【暑期人教版新高二】第九讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式学案.docx

个性化学案【暑期人教版新高二】第九讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式适用学科高中英语适用年级高一适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点非谓语动词动词不定式学习目标知识目标：学会动词不定式在英语中的作用和区别动词分词能力目标：能够运用所学的知识解决实际考试问题情感目标：书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！学习重点动词不定式的构成和使用方法学习难点省掉to的不定式和不定式的区别和练习学习过程 一、复习预习 1.一Guess what! I saw Sally in London 一Really? I _ she was in New York Athink Bwas thinking Cthought Dam thinking 2.Sorry, Mr Green. I have_my homework at home.Never mind. But dont forger next time.A.put B.kept C.left D. remained 3. Do you know Tom? Sure, we have _in the same village for many years.A. left B. lived C. come D. Gone 4.Have you ever been to Shanghai?Yes. I _ there with my father last year.A. went B. have been C. have gone 5. Lucy _ a student last year, but now she _ a teacher.A. is; is B. was； is C. was； will be D. is； was 6. Our math teacher _ in our school for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 years old.A. has taught, has comeB. taught, comesC. taught, cameD. has taught, came 二、知识讲解【考点分析】1.不定式的时态和语态；2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能；3.不定式的省略；4.不定式的否定形式；5.不定式的搭配形式；6.独立主格结构；7.v-ing分词名词性功能；8.v-ing分词形容词性功能；9.v-ing分词副词性功能；10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别；11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别；12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别；【知识点归纳】I.概述 1.基本形式的变化：不定式：时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)基本知识1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分作主语。To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后： help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem) He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。I didnt expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。作定语（常置于名词之后）。 由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)She is always the first student to arrive at school.He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。I dont think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。I have no desire to travel.Youll find something to interest you here.注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。I havent decided which hotel to stay at.I found no one to play with.作状语I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒） (表目的)They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)He tried only to fail.（结果没有成功） She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。Im sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.作独立副词成分。To speak frankly, I dont like your attitude.与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。考点/易错点1 不带to 的动词不定式在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let,make,have, hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.I heard her say that she was fed up.在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。Id better go now, or Ill miss the train.They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。There is no choice but to go there.There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带toWhy argue with him?Why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去？ 考点/易错点2 不定式的复合结构由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：brave,careless,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude, stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong, wise等。Its kind of you to say so.Its brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿 考点/易错点3 在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,consider, understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。He didnt know what to do next.I havent decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。 三、例题精析 【例题1】 【题干】 Id like you _ for a picnic with us.A. go B. to go C. going D. went 【答案】B【解析】非谓语动词的用法。Would like sb to do sth意为“想要某人去做某事”，是固定搭配。【例题2】 【题干】We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _.A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which oneC. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one 【答案】C【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。根据句意：我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一个。第一个句子的live in的in不能省略。“选择哪一个”用“which one to choose”。故选C。【例题3】 【题干】The teacher told the students _ any food into the computer room.A. not to bring B. not bring C. dont bring D. bring not 【答案】A 【解析】非谓语动词。tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，因此答案为A。 四、课堂运用【基础】1.Please remember _ the lights when you leave the room. OK, I will.A. turn offB. to turn offC. turning off2. The teacher told the students_ any food into the computer room.A. not to bring B. not bring C. dont bring D. bring not3. Id like you _ for a picnic with us.A. go B. to go C. going D. went4.As teenagers，were old enough _ with houseworkWe can help set the table，wash the dishes and clean our own roomsAto help Bhelping Chelped5.We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _.A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which oneC. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one6. The teacher told the students _ any food into the computer room.A. not to bring B. not bring C. dont bring D. bring not 【巩固】 1. James, Im too tired. Lets stop _ a rest. A. having B. have C. to having D. to have2. Dont forget _ your history and politics books tomorrow morning. Thanks. I wont.A. bringB. to bring C. bringing3.We cant work out the physics problem. Can you tell us ?A. how to do B. what to do it C. how to do it D. what should to do4.What time do you expect her_?A. arrive B. is arriving C. arriving D. to arrive 5.This math problem is too difficult. Can you show me_, George?A. what to work out B. to work it out C. how to work it out D. how to work out it6. Teachers often tell us _ in the river after school. A. dont swim B. not swim C. not to swim 【拔高】 1. Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. A. drive B. driving C. to drive 2. Please tell the students _ too much noise in class. A. to make B. to take C. not to take D. not to make3. Parents often ask us _ water in our life.A. save B. savin C. to save D. saves 4.How kind you are! You always do what you can_ me.A. help B. helping C. to help D. Helps5.We can make a fire _ the room warm so that we can chat for a while. A. to keepB. keepingC. keepD. kept6.Dont forget _ your homework. John. Ok. Ill do it right now.A. doing B. do C. to do 课程小结 本节课学习的重点是非谓语动词中的不定式的用法，相比其他语法，这个语法对于初中生来说是比较难掌握的一个语法点，很多学生都不能很好的完成这类题目。主要是之前的句子成分学习的不熟悉，再加上对于一些动词的不定式搭配不熟悉，对个别省略to的用法不恩能够灵活运用，就导致上课起来学习很吃力。课后作业【基础】 1.Tony wants _a job as a language teacher in China. A. to find B. finding C. find2.I spend much more time playing basketball than I _ for my lessons. A. spend to prepare B. do preparing C. do to prepare D. spend prepare 3.We should be more careful much time on computer games.A. not to spend B. to not spendC. not to cost D. not take to 4.our English teacher encourages us part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to take B. take C. taking D. to taking 5.I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better. Its bad for you _ too much junk food. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate 6. I saw Li Ming near the river on my way home. A. plays B. playing C. to play D. played 【巩固】1.Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time what you like every day. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done2. What bad weather it was! We decided _.A. to go out B. not to go out C. to not go out D. not going out3. What bad weather it was! We decided _.A. to go out B. not to go out C. to not go out D. not going out4.Mr Wang does what he can _ us improve our English. A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped5.When people want to relax themselves, they prefer TV or