2015年职称英语考试卫生A阅读判断模拟试题及答案.doc

/ qq: 129489736Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good nights rest.Its a huge quality-of-life problem,experts say,because contrary to popular belief,seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent(固有的)part of aging,said Dr.Harrison G.Bloom,an associate clinical professor of geriatrics(老年病学)and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. Its pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.Yet,in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine,researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.Older people tend to havesleep fragmentation,meaning they wake up more often during the night,said study author Dr.Julie Gammack,an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St.Louis University.They also seem to get less REMsleep,the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs,Bloom added.Its unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a persons quality of life,Bloom said.What is important,though,is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,he said.And,experts say,there is usually more than one cause.Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses,including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea(呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,said Michael V.Vitiello,a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washingtons Northwest Geriatric Education Center.Taking multiple medications,as many older people do,can also lead to fatigue and hypersomnia,or being tired all the time,Bloom added.Another big problem,he noted,is depression and anxiety.Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.Despite the prevalence(流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults,many patients arent getting the help they need.As a result,problems like insomnia(失眠),restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated,Bloom said.1.Sleep problems can seriously affect one,s quality of life.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned2.It is true that older people need less sleep than younger people.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned3.Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned4.The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned5.Sleep fragmentationrefers to a marked lack of REMsleep.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned6.The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned7.Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned答案：ABCABBCHow to Choose the Perfect StrollerFor a newborn you have to decide whether you want a pram,a car-seat frame,a travel system or a convertible stroller.As a newborn needs to lie down for the first 4-5 months of its life,a pram seems to be the perfect solution because its bassinet-like sleeping space,but after the baby can sit up youll need a new stroller. A pram can be also quite large and expensive.A low-cost alternative can be the car seat frame that allows you to snap your infant car seat right on top. This foldable and lightweight frame can be easily stored in the truck of your car. However after the baby outgrows the infant car seat youll have to buy a new stroller.The travel system could seem as the perfect solution for a stroller. It can be used from birth till the baby is 3 years old. This type of stroller allows you to keep the car seat on the stroller until your baby is old enough to sit up,and then remove it and seat your baby in the stroller itself. However it can be that this system is quite heavy and not so easy to fold and shove in the car truck.If you want to leave the car seat out of the equation you might,consider a convertible stroller as it can be your companion from the first days of your childs life till he is in the toddler stage. The seat of a convertible stroller can be folded back so your newborn can ride flat but as the baby grows you can fold it up and so he can also sit upright.If you are looking for a stroller for a baby that can sit upright,you might consider a lightweight stroller,a jogger or a standard stroller depending on your all day needs.Whichever type of stroller you choose you have to look up certain features like： stability,harness(five-point harness is best),height of the handles(adjustable handle heights might be a plus),folding type and size(in order to be able to shove it into your truck)16.A pram is the best stroller for a baby before it can sit uprightA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：A解析：该题说的是：在婴儿能够坐起之前，卧式婴儿车是最好的选择。第二段提到因为有婴儿床一样的可供睡觉的空间，因此在婴儿4-5个月大之前是最好的婴儿车。17.A pram is the cheapest of all the choices mentioned in the passageA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：B解析：该题说的是：卧式婴儿车是文章中提到的最便宜的一款。第二段结尾提到卧式婴儿车很贵，因此错误。18.The car seat frame is not so expensive,but it can only be used before the baby grows bigger than itA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：A解析：该题说的是：车座架婴儿车不太贵，但是婴儿长到大于它的尺寸时，就不能用了。第三段提到了这一说法，outgrow意为太大而不适于。19.A baby can be seated in the car seat in the travel system when it is smallA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：A解析：该题说的是：婴儿小的时候可以坐在车座架里在放在旅行套车里。第三段中间提到婴儿小的时候可以放在旅行车里的车座架里，长大之后撤掉车座架直接放在婴儿车里。20.A baby can either lie or sit up in a convertible stroller only during the first 4-5 months of its lifeA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：B解析：该题说的是：只有在出生后的4-5个月里，婴儿可以在折叠式婴儿车里躺着或者坐着。第五段提到折叠式婴儿车可以从婴儿出生一直用到走路，而不仅是4-5个月，因此不准确。21.The car seat and the travel system can both be easily folded and shoved in the car truckA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：B解析：该题说的是：车座架和旅行婴儿车都可以被折叠起来放在车的后备箱里。第四段提到旅行婴儿车不容易折叠放在后备箱里。因此错误。22.Height of the handles is not among the features you should take into consideration when choosing a stroller for your babyA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：B解析：该题说的是：选择婴儿车的时候不需要考虑车把的高度。最后一段提到选择婴儿车需要考虑的因素中包括车把高度。因此错误。Toenail Fungus CureIt has been well documented that for centuries the olive leaf has offered a natural means to cure many ailments of the body.This can also be applied as a toenail fungus cure.Oleuropein(橄榄苦甙),the name established for the agent in the olive leaf extract,is the reason why the olive leaf provides many positive attributes.Olive trees require this substance to ensure that the plant itself is quite robust so as to withstand any harsh weather situations or attacks from insects.The antimicrobial(抗菌剂)characteristic of olive leaf extract comes about when the oleuropein breaks down in the body into a certain acid.This acid interferes with a pathogens(病原体的)ability to replicate.A beneficial byproduct of this response is that a jump start is given to the immune system,which begins to fight bacteria and infection on its own as well.Studies today show that toenail fungus is a common,infectious condition that strikes many people.It typically occurs when the immune system is down and can be difficult to eliminate from your system once contracted.Scientifically is it referred to as onychomycosis(灰指甲)which accounts for a large proportion of nail disorders and can become rather unsightly and painful.It first begins as a discoloration of sorts or a light colored spot under the tip of the toenail which then runs to spread until the entire nail itself is noticeably yellow and rough completely yellow,thick and rough.Fortunately,toenail fungus doesnt have to be accepted as a part of life.Various treatments are now available on the market to eliminate the fungus that causes this unpleasant condition.Applying the natural healing potential of olive leaf oil has proven to be a safe and natural way rid of this difficult ailment.When purchasing olive leaf extract,it is important to purchase from a reputable company as the processing of the plant must be done carefully to ensure that the extract is potent and effective.When consuming olive leaf extract it is important to start slowly to prevent what is known as Herxheimer reaction ordie-off.However,this outcome only happens when large doses are taken quickly.If the treatment begins slowly and is gradually increased,this response to detoxification is rarely seen at all.It is a preferable course of treatment to ingest a small amount of capsules on a daily basis to relieve toenail fungus.It is necessary to complete this therapy until the fungus is completely extinguished.Even as the fungus dies and the toenail starts to clear it is critical to persist with the course until the infected portion has grown out altogether.This toenail fungus cure should be accompanied by future preventions so that this will not occur again by keeping toenails clean and hygienic and to always keep them protected when visiting public areas where toenails are exposed.1.Olive trees require leuropein to survive any harsh weather situations or attacks from insectsA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：A解析:该题说的是：橄榄树需要橄榄苦甙是为了对抗艰苦的环境和虫害。文章第一段第四行到第六行说明了这一点。2.The acid generated from oleuropein can strengthen a pathogens ability to replicate.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：B解析:该题说的是：橄榄苦甙转化成的一种酸能加强病原体的复制能力。第一段倒数第三行提到这种酸能够干扰病原体的复制能力。注意“interfere with”意为“干扰”。3.Toenail fungus cannot pass from one person to another even with close contacts.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：B解析:该题说的是：趾甲真菌即使在紧密接触的情况下也不会在人与人之间传染。第二段第一句提到趾甲真菌是普遍的传染性的。与该题说法矛盾。4.Onychomycosis can be ugly but not painfulA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：B解析:该题说的是：灰指甲会不美观，但不疼。第二段提到灰指甲不美观还会疼痛。5.There isnt any effective treatment on the market to eliminate the toenail fungus,but medical experts are trying their best to develop a therapy for thatA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：B解析:该题说的是：有效治疗趾甲真菌的药还没有上市，但医疗专家正在努力研制。第三段第二句提到市场上可以买到多种去除趾甲真菌的疗法。6.The olive oil extract should be put on the infected toenails by a small amount at the beginning,and then the doses can be increased little by littleA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：A解析:该题说的是：一开始要将少量的橄榄油精华涂于患处，之后在一点一点的增加用量。文中第四段提到了这种疗法的副作用，如果开始用量太大，会造成“坏死”。慢慢增加用量可以降低防止不良反应。7.When the fungus dies and the toenail starts to clear,the treatment can endA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned正确答案：B解析:该题说的是：当真菌死了，趾甲开始变清澈时，就可以停止治疗了。第五段提到即使真菌死了，趾甲开始清澈，也还要继续治疗直到感染的趾甲完全长出脚趾为止。因此，该题说法不正确。Yeast Infection（酵母菌感染）Most of us suffer from fungal infections at some time or another during our life.Many of these infections occur in the superficial part of our body or in the skin.Fungal infections are transferable and some can be very dangerous and in extreme cases can even lead to death.Sometimes,you may be infected with a fungal infection and not even realize it.One of the more common fungal infections is the yeast infection or in medical terms,candidiasis.Yeast infection is the infection of the mucous membranes caused by the fungus Candida,specifically Candida albicans.Yeast infection also has another name,known as moniliaris,derived from the name form of a fungal genius,and thrush,a term usually reserved for infection of the mucous membrane of the mouth.The fungus is a normal inhabitant of the mouth and vagina.Some certain bacteria that also inhibit the areas where the fungus is located usually follow the growth.The most common and popular type of candidiasis is the vaginal yeast infection an uncomfortable infection that almost two thirds of all women will experience at some time in their life.If you have yeast infection,daub apple cider vinegar in the areas prone to infection regularly.You can add some garlic that will help stop the itchy feeling and water to dilute the vinegar concentration.Curds and yogurt are foods identified to be the most effective home remedy for yeast infection.It is advisable to soak a tampon(棉球) into curds and place it in the infected areas for at least an hour.The healthy required bacteria from the curds will replace the unhealthy yeast bacteria.This could be done twice or thrice a day.Drinking at least two glasses of buttermilk a day is adv