初中英语人教版八年级上册unit 1 .docx

Unit 1Whats the matter?话题Topic健康与急救(Health and first aid)功能Functions1.能简单谈论健康问题与事故 (Talk about health problems and accidents )2.能就健康与安全问题提出简单的建议(Give advice)语法Grammar1.能正确使用“have a + 病症”结构谈论健康问题2.能正确使用情态动词should提出恰当的建议3.能正确使用反身代词词汇和常用表达Words & expressions1.能正确使用下列词汇 (按词性排列)matter,stomachache,foot,neck,stomach,throat,fever,cough,X-ray,toothache,headache,break,passenger,trouble,knee,climber,risk,situation,kilo,rock, knife,blood,importance,decision,control,spirit,death,nurse,lie,rest,hurt,hit,mean,herself,ourselves,sick,off,onto 2.能正确使用下列常用表达have a cold,have a stomachache,lie down,take ones temperature,have a fever,take breaks,get off,to ones surprise,right away,get into,be used to,take risks,run out (of),cut off,get out of,be in control of,give up 3.能认读下列词汇sore,bandage,nosebleed,breathe,sunburned,accident 学习策略Strategies1.利用事件的发展顺序来辅助理解所阅读的材料2.根据情景及上下文推测生词词性及词义,通过查阅词典寻找合理的词义文化知识Culture了解阿伦罗尔斯顿 (Aron Ralston) 的经历及其回忆录生死两难(Between a Rock and a Hard Place)三维目标Three-dimensionaltarget知识与技能1.能掌握以下单词:matter,stomachache,foot,neck,stomach,throat,fever,lie,rest,cough,X-ray,toothache,headache,break,hurt,passenger,off,onto,trouble,hit,herself,sick,knee,ourselves,climber,risk,situation,kilo,rock,knife,blood,mean,importance,decision,control,spirit,death,nurse2.熟练掌握短语:have a cold,take ones temperature,have a fever,get off,lie down,to ones surprise,sound like,thanks to,in time,right away,be used to doing sth.,run out (of),because of,so that,be in control of,make a decision,give up3.能掌握以下句型:Whats the matter with.?What should I/you/he/she/they. do?I/You/He/She/They should do.I have a headache/stomachache/toothache.Does she/he have a fever/cold/toothache.?4.了解运用语法:学习运用情态动词should及shouldnt 来表达提出建议,掌握反身代词的用法,提高学生的英语听说读写综合能力。三维目标Three-dimensionaltarget过程与方法1.通过情景创设,角色扮演,Group work,Pair work等方法,引导学生就本单元的健康和事故话题展开讨论,并在讨论中学习和应用本单元的知识点。2.让学生理解和掌握本单元的重点句型和单词,尤其是should及shouldnt的用法。情感态度与价值观1.通过本单元的学习能引导学生关注自己及身边人的身体健康、并学习如何去关心他人及提出适当的建议,保持健康并养成良好的生活习惯。2.教会学生关心他人,培养同学间团结、友善助人的精神。 3.培养学生主动救助处于危险境地的人的精神,在紧急关头,有勇气做出正确的决定。此外,生活中遇到困境,需要有坚强的意志力去面对一切。Section A概述1.本部分将学生带入“健康与急救”的话题,主要学习有关伤病及处理建议的表达方式。2.1a介绍身体各部分的词汇。1b和1c通过简单的听说活动向学生输入并操练有关询问及表达疾病及不适的基本词汇和表达方式。3.2a2d侧重听说技能训练,并加入了医治及处理建议,综合性地训练学生在该话题下的语言输入及输出水平。4.3a3c活动利用公交司机停车救人的故事训练,发展学生的阅读技能,学习更多相关的语言表达,为后面的语法总结与学习提供更多铺垫,并通过课堂讨论进行情感态度价值观的教育。5.Grammar Focus 呈现单元语法结构,一是对疾病及事故伤害的询问及应答,二是利用情态动词should询问及陈述建议。6.4a4c按照“用词造句交流”的过程引导学生逐步掌握本单元的语法内容。 教学目标1.掌握本部分的要点词汇与短语。2.正确使用should和shouldnt来提出建议;学会have和反身代词的用法。3.培养学生的口语交际能力,使学生能够流利地用英语就健康和急救的话题展开讨论。Section B概述1.本部分侧重综合性的听、读、写的训练,尤其突出阅读;策略上,引导学生利用作者对事件描写的先后顺序来促进语篇理解;情感上教育学生树立顽强的意志品质和果敢精神。2.1a把话题引入事故伤害与简单急救上,是听力前的词汇铺垫。1b1c是任务链的听力设计,1d需要学生熟悉听力材料,结合1b,1c的语言提示,以角色扮演的方式将听到的对话信息进行复述。3.2a2e是以阅读语篇为核心的整体设计,2a是读前铺垫,熟悉背景知识,2b是一篇阅读,设计培养一边阅读一边记录生词进行后续语言学习的习惯。2c是以判断题的形式对文章细节信息的检测。2e是复述练习,使学生学会通过事件发展的时间顺序去梳理文章的脉络,并进一步锻炼复述故事的能力。4.3a3b是写作板块,两个活动前后相连,构成过程性写作指导。教学目标1.掌握本部分的要点词汇与短语。2.训练学生听力水平,单词辨析能力和理解运用能力。 3.进一步学习意外事故的处理,培养学生的阅读理解能力和写作能力。 1.用should和shouldnt表达建议。2.与have有关的病痛和事故的表达。3.反身代词的用法。 本单元重点是用should和shouldnt提出建议,在Section A 部分通过大量的对话操练使学生真正地掌握本单元的语法要点。寓教于乐,提升课堂的活跃度和趣味性。通过训练使学生能听懂关于健康话题的短文。运用Role-play和Group work的方式,提高学生的口语表达能力和交际协作能力。Section B 培养学生的口头表达能力,让学生能够运用所学的单词和语法点,针对本单元的话题进行讨论或描述。引导学生提高应变能力和帮助他人的能力。引导学生带着问题去阅读和思考,鼓励学生对不会的单词进行词义猜测,掌握一定的阅读技巧和方法。第一课时:Section A 1a2d第二课时:Section A 3a4c第三课时:Section B 1a2b第四课时:Section B 2cSelf Check 教学目标单词卡片名词:matter,stomachache,foot,neck,stomach,throat,fever,cough,X-ray,toothache,headache,break,passenger,trouble,knee,climber,risk,accident,situation,kilo,rock,knife,blood,importance,decision,control,spirit,death,nurse动词: lie,rest,hurt,hit,breathe,mean形容词:sore,sick 代词:herself,ourselves 副词: off 介词:onto短语归纳have a cold 感冒 have a stomachache胃痛lie down 躺下 see a dentist 看牙医take ones temperature量体温 have a fever 发烧take breaks休息 to ones surprise使惊讶的get off 下车 thanks to 多亏了;由于because of 由于;因为right away立即;马上get into陷入;参与 hurt oneself 受伤be used to 习惯于 take risks冒险run out (of) 用尽;耗尽 cut off 切除so that以便于 get out of 从出来be in control of 掌管;管理make a decision 做出决定keep on doing sth.继续或坚持做某事give up 放弃句型集锦1.Whats the matter? I have a stomachache.You shouldnt eat so much next time.2.What should she do?She should take her temperature.3.Should I take my temperature?4.You shouldnt go out at night.5.Do you have a fever?6.The driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.7.He hurt himself in P.E.class.8.She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital.9.Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.10.He bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.11.He kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.重点语法 一、情态动词should的用法二、反身代词中考考什么1.考查should的用法2.反身代词的用法3.单元相关的考点( Whats the matter?的用法;thanks to的用法,take ones temperature的用法,复合形容词的用法;to ones surprise的用法,be used to doing sth.的用法;decision的用法;give up的用法;enough修饰形容词的用法;so that的用法;see sb.doing sth.的用法;because of的用法;词汇nurse,passenger,knife的用法,death/die/dead的区别用法) 1.相关短文知识链接 Jack likes playing computer games very much.He often sits in the same way for too long without moving.Now he has a headache,sore eyes and a sore back.He doesnt sleep well at night,so he feels tired every day. I think he should take breaks away from the computer.He shouldnt use the computer for a long time.He should do eye exercises to relax his eyes and go to bed early at night. I think if he has a good rest,he will feel well soon.2.文化知识链接阿伦罗尔斯顿 (Aron Ralston) 的经历及其回忆录生死两难 阿伦罗尔斯顿 (Aron Ralston,1975年生)毕业于卡内基梅隆大学机械工程系,立志在冬季登遍很多高山,成功攀登了58座高峰。2003年4月26日,他独自一人来到了美国犹他州的蓝约翰峡谷,探险时遇到意外,右臂被夹在石缝中无法动弹,他只好借由身体的力量靠在峡谷岩壁上,这样支撑了5天之后,他突然想出了一个匪夷所思的办法,用小刀割断自己的手臂,并且成功地拯救了自己。 2004年,阿伦罗尔斯顿出版了回忆录生死两难详尽叙述了这段惊心动魄的经历!启迪人们如何面对困难,揭示逆境中所需的勇气与果敢。 2010年,一位导演把Aron Ralston的真实经历拍成电影127小时(英文片名127 Hours),以阿伦罗尔斯顿在峡谷探险时遇到意外,通过影像向世人述说了这段惊心动魄的经历。第一课时Section A 1a2d1.记忆单词和短语:matter,sore,have a cold,foot,neck,stomach,throat,fever,lie,lie down,rest,cough,toothache,headache,break,hurt,enough water,take breaks away from,take ones temperature,go to a doctor,see a dentist,get an X-ray,cut oneself。2.掌握句型 :Whats the matter with.?I have a headache/stomachache/toothache.What should I/ you/ he/ she/they. do? I/ You/ He/ She/They should do.。3.学习用should 给出建议。 1.熟记本部分的单词与短语。 2.学习使用情态动词should提出恰当的建议。3.学习使用“have a + 病症”结构谈论健康问题。4.利用所学知识进行对话练习。1.掌握相关的单词和词组,并能够灵活运用。2.学生对听力材料中新句型、新词组的理解。3.能询问并表述身体的种种不适以及对他人身体的种种不适给予适当的建议。 本课教学内容是八年级下Unit 1 第一课时,主要涉及询问健康和给出建议。所以导入环节要激发学生兴趣,以身边的健康和急救问题引入Whats the matter?以及should/ shouldnt表达建议的句型,学习与复习表示人体部位的单词以及反身代词。运用情景对话提高学生的口语表达能力和交流协作能力。 在导入环节利用图片引导学生表达有关身体健康方面的问题。培养学生关注健康、关心他人的能力。 设计教学PPT,录音机,图片,多媒体。Step. Lead inLeading in 【情景1】1.Play a song “If you are happy”for all the students to sing.While singing,touch the part that is mentioned in the song.(clap your hands,stamp your feet,wink your eyes)Then sing the song and add up other partsIf you are happy and you know it,shake your head,open your mouth,lift up your leg,lift up your arm. etc.And the teacher (T) shows the pictures about body parts on the blackboard.2.T: Now have you mastered all the English names of our body parts?Lets come to 1a to check.Please look at the picture on page 1.Write the correct letter a-m for each part of the body.arm back ear eyefoothand head leg mouthneck nose stomachtooth 设计意图以学生熟悉的拍手歌开始本节课的教学,让学生在唱歌的同时完成对身体部位单词的认知,并通过对歌曲的改编联系更多的有关身体部位的单词。在开始新课前创设比较活泼轻松的学习氛围,激发学生的学习热情,为下面的教学做好铺垫。Leading in 【情景2】1.T: Are you happy? S: Yes,we are.T: When were happy,we can clap our hands and stamp our feet.Hands and feet are parts of our body;do you know other parts of our body in English?2.Teach the parts of the body one by one by touching it.While teaching one,let them touch or show it.Present a picture of a baby and Yao Ming.Let the students say the parts of the body.T: Now have you mastered all the English names of our body parts?Lets come to 1a to check.Please look at the picture on page 1.Write the correct letter a-m for each part of the body.arm back ear eye foothand head leg mouthneck nose stomach tooth 【Keys】h arme backg eari eyeb foota hand j headl legc mouthd neckm nose k stomachf tooth设计意图以对话加图片的形式询问身体部位,学生比较感兴趣,导入本节所学身体部位的词汇,顺利导入新授内容。Step.PresentationT:If you are a doctor,how do you ask your patients when you see them?Lets look at the following pictures.A: Whats the matter?B1: I have a cold.A: Whats the matter?B2: I have a stomachache.A: Whats the matter?B3: I have a sore back.The following language points should be explained.教材解读1.Whats the matter?本句是对某人患有疾病的询问,相当于Whats the trouble(with you)?/Whats wrong (with you)?/What seems to be the trouble?“你哪儿不舒服/怎么了?”。Whats the matter with you?你怎么了?I have a toothache.我牙疼。2.I have a cold.have a cold表示“感冒”,相当于catch a cold,修饰患重感冒用bad。注意后者catch a cold不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用。I had/caught a bad cold last week.上周我得了一场重感冒。3.I have a stomachache.stomachache n.胃痛;腹痛。stomach 胃;腹部。“have/has a + 病痛的名词”表示“患某种病”。He has a stomachache.他胃痛。【拓展】患病的相关短语:have a stomachache胃痛;have a fever发烧;have a headache头痛;have a sore throat喉咙疼;have a toothache牙痛;have a cough咳嗽。 【辨析】sore,ache,pain(1)sore指因发炎引起的疼痛,是形容词,用以修饰名词。常用结构为“have a sore +身体部位”。She has a sore back.她背疼。(2)ache常与身体部位名词构成合成词,指某部位疼痛。常用结构为“have a +身体部位-ache”。I have a toothache.我牙痛。(3)pain指身体某部位疼痛。常用结构为“have/feel a pain in the/ones+身体部位”。She felt a pain in her stomach.她感到胃疼。设计意图创设对话实景,模拟医患用语,为下面教学做准备。Step. Listening practiceT: We all know the conversations are about health problems.Whats the matter with each person?Now,listen for the specific ideas.(1)Listen and look at the picture.Then number the names 1-5.NancySarahDavidBen Judy (2)Listen again and fill in the blanks and repeat.Conversation 1: I didnt put on my jacket.Now I have a .Conversation 2: Whats the ?I ate too much junk food.I a .I almost couldnt get myself out of bed this morning.Conversation 3: I hurt myself.Now I have a .Conversation 4: I didnt sleep well.I have a .I cant really eat either.Conversation 5: I talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water.I have a very now.【Keys】(1)3 1 2 5 4(2)Conversation 1: cold 2: matter,got,stomachache 3: sore back 4:toothache,anything 5: sore throat 设计意图通过层层递进的听力任务设计,尽量给学生足够的听的机会。学生在做听力时,大多数能听清本次听力的材料,听力活动先让学生听大意,然后再听细节,能逐步培养学生用听的技能获取、处理和传递所需信息的能力。Step . Pair workLook at the pictures.What are the students problems?Make conversations like this:A: Whats the matter with Judy?B: She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water.She has a very sore throat now.设计意图以问答的方式对话练习要点句型,锻炼学生的口头表达能力。Step . Listening practice (2a-2c)Task 1 : Listen and number the pictures 1-5 in the order you hear them. Task 2:Listen to the tape and find out the general idea of the conversations.The general idea of the conversations is about .A.study problems B.health problemsC.health problems and adviceTask 3:Listen and match the problems with the advice.(听取细节)1.fever a.lie down and rest2.stomachache b.drink some hot tea with honey3.cough and sore throat c.see a dentist and get an X-ray4.toothache d.take your temperature5.cut myself e.put some medicine on itTask 4:Go through the blanks please.Then listen and complete the conversations according to the tape.(听后活动)Conversation (1):Girl 2: My head feels very hot.Girl 1: You should .Conversation (2): Girl 2:I have a and a .Girl 1: You should drink some hot tea honey.Conversation (3):Boy: I have a .Girl: You shouldnt eat so much next time.Now,you should and rest.Conversation (4): Boy: I have a toothache.Girl: You should a dentist and an X-ray.Conversation (5): Girl 2: I myself by .Girl 1: You should put some medicine on it.Task 5:Pair work Make conversations using the information in 2a and 2b like this:A: Whats the matter?B: My head feels very hot.A: Maybe you have a fever.B: What should I do?A: You should take your temperature.The following language points should be explained.教材解读1.lie down and rest lie v.躺;平躺。现在分词是lying。lie down 躺下。The dog was lying on the ground.狗躺在地上。【拓展】lie作动词意为“位于”,相当于is/are,还可意为“说谎,撒谎”。lie作名词意为“谎言”。Taiwan lies/is to the east of Fujian Province.台湾位于福建省的东部。Dont believe her because she always lies.别信她,因为她总是说谎。 You are lying,but lies can not cover up facts.你在说谎,但谎言掩盖不了事实。【辨析】lay,lie原形过去式过去分词现在分词lay v.产(卵);下(蛋)laidlaidlayinglie v.躺;位于laylainlyinglie v.说谎liedliedlying2.drink some hot tea with honeywith说明名词, 表示事物的附属部分或所具有的性质,意为“具有,带有,加上,包括在内”,如“加的茶水、馅的包子、水饺”等。本句中with honey作hot tea的后置定语。He doesnt like tea with sugar.他不喜欢加糖的茶水。I like dumplings with meat.我喜欢肉馅的水饺。 【拓展】with是介词,表示“和一起”。with还表示“带有,有着”,指人随身“长着,戴着,带着”,还表示人或物的某种特征。He likes to live with his parents.他喜欢和父母住在一起。China is a country with a long history.中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。Please take an umbrella with you.请随身带把伞。【Keys】Task 1: 2 4 3 1 5Task 2:CTask 3:1.d2.a3.b4.c5.eTask 4:Conversation (1)take your temperature(2)cough,sore throat,with(3)stomachache,lie down(4)see,get (5)cut,accident 设计意图本部分的内容重在培养学生们听寻大意、听寻细节信息和交际的能力。 Step .Role-play the conversation (2d)1.Read the conversation and answer the questions: (任务题)(1)Whats the matter with Lisa? (2)Did she have a fever? (3)What did she do on the weekend? (4)What does she need to do? (5)What should she do now? (6)What should she do if things dont get better? 2.Explain some main points in the conversation.教材解读1.Should I take my temperature?take ones temperature 意为“量体温”。Tom is ill.The doctor is taking his temperature now.汤姆生病了。大夫正在给他量体温。2.You need to take breaks away from the computer.take breaks 表示“休息”,away from表示“远离,不在”。The old man enjoyed the holiday,away from the city noise.这位老人喜欢度假,远离城市的喧闹。3.Yeah,I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.in the same way 表示“以同样的方式”。for too long太长的时间,相当于for a long time。for后接一段时间。After walking for a long time,we all got tired.步行了好长时间之后,我们都很疲惫。without作介词,反义词为with,后接名词/代词/动名词形式。He went out without locking the door.他没有锁门就出去了。【拓展】without用于否定句,表示条件,意为“如果没有”,可与if引导的否定条件状语从句转换。We cant finish the work without your help.=We cant finish the work if you dont help us.如果没有你的帮助,我们就完不成这项工作。4.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow,then go to a doctor.hurt v.(使)疼痛;受伤。hurt oneself自己受伤。He hurt himself in P.E.class.他在体育课上受伤了。【拓展】hurt n.伤痛;伤害;创伤。The experience left me with a feeling of deep hurt.这段经历给我心灵上留下了严重的创伤。【辨析】hurt,injure(1)hurt意为“伤害,受伤,疼痛”,一般用语,多指肉体上的伤害、身体某部位的疼痛,也可指对精神或感情方面的伤害。精神、感情受到创伤多用deeply修饰,身体伤害多用badly修饰。The driver hurt herself badly in the accident.那位女司机在事故中伤得很重。Your words deeply hurt her.你的话深深伤害了她。(2)injure意为“损害,伤害”,尤指在事故中受伤。He injured his knee playing tennis.他在打网球时膝盖受伤。3.Read the conversation after the teacher.4.Practice the conversation with their partner.Then let some pairs act out the conversation.5.Fill in the blanks.Mandy: Lisa,are you OK?Lisa: I have a and I cant move my neck.What should I do?Should I my temperature?Mandy: No,it doesnt sound like you have a .What did you do on the weekend?Lisa: I played computer games all weekend.Mandy: Thats probably why.You need to takeaway from the computer.Lisa: Yeah,I think I sat in the same way for too long moving.Mandy: I think you should down and rest.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow,then go to a.Lisa: OK.Thanks,Mandy.【Keys】1.(1)She has a headache and cant move her neck.(2)No,she didnt.(3)She played computer games all weekend.(4)She needs to take breaks away from the computer.(5)She should lie down and rest.(6)She should go to a doctor.5.headache,take,fever,breaks,without,lie,doctor设计意图首先读对话,回答任务题,加深对对话的理解,教师读,学生练,在阅读、会话交流的语言实践过程中将综合运用语言的能力提高到一个新的、更高的层次。其次通过对对话的挖空填空,进一步对对话有了更深的理解,增强了学生的交际能力。Step .Exercises: the end-of- class test.用所给词的适当形式填空1.My head hurts and I have a (head).2.These shoes are too big for my (foot).3.Tom,you mustnt play with the knife.You may hurt (you).4.Last night,we (lie) on the grassland and counted the stars.5.He walked by me without (speak).根据汉语意思完成句子1.你怎么了?Whatwith you?2.让我来给她量个体温。Let me.3.我头痛。I.4.你应该喝加蜜的热茶。 You should drink hot tea .5.我认为你应该躺下来休息。I think you should and.【Keys】.1.headache2.feet3.yourself 4.lay5.speaking .1.is the matter2.take her temperature3.have a headache4.with honey5.lie down,rest 设计意图 用所给单词的适当形式填空和汉译英是常见的检测方式,重点检测要点词汇和句型的用法,巩固当堂学习内容。Step .HomeworkMake up a conversation between a doctor and a patient.设计意图 通过编写对话,练习患病常用句型“Whats the matter?”和“主语+ have/has a + 病痛的名词。”Section A (1a2d)Words and phrases:matter,sore,have a cold,foot,neck,stomach,throat,fever,lie,lie down,rest,cough,toothache,headache,break,h