第一部分 必修3 Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars.doc

Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars(对应学生用书第75页)单词拼写应用.考纲单词会拼写、要识记1systemn系统；体系；制度2theory n. 学说；理论3atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛4thus adv. 因此，于是5climate n. 气候6crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落7pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力8float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物9astronomy n. 天文学10globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球11fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的12chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链13multiply vt.& vi. 乘；增加14oxygen n. 氧15gravity n. 万有引力；重力16satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星17physicist n. 物理学家18spaceship n. 宇宙飞船.派生单词能辨别1violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv. 猛烈地2like prep.像unlike prep.与不同；不像dislike vt.& n不喜欢3harm n害处vt.对有害harmful adj.有害的4exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在5puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题puzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的6gentle adj.温和的；文雅的gently adv.温柔地；温和地.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)2In face of violence，people can act violently if they feel threatened.(violence)3Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health，but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)拓展联想un否定前缀unhappy不快乐的unhealthy不健康的unable不能够的 unfortunate不幸的以ful结尾的形容词useful有用的careful小心的helpful有帮助的 painful痛苦的powerful强大的短语多维应用.短语回顾会默写1in_time及时；终于2be_harmful_to/do_harm_to 对有害3in_ones_turn 轮到某人；接着4prevent.from 阻止；制止5cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋6now_that 既然7break_out 突发；爆发8watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防9give_birth_to 产生；分娩10block_out 挡住(光线).语境应用(选用所给词的适当形式填空)1Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in_its_turn2To ensure good sleep，she bought a heavy curtain to block_out the light.3Last night，Mrs.Green had a heart attack.But luckily，the doctor came in_time to save her life.4Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street.5Cheer_up！You must believe in yourself and you will succeed.拓展联想“动词.from”表“阻止，禁止”短语discourage sb.from doing sth.stop sb.from doing sth.ban sb.from doing sth.keep sb.from doing sth.句式结构仿写教材原句会背诵句式仿写能应用1.whether.or not 是否The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not1.他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。Its not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or_not.2.make it adj.to do sth.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.2.这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。The girl knows three foreign languages，which makes_it_easier_for_her_to_find a good job.3.倍数as形容词/副词原级asBut when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.3.杰茜卡付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_as_time_and_energy_as she did before，so I believe she will succeed this time.4.形容词作伴随状语We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.4.他在风雪中待了七天，又冷又饿。He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold_and_hungry.(对应学生用书第76页)精讲 3个考纲单词 harmful adj.有害的高考佳句Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.(2015年江苏高考)生产过程中产生的许多废料也是有害的。(1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害(2) 对某人有害(3) 做某事没有坏处Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。If you want to solve the problem in this way，there is no harm in calling him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。 链接写作 【导学号：65670065】众所周知，过量喝酒对你的健康有害。What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_your_health(harmful)It is known to us that drinking too much does_harm_to_your_health(harm) exist vi.存在；生存写作佳句As is known to us，there exists a generation gap between the young and the old.众所周知，青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。(1)exist/live on sth.靠某物生存exist in 存在于There exist(s). 有/存在(2)in existence 现存的；现有的come into existence 产生；存在You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money hes earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么地困难。Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种理论。名师点津exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。 puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n. (游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜教材原句 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzle sb.使某人迷惑/为难be puzzled by 被迷惑puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨(2)be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的When the little girl was asked such a puzzling(puzzle) question，she stood there with a surprised look on her face.当这个小女孩被问及如此一个令人迷惑的问题时，她面带惊讶得站在那里。This morning，when I was walking on the street，I saw that two travellers were reading a map，looking puzzled(puzzle)今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两名游客正在困惑地看着地图。名师点津puzzled意为“迷惑的，不解的”，往往用于指人或人的表情、脸色、声音等；puzzling意为“令人迷惑的，让人不解的”，往往指物。 链接写作警察们仍然在苦苦思索这起事故是怎么发生的。(puzzle)The police are still puzzling_about/over how the accident could have happened.The police are still in_a_puzzle about how the accident could have happened.pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力pull down拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out 驶出；拉出；拔出pull through 康复；痊愈pull up (使)停住They are pulling down those houses to make room for a new hotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。We waved as the train pulled_out of the station.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。诠释3个核心短语 in time及时；终于；迟早高考佳句As the old saying goes“Where there is a will，there is a way.”Our efforts will pay off in time.(山东高考)常言道，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。in no time立刻；马上at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时；偶尔at no time决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装结构)We arrived home at 12：00，just in time for lunch.我们12点到家，及时赶上了午饭。At_no_time should you lose heart in face of so many challenges.面对挑战你决不能失去信心。At_the_same_time，we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.同时，我们将为你们的班级带去大约500本图书。 in ones turn轮到某人；接着经典例句When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。(1)in turn依次；轮流；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地(2)take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。I think its my turn to_drive (drive) the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。 cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋经典例句I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely!我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！(1)cheer sb.up使某人振作起来cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for 为而欢呼(2)Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯！When Im feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。Lets go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.我们去看足球比赛吧，为我们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。突破2个高考句型 (教材P26)This produced a chain reaction，which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。句型make itadj./n.for sb.to do，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。(1)makeit形容词/名词that从句makeit形容词/名词to do不定式makeitno good/no use/no value.doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。 【导学号：65670066】I consider it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.我认为就这件事情和他争吵是没有用的。 链接写作精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。Mastering the technology makes it_is_possible_for_us_to_use the Internet more effectively.(宾语从句)Mastering the technology makes_it_possible_for_us_to_use_the_Internet more effectively.(不定式作宾语) (教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as.是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。英语中常见的倍数表达法：Abe倍数as原级as BAbe倍数比较级than BAbe倍数the名词(size/weight/length.)of BA倍数what 从句，表示“A是的多少倍”The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.The red ruler is three times longer(long) than the yellow one.The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.这把红尺子是这把黄尺子的三倍长。The population now in this village is five times what it was ten years ago.现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。名师点津在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。多角快练练单词 练短语 练句型(对应学生用书第78页).单句语法填空1It doesnt matter much whether Tom will come to the party or not tonight.2Newton was one of the greatest physicists(physics) in the world and many people admire him very much.3Unlike(like) most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually come to work by bus.4The argument remains extremely heated on whether there are necessary conditions of existence(exist)such as water on Mars.5The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.6The new stadium being built for the next football game will be three times bigger than the present one.7Last year，one of the plants exploded violently(violent)，and the local people got into a great panic.8He has made it clear to us that he has nothing to do with the accident.9During those four years，he worked day and night，thus improving(improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.10The children are schooled in an old room that once stored harmful(harm)chemicals.单句改错1There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.manymuch2Youll succeed on time because you are always working hard.onin3The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work.thatwhere4The twin brothers stood under the tree，puzzling and saying nothing.puzzlingpuzzled5We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened.happenedhappening(对应学生用书第79页).课文语法填空根据P2526课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The earth was just a cloud of dust 1._future is uncertain after the “Big Bang”. Then the dust began to settle into a solid ball which was so 2._(violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time 3._(produce) many things，which made the earths atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4._(harm) gases. Then life began to develop.Many millions of years later，small plants appeared.They multiplied and 5._(fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen. Land 6._(animal) followed after the first green plants appeared. Then small clever animals spread all 7._ the earth.Humans developed new means of growing, hunting and moving around.As time went by they covered the earth. Now too much carbon dioxide has been put into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from 8._(escape) from the earth into space. As 9._ result, the problem of global warming occurs.10._ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.【答案】1.whose2.violent3.to produce4harmful5.filled6.animals7.over8escaping9.a 10.Whether.写作改错双练根据提示利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。1据报道今年我们发生火灾的次数是去年的3倍。(three times as many fires as.)2上个星期六，光明路上的一家百货商场发生大火。(break out)3路上有那么多车辆和人以至于消防人员不能通过，消防车很难靠近现场