[英语学习]上外课件：unit 08_b 第六册_英语综合教程_外教社

1,Unit 8,Text ExplanationPart II,2,Paragraphs 10 & 11,We travel in summer, when life comes out of doors, and so we see only summery people, nothing of their sad falls, their long, dark winters and cruel springs. The places we visit are gold-plated by the sun. The flowers and trees are like bouquets thrown to history.And language - what a pleasure to leave our own language, with its cliches stuck in our teeth. How much better things sound in another tongue! Its like having our ears cleaned out. So long as we dont understand well, every other language is poetry.,3,summery,adj.belonging to or characteristic of or occurring in summerWith its amazing graphics and music, the game features a warm and summery atmosphere.Their music is very summery and refreshing.,4,gold-plated,adj. 镀金的The workers gold-plated those rings.工人把那些戒指镀了金。The lamp comes in gold-plated and chrome-plated versions.灯有镀金和镀铬的版本。“Allow me,” said Jim, pulling out a gold-plated lighter and lighting Janes cigarette.“我来给你点烟”，吉姆说着拿出一个镀金的打火机，为珍妮点着了烟。,5,bouquet,an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present; a pleasingly sweet olfactory property花束；酒香A bouquet of orange roses will send a meaningful message.一束橙玫瑰将传递出意味深长的信息。Their sweet bouquet disappears, like the vapor in the desert.它们芳香的花束凋零了，犹如水气消失沙漠中。,6,cliche,a trite or obvious remark陈词滥调, 陈腐的He preluded with some cliche.他一开场便是老生常谈。Cliche is a feature of bad journalism.使用套语是拙劣的新闻体的特点.I dont like Valentines Day - it has become too cliche and commercial.我不喜欢情人节-它已经变得太老土、太商业化了。,7,tongue,a human written or spoken language used by a community; opposed to e.g. a computer languageA false tongue will hardly speak truth.虚伪的语言很难说出事实。The reason a dog has so many friends is that he wags his tail instead of his tongue.一只狗有很多朋友的原因是他用摇他的尾巴来代替语言.Command of the mother tongue is the most distinguishing mark of an educated man or woman.运用本国语言的能力是受过教育的人最明显的标志。,8,paragraph 12,Because we travel for so many reasons- some of them contradictory- travel writing is like a suitcase into which the writer tries to cram everything. At its most interesting, its a continual tasting, the expression of a nostalgia for the particular. Its a childish game of playing conutries, as we used to play house.,9,contradictory,(n.)two propositions that are contradictories if both cannot be true (or both cannot be false) at the same time; (adj.) 1. of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true and both cannot be false; 2. that confounds or contradicts or confuses; 3. in disagreement; 4. unable to be both true at the same timeEconomic development and environmental protection are not necessarily contradictory.发展经济与保护环境并不是必然矛盾。contradiction(n.) contradict(v.),10,cram,crowd or pack to capacity; put something somewhere so that the space is completely filledThe experiences of English learning in language centers or cram schools are crucial for the English learners in Taiwan.对台湾英语学习者而言,在语言中心或补习班学习英语的经验者是重要的。It is never a good policy to cram for exams.考试前临时抱佛脚从来就不是什么明智之举。How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?一个蛤蜊怎么能够填满一个干净的奶酪罐子呢？,11,play house,(儿童游戏)过家家Children like to imitate the way adults speak so why not play house with your child to help him learn about social interaction?由于孩子喜欢模仿大人说话语气，您不妨藉由和孩子一起玩扮家家酒的游戏，来让他学习人际关系。Most boys dont play house;they would rather play cowboys.大部分男孩子不玩过家家，他们宁可玩牛仔游戏。,12,Paragraph 13,Travel writings describes a tragic arc: it begins with a rising of the spirit and ends in a dying fall. The earliest travelers went to see marvels, to admire the wonderful diversity of the world - but the latest travelers are like visitors sitting at the bedside of dying cultures. Early travellers fell in love at first sight with foreign places - but now we know only love at last sight, a kiss before dying, a breathing in of the last gasp. In some ancient societies, it used to be the custom for the son to inhale his fathers last breath, which contained his departing soul, and todays travelers do something like this, too.,13,arc,a continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shapeIt also includes 246 residences, that form an arc that covers the open market area.还包括的246所住宅，形成一个弧形覆盖了整个公共市场领域。His blade came down in a mighty arc 他的剑刃划出了一道强有力的弧线.,14,marvel,(n.)something that causes feelings of wonder (v.) be amazed at; express astonishment or surprise about somethingThe computer is a marvel of modern science.电子计算机是现代科学的一个奇迹。I marvel that she agreed to do something so dangerous.我大为惊异的是,她竟同意做如此危险的事.,15,gasp,(n.) a short labored intake of breath with the mouth open;(v.) breathe noisily, as when one is exhaustedShe managed to gasp (out) a few words.她喘着气好不容易才说出几个字来。Our football team are at their last gasp when the whistle went.哨声响起时我们的足球队正在做最后的挣扎/拼搏。,16,inhale,draw deep into the lungs by breathingDo you inhale when you smoke?你抽烟时是否把烟吸入肺里?Babies can inhale the powder which can lead to severe respiratory problems.婴儿可吸入粉末可能导致严重的呼吸问题。exhale: give out (breath or an odor)“It seems like you cant even exhale in this office without asking for permission.“似乎不经允许办公室里连大气都不敢出一口了。”,17,departing,move away from a place into another directionI hope we can depart before noon.我希望我们可以在中午以前离开。We cannot depart from our regular practice in such cases.在这种情况下，我们不能背离一般的作法.Depart from evil, and do good; So shall you abide for ever.你当离恶行善，就可以永远安居。,18,Paragraph 14,Travel writing has become a quintessentially modern thing, the present regretting the past. We travel like insurance appraisers, assessing the damage. Militantly opposed to any kind of ethnic distinctions at home, we adore ethnicity abroad. Ironically, Americans need Europe more than Europeans do. To Parasians, for example, Paris is a place to live: for Aericans, its a place to dream,19,quintessentially,adv. 标准地；典型地quintessence: the purest and most concentrated essence of something; the most typical example or representative of a typeHe looked at her quite tenderly, for she was the quintessence of a certain type of feminine beauty.他十分温存地看着她，认为她是某一种女性美的典范。,20,appraiser,(n.) one who estimates officially the worth or value or quality of things; one who determines authenticity (as of works of art) or who guarantees validityThe Independent Appraiser shall complete the valuation of the Company within forty-five days.独立评估师应在45日内完成评估。A certified asset appraiser shall abide by these Standards in appraising intangible assets.注册资产评估师执行无形资产评估业务，应当遵守本准则。,21,assess,place a value on; judge the worth of something; estimate the value of (property) for taxationMcClaren will talk to Terry this week to assess the extent of the injury.麦克拉伦将在本周和特里谈话以便评估他的伤病的影响。This approach can be used to assess other similar steel structure under local fire conditions 该方法可以为类似的局部火灾条件下钢结构抗火保护提供参考。,22,militantly,adv. in a militant way好战地；好斗地；强硬地militant (adj.) Many, especially in Europe, are turning from being indifferent to religion to being militantly anti-religious.尤其是在欧洲，许多人正从漠视宗教转向以好斗的姿态反对宗教。Officials say the attack was orchestrated by a militant group.官方称，这起袭击事件由一激进组织谋划。,23,ethnic,adj. denoting or deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of peopleOur school has students from different ethnic backgrounds.学校的学生有着不同的种族背景。In the history of Southeast Asia, many famous ethnic Chinese figures were Hakkas.在东南亚历史上，有不少著名的华族人物都是客家人。,24,adore,v.love intenselyYou adore scuba diving, dont you ?你喜欢戴水肺的潜水，不是吗？People adore him for his noble character.人们因他人格高贵而敬重他。I adore music.我热爱音乐。adorable(adj.) lovable especially in a childlike or naive wayIsnt this baby outfit adorable?这套婴儿装不是很可爱吗？,25,Paragraph 15,I do not expect to see many travel books in the near future, Evelyn Waugh wrote in 1946. He saw the world turning into a monoculture, the sense of place giving way to placelessness. What Waugh didnt foresee was that travel books would change as novels and poetry have, that evey slippage of culture would provoke its peculiar literature. He underestimated the variousness of our reasons for traveling.,26,monoculture,the cultivation of a single crop (on a farm or area or country)Perhaps there has never been such a thing as monoculture society.也许从来就没有什么单一文化社会。If you concentrate on grain monoculture, you are looking for trouble.如果你只从事谷类的单种栽培，那你就是自找麻烦。,27,foresee,v.1. realize beforehand; 2. picture to oneself; imagine possible; 3. act in advance of; deal with ahead of timeDo you foresee any problems with the new system?对于这种新体制，你看会有什么问题吗？You cant foresee tomorrow, but you can utilize today wisely.你不能预知明天，但是你可以利用今天。,28,slippage,a decrease or reduction;decline from a standard level of performance or achievement; failing to hold or slipping out of placeSuch slight slippage does not constitute a trend.这样轻微的下滑不会构成趋势。But there has been some slippage in play, particularly with the second unit但是球队已经有下滑了，特别是替补阵容。,29,provoke,provide the needed stimulus for; annoy continually or chronicallyShe often tried to provoke Darcy into disliking her guest.她常常挑拨达西使他厌恶她的客人。His speech provoked the crowd and caused a riot.他的演说激起了群众且引起一阵骚动。,30,underestimate,assign too low a value toNever underestimate the power of love.永远不要低估爱的力量。Do not think too highly of yourself, and yet, never underestimate your ability.做人固然不应将自我看得太重，但也不要看轻自己能力。None of us should ever underestimate the degree of difficulty women face in career advancement.我们都不能低估女人在职业晋升的过程中所面临的苦难程度。,31,Paragraph 16,There have always been travelers who went to look for the worst,to find rationalizations for their anxiety or despair, to cover their disillusionment with labels, as steamer trunks used to be covered with them. Why else would Paul Theroux go to South America, which he so obviously detested? Shiva Naipauls worst fears were confirmed in Africa, just as his brothers were in Asia. Graham Greene spent four months traveling in the Liberian jungle as a private penance.,32,rationalization,the cognitive process of making something seem consistent with or based on reasonThe government shoulders ethic obligation, she has to induct and maintain the rationalization of the living world.政府在生活世界中引导和维护生活世界的合理化,肩负着伦理责任;rational(adj.) consistent with or based on or using reasonAll of these desires are perfectly rational.所有这些渴求都是很理智的。,33,disillusionment,freeing from false belief or illusions幻灭；醒悟But it is also the result of Russian disillusionment with America.但这也是俄罗斯对美国幻想破灭的结果。The longer you stay in one place, the greater your chances of disillusionment.你在一个地方呆得越久，你越有可能幻想破灭。,34,detest,v.dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towardsShe began to detest her husband.她开始厌恨丈夫。I detest his greasy smile.我嫌恶他谄媚的微笑。The righteous detest the dishonest; the wicked detest the upright.为非作歹的，被义人憎嫌。行事正直的，被恶人憎恶。,35,penance,remorse for your past conduct苦修；忏悔There is no absolution without penance.没有忏悔就谈不上宽恕。What need is there of penance if God is worshipped with love?如果用爱来敬拜神，那么苦行又有何必要？You come around to the hotel to-morrow, she said, as sort of penance for error.“那你明天到旅馆来找我吧，”她说，作为悔过的表示。,36,Paragraph 17,Even ruins have changed. Instead of the classical ruins of antiquity, we now have places that are merely ruined. And there are travellers who take a positive delight in them, who love awfulness fo its own sake. For them, awfulness is the contemporary equivalent of the exotic. Its a negative sublime, a swoon or ecstasy of spoliation.,37,antiquity,1.the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe; 2. extreme oldness; 3. an artifact surviving from the pastHomer was a great man of antiquity.荷马是一位古代伟人。Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity.植物油从古以来就为人们所熟悉.The culture of antiquity was rediscovered.古代文化重见天日。,38,take delight in,以 为乐I take delight in working at arithmetical problems.我从做数学题中得到极大的乐趣。There are also such people in life, who take delight in making things difficult for others.生活中这样的人也不少，总喜欢跟人出点难题。,39,awfulness,n.a quality of extreme unpleasantnessThe acting was not good enough to redeem the awfulness of the play.该剧很糟糕, 演得好也于事无补.Because they havent really got to know life, because life also means a long life, with all of its awfulness.因为他们没有真正的理解生命的真谛，因为生命本身就是一个漫长的历程，也包括所有的不快。,40,contemporary,n.a person of nearly the same age as another；adj. belonging to the present time; occurring in the same period of timeContemporary life can not exist without knowledge.在现代生活中不能没有知识，A translation should read as a contemporary of the translator.译文读起来应该象译者同时代的作品。,41,sublime,sth. that is extremely good, beautiful or enjoyable.What a sublime meal that was!那是顿多么丰盛的美餐!He is a man of sublime virtue.他是具有高尚美德的人.During the next six years, da Vinci continued his labors on this sublime work of art.以后的六年中，达芬奇继续他的工作在这件卓越艺术精品上。,42,swoon,a state of rapture of joy昏晕；惊讶；着迷Near to me lay Leo, still lost in a swoon.我旁边躺着昏迷不醒的利奥。The boy had a swoon , but soon came round.男孩晕过去了，可是，一会儿就醒了过来。Pierre felt as though he had suddenly come back to life after a heavy swoon.皮埃尔仿佛突然从深沉的昏厥中复苏。,43,ecstasy,a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion入迷；狂喜；忘形His ecstasy to the pop music is unbelievable.他对流行音乐的入迷是令人难以置信的。ecstasy (slang) 摇头丸Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, is illegal nearly everywhere甲烯二氧甲苯丙胺，又称MDMA，即摇头丸，于各地几均视为违法物品。,44,Paragraph 16,As other countries offer fewer exotic phenomena, the travel writer is forced to find the exotic in himself - and the picturesque as well.The centrifugal tendency turns centripetal, and modern travel books may be about the absence of things just as teh classic books are about their presence.One of the things a severely sophisticated traveler like Glazebrook seeks is a place where he himself can stand out in absolute relief.,45,centripetal,The term centripetal force comes from the Latin words centrum (center) and petere (tend towards, aim at), signifying that the force is directed inward toward the center of curvature of the path. Isaac Newtons description was: A centripetal force is that by which bodies are drawn or impelled, or in any way tend, towards a point as to a center.,46,unappealing,not able to attract favorable attentionThough Mr.Boyle finds city life unappealing, it is now up for reconsideration.虽然波义尔认为城市生活并不吸引人，但是现在也该再考虑一下了。During the interview, be confident but not cocky. Overconfidence is just as unappealing as its opposite.在面试中，要自信而不要自大。过度自信往往会起到相反的效果。,47,drip-dry,v.dry by hanging up wet; adj. treated so as to be easily or quickly washed and dried and requiring little or no ironing; used of fabrics that do not require ironingJoseph wants to buy a drip-dry, no-iron shirt.约瑟想买一件快乾免烫衬衫。She usually washes her sweaters by hand and lets them drip-dry on the balcony.她通常用手洗毛衣，再挂在阳台上晾乾。,48,Paragraph 19,Perhaps in the future we shall have to travel like James Holman, who, after being invalided out of the British navy because he had gone blind, set out in 1819 to see the world.Holman got as far as Siberia and returned home to publish in several thick volumes all that he had experienced.,49,be invalided out,be force