美国经济(英文版)ppt课件

Chapter3 AmericanEconomy 1 AmericanEconomy Contents 1 IndustrialRevolution2 GeneralSurvey3 Industries4 Agriculture 2 AmericanEconomyIndustrialRevolution AdamSmithAlexanderHamiltonEarlyAmericanindustriesSeconddevelopmentAThirddevelopmentAfourthdevelopmentNewerafortheUnitedStates 3 AmericanEconomyIndustrialRevolution TheWealthofNations AdamSmith 4 AmericanEconomyGeneralSurvey 1 Thestructureoftheeconomy2 Thepositionintheworld3 InflationandDeficit 5 AmericanEconomyGeneralSurvey Structureoftheeconomy1 Privately ownedbusiness2 State ownedbusiness3 non profitorganizations 6 AmericanEconomyGeneralSurvey structureoftheemployees1 self employed 75 2 governmentworkers 21 3 employeesofnonprofitorganizations 4 7 AmericanEconomyGeneralSurvey PositionoftheAmericanEconomy1 superpower inworldaffairs2 dominantpositionofthedollar BrettonWoodsSystem 布雷顿森林体系 布莱登国际货币制度 8 AmericanEconomyGeneralSurvey BrettonWoodsSystem1 mostmajorcurrenciesarepeggedtotheUSdollar2 thedominantpositionofthedollarwasformallyestablishedintheBrettonWoodsystemwhichwasheldin1945atBrettonWoodsinNewHampshireandattendedby45countries 3 TheconferencealsosetuptheIMF InternationalMonetaryFund theWorldBank andGATT theGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade laterknownasWTO itisaworldtradingsystem 9 AmericanEconomyGeneralSurvey InflationInflationisageneralriseinthepricesofgoodsadservices therealorpurchasingpowervalueofmoneyisreduced E g Threedollarsarenecessarytodaytobuywhattwodollarsboughtyesterday 10 AmericanEconomyGeneralSurvey DeficitAmericaneconomyisdeficitfinancing 1 23billionduringWW 2 13billionmoreduringthe1930s3 200billionmoreduringWW 4 By1998thegrossfederaldebthasreached 2trillion5 interestonthefederaldebtisover 150billionayear 11 AmericanEconomyIndustries 1 SectorsofAmericanIndustries2 Distributionofindustries3 MajorIndustrialCities4 FactorsoftheDevelopmentofIndustries 12 AmericanEconomyIndustries Sectors 1 Manufacturing2 HighTechnology3 HeavyIndustry4 Aviation5 CarIndustry 13 AmericanEconomyIndustries Sectors ManufacturingTheUSmanufacturingindustryisthelargestintheworld almost3timesthesizeofJapan 1 onequarterofGNP2 onequarterofthenationalincome3 over1 5oftheUSworkforce 14 AmericanEconomyIndustries Sectors HighTechnology1 oneoftheworldleadersinthehightechnology intheareasoftelecommunication electronics computerchipresearchandmanufacturingandsoftwaredevelopment 2 USistheworldmajorproducerofhigh speedcomputers AppleComputerCorporationandInternationalBusinessMachines IBM 15 AmericanEconomyIndustries Sectors HeavyIndustryHeavyindustryaroundtheGreatLakesdependsheavilyupon3resources 1 ironorefromtheLakeSuperior2 coalsupplyfromtheAlleghenyhillsofwesternPennsylvania3 coalsupplyfromwestVirginiacheapwatertransportationprovidedbytheGreatLakesandrivers Theyconstitutethebaseforthedevelopmentofindustryintheregion 16 AmericanEconomyIndustries Sectors Aviation1 UShasthelargestaviationindustryintheworld 2 Majoraircraftcompanies Boeing McDonaldDouglas3 Spaceshuttlesstillleadtheworld sspacenavigations 17 AmericanEconomyIndustries Sectors CarIndustry1 BigThree motorvehiclecompanies Ford GeneralMotors GM and Chrysler 2 large spaciousandhigh powered3 theinfluxofJapanesecarsandsparepartsisthemaincauseofAmerica s 60billiontradedeficitwithJapan 18 AmericanEconomyIndustries Distribution DistributionofIndustries1 NortheasternAmerica themostimportantindustrialregion NewEnglandandGreatLakes2 TheSouthwastraditionallyanagriculturalregionbecauseofitsfavorableclimateforcrops TheSouthdevelopeditsoil refiningandPetro chemicalindustry Meanwhilethetextileindustryandheavyindustryalsodeveloped 19 AmericanEconomyIndustries Cities NewYorkPittsburghChicagoDetroitDallasandHoustonSeattleSanFranciscoandLosAngeles 20 AmericanEconomyIndustries Cities NewYork1 thelargestcity2 thelargestseaport 21 AmericanEconomyIndustries Cities Pittsburgh1 anotherimportantindustrialcityinPennsylvania2 itstandsbytheOhioRiverwhichfinallyjoinstheMississippiRiver 3 ithasdevelopedabigsteel makingindustry andisnowthelargestproducerofironandsteelintheU S 22 AmericanEconomyIndustries Cities Chicago1 borderonlakeMichiganandthethirdlargestcityinUS 2 mostimportantindustrialandcommercialcityintheMiddleWest 3 largestfood processingcenter4 famousforitsclothingindustry 23 AmericanEconomyIndustries Cities Detroit1 theworld scarcapitalItisthehomeofFord GeneralMotorsandChrysler 2 Detroitisalsoaseaport 24 AmericanEconomyIndustries Cities DallasandHouston1 BothcitiesaresituatedinTexas2 Dallashasbecomefamousforitslargeoilindustry 3 Houstonisalsofamousforitslargeoilindustryandisfamousforitsimportantroleinspacenavigationandoilindustry 4 TheUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration NASA issituatedinHouston 25 AmericanEconomyIndustries Cities Seattle1 oneofAmerica simportantseaporttohandletradewitheasterncountries 2 amajorcenteroftheaircraftindustry 26 AmericanEconomyIndustries Sectors 1 Sparsely populated2 Thefourthlargestareaandpopulation3 Endlessstreamsofimmigrants4 TwoWorldWars5 TheUSforeigntradepolicy 27 AmericanEconomyAgriculture Contents 1 Introduction2 Distribution3 MechanizationandCorporations4 AgriculturalProblemsandgovernmentpolicies 28 AmericanEconomyAgriculture IntroductionOneofthemostimportantindustriesoftheU S ThomasJefferson swords Cultivatorsoftheeartharethemostvaluablecitizens andtheyaretiedtotheircountryandweddedtoitsinterestbythemostlastingbonds 29 AmericanEconomyAgriculture Distribution1 20 ofthelandareaoftheUSisfarmingland2 Midwestforcornandsoybeans3 Southernstatesforcotton tobacco andrice 4 Pacificcoastforfruits vegetablesandwheat 30 AmericanEconomyAgriculture MechanizationandCorporations1 basedonfreeholdingsor familyfarms 2 allthefarmsarehighlymechanizedandproductive 3 Standardoflivingoffarmersisgenerallyhig