中考句型转换专练2.doc

中考句型转换专练2句型转换是要求学生根据所给的句型，按要求或提示完成考题，考查的是学生对句子结构的构成、变化等方面的知识以及对此类知识的运用能力。该题型首先给出一个完整的句子，再给出一个含有几个空白处的句子，根据不同的要求填入适当的词完成句型转换。句型转换涉及到语法知识的各个方面，在做这种题时，应注意时态、语态、人称、数的变化，特殊疑问词的用法，及助动词的用法等。句型转换考题虽然包括各种句式，但通常以两种形式进行考查：同义型句型转换和条件型句型转换。从题型上看，句型转换可分为两大类：一是按要求改写句子。即按照指定要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子，如肯定句改为否定句，陈述句改为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句，对划线部分提问等。另一类是同义句、近义句的转换，即要求用不同的句型，不同的语言手段表达相同的思想。句型转换设题广，部分试题难度较大，这就要求同学们有扎实的语言基本功和熟练的解题技巧。对于按要求改写句子的试题：首先应注意“要求”的内容；二是要注意选词的准确；三是要注意各种句型的特殊点；四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。一、【按要求改写句子】按要求改写句子的具体分类如下：一、肯定句改为否定句1.改变谓语结构在助动词be, have, do等以及情态动词can, may, should等后加not。如果句子的谓语中不是以上这些词，而是行为动词，则相应地将动词的原形，第三人称单数或过去式变为否定形式。如：Hehas seenthe film before.Heseen the film before.Hewill writethe book in two months.Hewrite the book in two months.Hedoeshis homework in the evening .Hedo his homework in the evening.2.用含否定意义的词（如never, nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few等）。（1）always / evernever, andor。如：He wasalwayslate for school last term.He wasneverlate for school last term.（2）toonoteither, alreadynotyet。如：He goes to school by bike,too.He doesntgo to school by bike,either.（3）allnone, bothneither, bothandneithernor，此时，谓语动词仍用肯定形式，但当neither作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“neithernor”连接两个主语时，谓语动词应和靠近它的主语保持一致。如：He knowsall ofthe workers here.He knowsnone ofthe workers here.Both ofthe twins are fromEngland.Neither of the twins is from England.3.当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句的谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如：I thinkthey can come tonight.I dont thinkthey can come tonight.二、陈述句改为疑问句1.一般疑问句。a、助动词dodoesdid)+主语+谓语2（v原形） ?b、情态动词+主语+谓语（v原形） ?c、助动词(havehas)+主语+谓语（过去分词） ?Sam oftendoeshis homework in the evening.DoesSam do his homework in the evening?2.特殊疑问句。疑问词+助动词情态动词+主语+谓语（v原形） ?I got there the daybefore yesterday.Whendid you get there?3.反意疑问句。Mary doesnt work hard.Marydoesntwork hard,doesshe?注意：Lets和Let us祈使句的附加问句分别为shall we和will you。如：Let”sgo out for a walk,shall we?三、陈述句改为感叹句1、How+形容词副词+主语+谓语+！2、What +( aan)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语+！The film is very interesting.How interestingthe film is!It”s a beautiful flower.What a beautiful flowerit is!一般情况下，what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句可相互转换。如：How nicethe watch is!What a nice watchit is!四、对划线部分提问就划线部分提问，是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个特殊问句。其方法主要是：先依据语意选择相应的疑问词和疑问句语序，句末改用问号。这时我们要注意以下几点：（1）选择恰当的疑问词。（2）对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。（3）对其它成分提问，用“疑问词一般疑问句”语序。如：My grandpahas been inShanxi for ten years.Whohas been in Shanxi for ten years?Lilysdog has lost.Whosedog has lost?Emma boughtonedictionary yesterday.How manydictionaries did Emma buy yesterday?解析同义型、条件型句型转换二、【同义型句型转换】同义型句型转换即是用另一种方式来表述与原句相同的句意，也称作同义句转换，主要考查学生对句型及词汇的掌握情况。如：1. The maths problem istoodifficult for himtowork out.（改为复合句）The maths problem is _ difficult _ he cant work it out.2. The surfersbothwon first prize in the city surfing competition.（改为否定句）_ _ the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.3. I think the fastest way to travel isby plane.（改为特殊疑问句）_ do you think the fastest way to travel _?4.Miss Li showedusa picture of the feathered dinosaur.（改为被动语态）We_ _ a picture of the feathered dinosaurby Miss Li.答案与简析：1. tooto（太而不能）sothatnot（如此以致不），所以，应该填so, that。2.从转换后的句式中没有明确的否定词not可知不能用助动词加not的形式来完成。再根据both的反义词是neither，主语又是the surfers，因此应填Neither of。3.本题实际上是对“by plane”提问，改换后的句子只是缺少了“is by plane”，因此，该将“by plane”改为“what”，后一个空用“is”。4.由showed确定要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were shown / showed。句型转换【真题引导1】I prefer walking there to going by bus.I prefer to walk there _ by bus.【答案与解析】该题考查prefer.to.与prefer.rather than.这两个句型的转换。前者后接动词时用V.+ing形式，而后者则接不定式，并且rather than后的不定式符号要省略。答案：rather than go。【真题引导2】It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.Mary _ two weeks _ for the exam.【答案与解析】该题考查的是表示“花费时间做某事”的两个句型的转换，take常用的句型是：it takes +时间+ to do.；而spend却是：sb +spend +时间+（in）doing.。答案：spent，in preparing。【真题引导3】I always get up before six oclock in my school days.I _ get up _ six oclock in my school days.【答案与解析】根据原句的意思，只有在第二句的两个空白处分别填入never与after，这样才能表达出与第一句相同的含义。这里要注意always的否定副词是never。答案：never，after。【真题引导4】The children are too tired to walk farther.They are_ tired _they _ walk farther.【答案与解析】含有too.to的简单句常和so.that引导的复合句互相转换。但是too.to的本身是否定意义，so.that从句要改为否定。答案：so, that, cant。【真题引导5】The girl left her home a few days ago, she has not come back yet.The girl has_ from her home for a few days.【答案与解析】第一句意思为“女孩几天前离开家，她现在还未回来”。根据句意可知应用现在完成时。for a few days表示一段时间，在完成时中只能与延续性动词搭配，而leave是非延续性动词。答案：been away。【同义型句型转换巩固训练】1.They say thatMr. Liu can speak German.（改为同义句）_that Mr. Liu can speak German.2. Can youshow me the way tothe post office?（改为同义句）Can you tell meget to the post office?3.Peopleplantmany young treeson both sides of the street each year.（改为被动语态）Many young treesare _ on _ sides of the street each year.4.Myparentslefthomethree days ago.Myparents _ from homefor three days.（改为同义句）5. They knew something about itonly afteryou told them.（改为同义句）They knew_ about it _ you told them.6. If you play basketball here, you may break the windows.（用or改为同义句）_play basketball here, _you may break the windows.7. This isthe mostenjoyable journeythatI have ever heard of.（改为同义句）I have _heard of_ an enjoyable journey before.8. Hot dogs are notso delicious assandwiches.（改为同义句）Hot dogs are_ delicious _sandwiches.9. Her fatherboughtthe carthree months ago.（改为同义句）Her father _the carfor three months.10.Its good for yourhealth to take exerciseoften.（改为同义句）_ exerciseoften can make you _.11. All the bookscostme 365 yuan.（改为同义句）I _ 365 yuan _ all the books.12.The doctorput downthe telephone, left his home at once andhurried toJims home.After the doctor _ the phone call, he left his home at once and went to Jims homeas _ as _.13.At the end ofthe meeting his bagwas lost.（改为同义句）He_ his bag when the meeting _.14. IlikeBackstreet Boys.Buthe likes F4 better.（改为同义句）He_ F4 _ Backstreet Boys.15. Tomspenttwo hours inmendingthe bike.It_ two hours_ the bike.16. He hardlydoes wrong inhis homework.（用makesmistakes改为同义句）Hehardly _ any _ in his homework.17.I will tell you my telephone numberafter you tell me yours.（改为同义句）Please tell me your telephone number, _ I _ tell you, _.18. The Indian old ladyno longerlived there.（改为同义句）The Indian old lady_ live there _.19.Janegot to schoolearlier than any otherstudents.（改为同义句）Jane got to school _ all the students.20. My sisterprefersreadingtogoing shopping.（改为同义句）My sister likes_thangoing shopping.21、Could you tell me how I can get to the restroom ?(改为简单句)Could you tell meto the restroom ?22、Theycant come back tomorrow , Ithink . (改为宾语从句)I_23、My little sister so young that she cant go to school .（改为同义句）My little sister is_young_go to school .24、She likes reading,Ilikereading , too .（改为同义句）She likes reading, _ _I.25、Ipaidtenyuanfor thepen .（改为同义句）a、I_tenyuan_thepen .b、Thepen _ _ tenyuan.）26、Why not go to the park tomorrow ?（改为同义句）_ _go to the park tomorrow ?27、Ihaventdecidedwhereto go yet .（改为同义句）Ihavent_ _whereto go yet .28、Hersister will fly to Englandas soon aspossible .（改为同义句）Hersister will fly to England as soon as _29、heywont go shopping thisafternoon . Hewontgo shopping .（改为同义句）heywont go shopping thisafternoon ,_30、hehas studied Englishforfouryears.（改为同义句）hehas studied English _ _31、How can we get to the airport ? Can you tell me？（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Can you tell meget to the airport？32、You should shake hands when you meet someone for the first time .You _ _ _ shake hands when you meet someone for the first time .33、I didnt find anything in the bag .（改为同义句）I_found_in the bag .34、Ittookusten minutes to finish the work .（改为同义句）We _ten minutes_the work .35、The baby weighs12pounds .36、Hebegan to teachEnglishin1998 .（改为同义句）He _ _English1998 .37、Ourmonitorhas beenaleague (团) member for two years .（用动词join改为同义句）_theleague two years ago。38、“I have been to Hainan once .” Lucysaid .(改为间接引语)39、He had to feed the animals .(改为否定句)He _feed the animals .40、heyused to play soccerafter school .(改为否定句)hey_play soccerafter school .41、Helikesreading .Sh elikesreading , too .(用not only but also 改写句子)Not only he _ _he_reading .42、This building isnot as beautiful asthat one .（用less than改为同义句）This building is_that one .Keys:1. Its said 2. how, to 3. planted, both 4. have been away 5. nothing, before 6. Dont ,or 7. never, such 8. less, than 9. has had 10. Taking, healthy 11.spent,on12 . received ,soon aspossible13. couldnt find, was over 14. prefers,to15. took Tom, to mend 16. makes, mistakes 17.or, will not, either18.didnt，any more.19.earliest of 20. reading better二、【条件型句型转换】条件型句型转换即是要求根据句子后给出的具体要求变换句型。具体考查内容为：1.单数句、复数句之间的转换；2.肯定句、否定句、疑问句之间的转换；3.简单句、并列句、复合句之间的转换；4.陈述句、感叹句、祈使句之间的转换；5.主动语态、被动语态之间的转换。【真题引导1】改为单数句Thereare someold sheep on the farm.There is _ old _ on the farm.【答案与解析】sheep的单、复数形式一样，old是元音开头的词，故冠词不能用a。单数句与复数句转换时，名词、代词要一一对应互换。注意名词变复数的规律，同时注意主谓的一致性。答案：an, sheep。【真题引导2】改为一般疑问句Hesetthe alarm clock for seven._ he _ the alarm clock for seven?【答案与解析】一般疑问句及否定句的构成：（1）当谓语动词是be动词、助动词或情态动词时，将其直接移到句首便可构成一般疑问句，或在其后直接加not构成否定句；（2）当谓语动词是行为动词时，则加助动词do来完成一般疑问句，第三人称单数用does,一般过去时用did，加助动词后应注意其后谓语动词要用原形，这一点要切记。答案：Did, set。【真题引导3】改为否定句Both ofthe players are very popular inEngland._of the players _very popular inEngland.【答案与解析】Both“两者都”为全肯定。其反义词neither“两者都不”为全否定。either“两者之一”是部分否定。另外either和neither作主语，谓语动词应用单数。答案：Neither, is。【真题引导4】改为反意疑问句Sue speaks little French.Suespeakslittle French, _?【答案与解析】反意疑问句应遵循的原则是：前半部分肯定，后半部分否定；前半部分否定，则后半部分肯定。前半部分中有no, little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定词时，后半部分则用肯定。答案：does she。【真题引导5】对画线部分提问The banknear the shopis very big._【答案与解析】就画线部分提问实际上是将句子改为特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句中的疑问词是根据画线部分来确定的。特殊疑问句的构成：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。该题中near the shop在句中作the bank的定语，故疑问词应用which。答案：Which bank is very big?【真题引导6】改为感叹句Its rainingvery heavily._it is raining!【答案与解析】本句感叹的是副词heavily，所以要用how，原句中的very应去掉，还应注意句子开头的首字母要大写。答案：How heavily。【真题引导7】改为被动语态They have paintedtheir new house.Their new house _ by them.【答案与解析】原句是现在完成时态，被动结构要用have been done。在主动变被动时，特别要注意被动语态句中主语的人称、数的变化，这句被动句的主语是第三人称单数，要用has。答案：has been painted。【巩固练习】.单、复数相互转换1. The woman is a nurse.（改为复数句）They are all_.2. There are some old cars behind the house.（改为单数句）There_ old _ behind the house.3. He has a new book.（改为复数句）_new _.4. Are these your English-Chinese dictionaries?（改为单数句）_ your English-Chinese _?5.Is there a sheep in your uncles farm?（改为复数句）_ there _ in your uncles farm?.肯定句与疑问句相互转换1. Mr.Hu taught her math last year.（改为一般疑问句）_ Mr. Hu _hermath last year?2.The foreign visitor comes from Russia.（用Australia完成选择疑问句）_ the foreign visitor come fromRussia_?3. Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句)_ Tom _ lunch at school every day?4. That dictionary cost him twenty yuan. (改为一般疑问句)_ that dictionary _ him twenty yuan?5. Dont you think her radio is too loud? (作肯定回答)_, I _.完成反意疑问句1. Youvenever been out ofChinabefore, _?2. Youcamehere together, _?3. Thereremore than ten pandas on the hill,_?4. Petercould hardlysee the words on the blackboard, _?5.Dontlook out of the window, _?6. Idont thinkyou can answer this question,_?7.Letsask our teacher for help, _?8. Everythinggoeswell, _?9. Sheisntthe best one in the class, _?10. Youlikelistening to soft music, _?.肯定句与否定句相互转换1. Hehas alreadyfinished his homework.（改为否定句）He _ finished his homework _.2.Both ofhis parents were pleased with the result.（改为完全否定句）_ pleased with the result.3.Dontlet him go boating today!(改为肯定句)_ go boating today.4.Youd bettertake it to your office.(改为否定句)Youd better_ it to your office.5.The childrenwerentplaying on the playground.(改为肯定句)The children_ on the playground.6. All ofus want him to rest.（改为完全否定句）_ of us _ him to rest.7. Marydoesher homework on Sundays. (改为否定句)Mary_ her homework on Sundays.8. Meimeihas tolook after her little brother at weekends. (改为否定句)Meimei_ to look after her little brother at weekends.9. Ithinkyou are right.（改为否定句）I _ think you _ right.10. Sheisntgoing to wash anything on Sunday.（改为肯定句）She _ going to wash _ on Sunday.简单句、并列句、复合句相互转换1.The water wasso dirty thatwe couldnt drink it.（改为简单句）The water was _ dirty for us _ drink.2.Doesthe shop close at six every day?Do you know?（两句合并为一句）Do you know _ the shop _ at six every day?3.The questionisnt easy enough forthem to answer.（改为复合句）The question is _ that they _ .4. I really dont knowwhich book I shouldchoose.（改为简单句：疑问词+to+ v）I really dont know_.5.I dont know whenwe shall meetagain. (改为简单句)I dont know when _ again.6.The manis very strongand he can carry the heavy bag. (改为简单句：strong enough )The man is _ to carry the heavy bag.7.Does the girl need any help? he asked me.（改为复合句：宾语从句）He asked me _ the girl _ some help.8.I dont know whatto donext.（改为复合句:宾语从句）I dont know what _ next.9.George hastwocabbages. Mary hasonly one.（用比较级改写句子）George has _ cabbages _ Mary.10.We wont have any lessons tomorrowbecause well havethe sports meeting.（改为简单句:because of +短语）We wont have any lessons tomorrowthe sports meeting.11、Beforegoing to bed, helikes to listento softmusic .(改为before引导的时间状语从句)12、Hegot uplate .He missedthe bus . (改为因果关系的状语从句：so、because)a、He got uplate , _hemissedthe bus.b、Hemissedthe bus, _he got uplate .13、You study hard . You succeed in learningEnglish .(改为if引导的条件状语从句)14、Hegot up at 10:00 .His parents had gone to work.(用by thetime合并为复合句)15、Shefinishedherhomeworklastnight . She founditwasalready23 :30 .(改为when引导的时间状语从句)16、“Ibelievewewillachieveourdreamin the future ,”saidAnn .（改为宾语从句）17、Hesaid,“ I can playsoccerwithmyclassmatesafterschool .”（改为宾语从句）18、Heisonly5yearsold.He canspeak3foreign languages. (用but、although合并为复合句)a、Heisonly5yearsold.，he canspeak3foreign languages.b、He canspeak3foreign languages，_heisonly5yearsold .19、“Can you come to my party ?”askedJack .(改为宾语从句)20、“When did you go for the vacationlast month ?”asked Tom ._-.陈述句与感叹句相互转换A.改为感叹句1. The film isvery interesting._ the film is!2. English isvery useful._ usefulsubjectEnglish is!3. These flowers are so beautiful._ these flowers are!4. The children are singing and dancinghappily._ the children are singing and dancing!5. They are runningfast._they are running!6. Her sister is avery lovelygirl.(1) _ lovely girl her sister is!(2) _ her sister is !B.改为陈述句7.How beautifulthese flowers are!_ so beautiful flowers.8. What a nice box it is!The box _.9.How brightyour dictionary is!Your dictionary is_.10. How hard the workers are working!The workers are _.陈述句与祈使句相互转换1 .If you dont work hard, you wont pass the exam next time.（改为祈使句）_, _ you will fail the exam next time.2.Dontmake any noise.(改为陈述句)_ make any noise.3.Will youplease read after me? (改为祈使句)_.4.Dontlook out of the window.(改为反意疑问句)Dont look out of the window , _?5. Tom is sitting on the desk.(改为否定祈使句)_ on the desk, _.6. Dont let him go boating today? (改为肯定句)_ go boating Today!7.Doit like this, please.(改为否定句)_ it like this, please.8. Hurry up, and youll catch the early bus.（改为陈述句）_, youll catch the early bus.9. Let us go and see what has happened.（完成反意疑问句）Let us go and see what has happened,_?10.If you let him try and then he will know all about it.（改为祈使句）_ ,_ hell know all about it.主动语态与被动语态相互转换A.改为被动语态1. Wecall maths the language of science.Maths _the language of science.2. Where did they plant trees?Where _ trees _?3.The workers builtthe Green Great Wallacross the northern part of the country.The Green Great Wall _ across the northern part of the country.4. The teache