2010高中英语 Unit1 Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修2

Unit1Talesoftheunexplained Grammarandusage ThedisappearanceofJustin make Kellyveryunhappy hasmade Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast butareconnectedtothepresent Note Theusesofthepresentperfecttense I notsee JustinsincelastFridaynight havenotseen Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast andisstillhappeningnow Note 1 We study Englishforaboutfiveyears 2 They live inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn 3 I read yourarticlethreetimes It swellwritten 4 Thestudent finish herhomeworkalready 5 Eric go backtohishometowntoday 6 Thepolice justfinish searchingthearea havestudied havelived haveread hasfinished hasgone havejustfinished Weusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyet Weusealreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatements Weusefor aperiodoftimeandsince apointintime already yet for since Hehasjustgoneout Hewentoutafewminutesago Weusethepresentperfecttenseheretotellothersthatheisn therenow Ihavejustheardthenews NowIknowthenews Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago Inthiscase justisused Payattentiontothepositionofjust Note Wecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions thatis weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce twice threetimes Tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning Nowitisstillinthemorning Tomrangupthreetimesthismorning Nowitisnotstillinthemorning Actionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedbytodayorthismorning afternoon evening week month year centuryorallday night week allthetime alwaysetc Lookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused 1 WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago 2 Theymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen 3 Ericlefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback 4 Justinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays HedisappearedlastFriday 5 Theyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen 6 Mybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth Thepresentperfecttenseandthepastsimpletense 1 youmypen Yes Iitonyourdeskjustnow see 2 youdinner Yes IitwithMary have 3thepostmanyetthismorning thepostmanthismorning come Haveseen Havehad had Didcome Havecome Thepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod butwiththepastsimpletense weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast Wehaven tseenJustinforaweek Heisstillmissing Justindisappearedlastweek ItmaymeanthatthisweekJustinishere Hehassmokedsinceheleftschool Hestillsmokes Hesmokedforsixmonths Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen Sometimes however theactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit sjustbeginningtogetwarmer Onmeetingsomeone youmaysay Ihaven tseenyouforages ButIseeyounow 1Tomhashadabadcarcrash He sprobablystillinhospitalnow Tomhadabadcarcrash Buthe sprobablyoutofhospitalnow 2Thelifthasbrokendown Wehavetousethestairs Theliftbrokedown Butit sprobablyworkingagainnow Forapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent Readthediaryentryandthencompleteitusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets 2 saw 3 hasvisited 4 loves 5 hasn tvisited 6 hasswum 7 hasnevermet 8 hasdived 9 hasfound 10 hasn tfound 11 Has been TheusesofthePresentperfectcontinuoustense 1 Iforanhourandhestillhasn tturnedup wait 2 I msosorryI mlate youlong havebeenwaiting Havebeenwaiting WesometimesusethePresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway Note TheformofthePresentperfectcontinuoustense Weformthepresentperfectcontinuoustensewithhave hasbeenandthepresentparticipleoftheverb Answers 2 havebeentalking 3 havebeentaking 4 havebeenwatching 5 haveseen 6 havebeenwriting Presentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuoustense LiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge Inthefirstsentence itmeanstheactionreadisn tstillcontinuing andLiJiaknowswhatthebookisaboutnow butinthesecondsentence itmeanstheactionreadisstillcontinuing I vecleanedthehouse I vebeencleaningthehouse ReadPoint1onpage10 IEgypttwicethismonth visit IEgyptfortwomonths tour Thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous notstoppedandstartedagain Wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon stopactions havevisited havebeentouring howmanytimes howlong haveyouswuminthelake haveyoubeenswimminginthelake Howmanytimes Howlong Weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany much andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong Astateverboranactionverb Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears stateverb IhavetakenphotosofUFOswiththiscamera actionverb IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOswiththiscamera actionverb Anactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging Astatemeanssomethingstayingthesame Someexamplesofactionverbsaredo go andplay Someexamplesofstateverbsarelike knowandexist Astateverbdoesn tmeananaction soitcan tbeusedinacontinuoustense They vealwayshadabiggarden Howlonghaveyouknowneachother He sbeeninhospitalsincehisaccident I venevervisitedParis I vealreadybeentoParis always never yet alreadyandevercan tbeusedinacontinuoustense I venevervisitedParis I vealreadybeentoParis always never yet alreadyandevercan tbeusedinacontinuoustense I venevervisitedParis I vealreadybeentoParis always never yet alreadyandevercan tbeusedinacontinuoustense Answersonpage11A 1 heard 2 beendoing 3 beenresearching 4 beendoing 5 started 6 done 7 read 8 found 9 started 10 beendoing 11 beenmaking SampleanswersB1Hehasbeenwaitingatanundergroundstation 2Theyhavebeentrav