it began to rain. 他在外面踢足球，这时开始下起雨来。 He is tall while his elder brother is short.他个子高，而他哥哥个子矮2. because，since.和as because引导的从句通常表示说话人认为听话人不知道的原因或理由，从句往往是整个主从复合句的重心。 He was annoyed because he missed the bus. 他感到为难是因为他没有赶上那班车 since和as表示原因时，往往表示人们显然已知的理由或原因；因此，侧重点是主句的内容，原因只作附带说明。在语气上，becausc最强，since次之（在意义上相当于汉语中的“既然”),as最弱 Since his method doesnt work，lets try yours. 既然他的方法不起作用，我们就试一试你的。 As she was in a bad mood，we left her alone. 由于她心情不好，我们不去打扰她了。 He is absent frorn school because he is ill. 因为他生病，所以他没来上课 Because/As it was wet，we went there by bus. 因为下雨，所以我们乘车去那儿。 Since everybody is here，lets begin. 既然大家都到了，我们就开始吧。3.if和unless 引导条件状语从句的连词，主要是if和unless,由if条件状语从句可以是真实的条件句，也可以非真实条件句真实条件句所表示的条件指的是事实，即可以是实现的事，非真实条件句指的是与事实相反或不大可能实现的事 If it rains, the match will be cancelled（取消） 如果天下雨，比赛将被取消 If I were you, l should consult（请看病）a doctor. 我要是你，我就去看医生 If I had tried hard last term，I would have succeeded. 如果上学期我努力的话，我现在就已经成功了unless在意义上相当于if. not You will fail unless you work harder. 除非你努力，否则你不会成功。Do not come unless I call you. 我没叫你，你就不用来。4. though和as 两个词都可表示“虽然”、引导让步状语从句though引导的从句用正常语序；as引导的从句要用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。 Cold as it was，he went on working.Though it was cold，he went on working. 尽管天气冷，可他仍继续工作 Child as he is，he knows a lot.Though he is a child，he knows a lot. 虽然他还是个孩子，可是他很懂事Fast as you read，you cant finish the book in three days.Though you read fast，you cant finish the book in three days. 尽管你读得快，你也不能在三天内读完这本书、： Try as he might，he couldnt get rid of the difficulty. Though he might try，he couldnt get rid of the difficulty. 不管怎样努力，他还是摆脱不了困难。5 .if和whether (1)表示“是否”时，两个词都能引导宾语从句 I wonder if/whether you can examine him now. 不知你现在是否可以给他检查一下。注意如果主句的谓语是短语动词用whether,而不用if. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 某些动词（如discuss）后的宾语从句，用whether而不用if来引导。 They discussed whether they should help her. 他们商议他们该不该帮助她。 宾语从句移置句首时，用whether，而不用if Whether it is true or not, I cant say这是不是真的，我不敢说。 宾语从句为否定形式时，通常用if, 而不用whether。 I asked her if he wouldnt come我问她他是不是会来。(2) if可译作“如果”，引导条件状语从句 If I were you, I would not go如果我是你，我就不去。(3) whether可译作“不管，无论”，引导让一步状语从句 Whether he agrees or not，I shall do that. 不管他同意与否我都要做这事。（4) whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，接不定式或接or not等（if则不能） Whether he will come or not is unknown. 还不知道他来不来。（主语从句） The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这件事是否值得去做 I have no idea whether he is there. 我不知道他是否在那里（同位语从句） I dont know whether he will do it or not. 我不知道他是否会做这事。（接or not) She hasnt decided whether to go or not，她还没有决定去还是不去。（接不定式）练习 连词1 .He is very old,_ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as2. _ you are dismissed.A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and3. They had camped once before, _ they knew what to take.A. because B. now C. so D. since4. Why these things happened was _ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing toC. due to D. that5. Although, its raining, _are still working in the fields.A. they B. but they C. and theyD. so they6._we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.7. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand .you correctly.A. since B. for C. becauseD. so that8.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unless B. as C. if D. until9. Francis did the task_ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as10.The size of the audience,_ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A. as B. what C. that D. whom11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,_ he still watches the program.A. yet B. besides C. also D. then12. It looks _ its going to rain.A. that B. as C. as if D. like that13._ to New York, her father has not heard from her.A. Because she went B. After she wentC. When she went D. Since she went14._he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.A. Until B. Since C. While D. During15. We arrived at the station _ the train had left.A. after B. before C. since D. when16._ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If17. Give me one more minute _ Ill have finished.A. so B. until C. and D. when18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,_ he could not find any work.A. and B. yet C. or D. and but19. Hurry up, _ youll be late.A. or B. and C. so D. yet20. Do not make the same mistake _ I did.A. so B. as C. like D. that21. My sister is expecting me,_ I must be off now. A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise22. We should pay attention _ to industry _ to agriculture.A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and23. He ran off_ I could stop him.A. before B. after C. since D. when24._ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since25. Where have you been _ you left home?A. before B. as C. since D. when 26._ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.A. UntilB. SinceC. AfterD. Unless27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year_ we did last year.A. as B. than C. like D. white28.It is late; _, Im too tired to go out.A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that29. Everything around us is _ solid .liquid _ gas.A. not . .but. B. either. .or.C. neither. .nor. D. whether. .or.30. He will come _ you ask him.A. whether B. unless C. if D. while31._ he will come or not is still unknown.A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether32.I don t know _ to stay at home or go out. A. whether B. if C. how D. where33. He spoke loudly _ the audience could hear him clearly.A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to34. The book is not easy._ its rather difficult.A. On the one hand B. On the contrary C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary35. You must work hard,_ you will not learn English well.A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless36. It rained heavily,_ the basketball match had to be put off.A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore37. We must do _ the people want us to do.A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever38. You are certainly right,_ others may say.A. what B. whatever C. that D. as39._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever40.Ill discuss it with you _ you like to come. A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever41._ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When42._you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then43._ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No matter where44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,_ we are closely united.A. so far as B. so long as C. as soon as D. as well as45._ I know he will stay here for half a year.A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as46. Please write me _ you arrive in New York.A. as well as B. so long as C. as far as D. as soon as47. That is not _ I want.A. that B. why C. what D. whose48. _ he did it remains a secret.A. What B. Whom C. Which D. How49. It is quite clear _ he wont see us.A. what B. that C. why D. how50. Would you tell me _ way I should take? A. what B. that C. which D. whose51. I am sure _ you said is true.A. what B. that C. which D. who52. The trouble is _ we can not find such an expert.A. why B. that C. where D. /53. It has not been decided _ they will leave.A. why B. when C. which D. what54. We shall go _ you are ready. A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since55. He will tell you about it _ you get there.A. while B. as C. when D. /56. Dont try to get off the bus _ it has stopped.A. while B. as C. since D. before57. Ill come and see you _ I go to the countryside.A. wh