Book Module 3.docx

句子解析1Joseph Haydn (17321809) was an Austrian composer and is known as “the father of the symphony”. 约瑟夫海顿(17321809)，奥地利作曲家，以“交响曲之父”著称。be known as 作为而闻名e.g.Jackie Chan is known as a kungfu film star.成龙作为功夫片电影明星而闻名于世。be known for 因而出名（表示原因）e.g.That small town is known for its honey peaches all over the country.那个小镇以水蜜桃而闻名全国。2but he changed the symphony into a long piece for a large orchestra. 但是他把交响乐改编为可供大型管弦乐队使用的长篇曲目。changeinto 变成，把变成changefor 用换类似的短语还有：turninto 进入；使变成；使成为put /translateinto 把译成e.g.Heat changes water into steam. 加热使水变成蒸汽。Id like to change these dollars into pounds. 我想把美元换成英镑。Can you change this 10 pound note for ten single ones? 请你把这张十英镑的钞票换成10张一英镑的好吗? Please turn the article into English. 请把这篇文章译成英语。He is changing the English book into French. 他正在将那本英文书译成法文。3Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful.在那里工作了30年后，海顿移居伦敦。在伦敦，他非常成功。（1）move to a place 搬家至某地（2）having worked为现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表示动作发生在主动词之前，相当于时间状语从句After he had worked there e.g.Having lived for 20 years in the countryside, the family moved to Jinan. 在乡下住了20年以后，全家搬到了济南。v.- ing称为现在分词的一般式，也可作状语，现在分词的一般式表示的时间概念与主动词同时发生或几乎同时发生。如：e.g.Walking through the streets, he caught sight of a tailors shop.相当于When/ While he was walking through the streets (动作与主动词同时发生)Hearing the news, he jumped up with joy.相当于As soon as he heard the news(动作与主动词几乎同时发生)（3）where引导定语从句修饰London。4His father Leopold was a musician and orchestra conductor. 他的父亲Leopold是音乐家兼管弦乐队的指挥。注意orchestra conductor前没有冠词，因为这是他的父亲的兼职或是说多个称呼，实际上是同一个人。e.g.the worker and poet这位工人兼诗人The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。注意：并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。比较：The singer and dancer is going to give us a lecture this afternoon.歌手兼舞者今天下午要给我们讲课。The singer and the dancer are both very beautiful.歌手和舞者都很漂亮。5By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras.在莫扎特14岁的时候就已写了许多大键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴演奏曲，同时也写了很多适合乐队演奏的曲子。（1）by表示时间“到为止”，常用于过去完成时和将来完成时中。e.g.By the time I got there, the meeting had been on for half an hour.我到的时候会议已经开始半个小时了。By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.你到车站的时候，火车可能都已经走了。（2）as well as这里作“和、并且”讲，这里连接两个并列成分，即介词短语for the harpsichord, piano and violin和for orchestras.。as well as还可用来连接其它并列成分。e.g.Mary as well as her parents was present at the party. 玛丽和她父母都出席了晚会。注意：as well as连接主语时，谓语的数须与as well as前的主语的数对应。as well as连接并列成分时，as well as后面的部分，可以连同as well as放在句首、句尾。例如：e.g.As well as her parents, Mary was present at the party.玛丽还有她的父母出席了宴会。=Mary was present at the party, as well as her parents.Tom bought some books as well as a dictionary.汤姆买了一本字典和一些书。=As well as a dictionary, Tom bought some books.as well as连接谓语动词时，as well as后的动词须用动名词形式。e.g.Kate plays the piano as well as swimming.凯特不仅会弹钢琴而且会游泳。6Haydn met Mozart in 1781 and was very impressed with him.海顿在1781年与莫扎特相遇，莫扎特给他留下了深刻的印象。be impressed with 对留下印象，也可以用be impressed by/ ate.g.I was deeply impressed by/ with/ at his speech.impress的其他用法：（1）impress sth. upon/ on sb.或者impress sb. with sth.使某人铭记某事物e.g.My father impressed on me the importance of work.或者My father impressed me with the importance of work.我父亲使我铭记工作的重要性。（2）impress sth upon/ on sth.在某物上面印上某物e.g.He impressed his name on the box. 他把名字印在盒子上。7However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. 然而，是海顿鼓励贝多芬移居维也纳的。it was who是强调句，该强调句强调了主语。正常语序为：Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. 我们常用it iswas who/that结构来突出强调句子的某一成分（一般是句子中主语、宾语或状语）。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其它成分，则一律用that来连接。e.g.It is I who am wrong. 是我错了。（强调主语I，原句为：I am wrong. 注意：被强调成分是主语，who /that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。）It is our parents who supply us with everything we need. 是我们的父母提供我们所需要的一切。（强调主语Our parents,原句为：Our parents supply us with everything we need.）It was here that I lost my watch. 我是在这儿掉的手表的。（强调地点状语here，原句为：I lost my watch here.）It was yesterday that we attended a concert. 我们是昨天参加音乐会的。（强调时间状语yesterday，原句为：We attended a concert yesterday.）区分定语从句和强调句型：某些定语从句和强调句型形式差不多，容易混淆。如果去掉it is/ wasthat句子仍然通顺成立，则为强调句型，不成立不通顺，则为定语从句。e.g.It was three years ago that he went to America for a further study.去掉It wasthat句子为Three years ago he went to America for a further study.句子通顺，意思完整，那么，这就是一个强调句型。7As he grew older, he began to go deaf.随着年龄的增长，他的耳朵变聋了。go为系动词，意为“变得”，相当于become，后面接形容词作表语，表示主语由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。类似短语：go mad发疯，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿，go wrong出毛病，go broke破产，go dead坏死e.g.The woman went mad after her son was killed. 儿子被杀后那位母亲就疯了。Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 天气太热，鱼很快会变坏的。She went pale at the news. 她听到这个消息之后，脸色苍白。The children must not go hungry. 不要让孩子挨饿。The telephone has gone dead. 电话机坏了。类似的系动词还有become, get和grow。9Ye Xiaogang, who was born in 1955, is one of a group of Chinese composers known as the New Tide.叶小纲，出生于1955年，是“新潮流”中国作曲家群体中的一员。该句中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ye Xiaogang。known as the New Tide 为过去分词短语作定语修饰Chinese composers，相当于who were known as the New Tide。10He showed musical ability at an early age and began studying piano when he was four years old. 他小小年纪便显示出音乐才能，在四岁时就开始学习钢琴。at an early age = when he was very young表示“年幼时,从很小的时候”。e.g.He began to learn English at an early age.他年幼时就开始学习英语。11After graduation, he worked there as a lecturer. 毕业后, 他在那儿当讲师。as 为介词，表示“作为”，后面通常接表示职位或用途的名词。work as 为“从事的职业”的意思。e.g.He works as a professor. 他当教授。She is famous as a singer. 她是一位著名歌手。12From that time, he has been one of the leading modern composers of Chinese classical music. 从那时起，他一直是中国传统音乐现代作曲家中的领军人物。from that time = from then on表示“从那时开始”，常跟完成时态连用。e.g.He has lived in Qingdao since then / from that time/ from then on.从那时起他一直居住在青岛。三、语法点拨（一）when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别when, while, as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。1when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。e.g.Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？Sorry, I was out when you called me. （call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot. （is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。The students took notes as they listened（listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。2when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。（1）从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。e.g.When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest.（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。When I got to the airport，the guests had left. （got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。（2）从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when, while, as都可使用。e.g.When/ While/ As we were dancing, a stranger came in.（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。When/ While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. （make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。（3）当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示“随着；一边一边”之意。e.g.As the time went on, the weather got worse.（as表示“随着”之意。）随着时间的推移，天气更糟糕了。The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。（4）在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。e.g.You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。When the manager comes here for a visit next week, Ill talk with him about this.下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。3when用于表示“一就”的句型中（指过去的事情）。sb. had hardly（scarcely）done sth. whenHardly/ Scarcely had sb. done sth. whene.g.I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。I had hardlyscarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.Hardly/Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。（二）过去完成时的用法过去完成时表