直接引语和间接引语.doc

语法大全：直接引语变间接引语的用法（1）引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John said, Im going to London with my father. 约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况： 1、直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He said, You are younger than I.” He said (that) I was younger than him. 2、直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。 （1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers? She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me, You have seen the film, havent you? She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. （2） 选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。 I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 He asked, Where do you live? He asked me where I lived. 3、直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（dont 变为not ）.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式四去：去掉please例：He said to her: Dont take the book away.He asked her not take the book away.The teacher said to the boy, Open the window. The teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him, “Dont leave the door open.” His father told him not to leave the door open. 注意 （1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句），可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如： He said, Lets go to the theatre. He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. (2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked. He asked me to open the window. Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. Shall we listen to the music? he asked. He suggested listening to the music. 4、直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 She said, What a lovely day it is ! She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 5、如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： （1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 注意 （1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The teacher said The earth goes round the sun. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. （2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。时态不变，如： He said to me, I was born in 1973. He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： He said, Im a boy, not a girl. He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The girl said, I get up at six every morning. The girl said that she gets up at six every morning. (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如： He said to me, I have taught English since he came here . He told me that he had taught English since he came here. (6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如： The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said , I could swim when I was only six . He said that he could swim when he was only six. 6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。 指示代词 this -that these- those 表示时间的词 now - then today- that day this week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc) yesterday -the day before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before tomorrow -the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here -there 动词 bring - take come goI. 请选出正确的答案： 1. “Youve already got well， havent you？” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well， hadnt you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.2. He asked ， “ Are you a Party member or a League member？”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.3. He asked， “How are you getting along？” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along4. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter5. He said， “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me； not to do B. said to me； dont doC. told me； dont do D. told me； not to do6. Can you make sure _？A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here todayC. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today7. Do you happen to know _？A. where is her addressB. in which place is her addressC. what her address isD. the place her address is8. Excuse me， but can you tell me _？A. where can I get to the libraryB. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library9. John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him.A. how would I likeB. if or not would I likeC. whether I would like D. which I would like10. Id like to know _ Chinese.A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learningD. for how long he began to learn 1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do11. He asked me _. A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have C. they would help me to do it D. how it happened 将下列直接引语改为间接引语1. “You should be more careful next time，” his father said to him.2. Mr. Wang said， “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month， children”3. “I havent heard from my parents these days，” said Mary.5. She said to him， “Its time that you left here.”6. Zhang Hong said to me， “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”8. The history teacher said to them， “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st ，1921.”9. He said,“Are you a student？”10. “Have you anything interesting I can read， George？” she said.11. “Shes here to ask for help， isnt she？” he asked.12. “Where are you going？” the father asked his son.13. “Are you sorry for what you have done？” the mother asked the naughty boy.14. She said， “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago， Mr. Li？”16. “Please come here again tomorrow，” her friend said to her.19. “What a lovely day it is！”20. “Happy New Year to you！” he said.答案I. 15B C C D D610A C D C A 15 DDCDC 610 BCCDDII. 1. His father told him that he should be m