John Donne 诗歌特点+评论ppt课件

JohnDonne SelectedReading TheFleaHolySonnet10 JohnDonne sPortraitat23 WomancatchingFlea MetaphysicalPoetry Theterm metaphysical isusedtodesignatetheworkof17th centurywriterswhowerepartofaschoolofpoetsusingsimilarmethodsandwhorevoltedagainsttheromanticconventionalismofElizabethanlovepoetry inparticularthePetrarchanconceit Itincludesacertainanti feministtradition JohnDonnewastheacknowledgedleaderofthepoetstodayidentifiedas metaphysical thoughtheythemselveswouldnothaveusedtheterm norhaveconsideredthemselvestoconstitutea school ofpoetry Noexactlistof metaphysicalpoets canbedrawnup SomewereProtestantreligiousmystics likeHerbert VaughanandTraherne someCatholic likeCrashaw onewasanAmericanclergyman EdwardTaylor Whilelesseasilyassimilatable Marvellsharescertainaffinitieswiththe metaphysical poets The metaphysicals arepopularwithmodernreadersbecauseoftheirrealism theirintellectualism andtheirbreakwiththeirimmediateliterarypast characteristics 1 atendencytopsychologicalanalysisofemotionofloveandreligionapenchant hobby forimagerythatisnovel unpoetical andsometimesshocking drawnfromthecommonplace actuallife ortheremote eruditesources includingtheextendedmetaphorofthe metaphysicalconceit simplediction comparedtoElizabethanpoetry whichechoesthecadencesofeverydayspeech Characteristics 2 meter oftenrugged not sweet orsmoothlikeElizabethanverse ThisruggednessgoesnaturallywiththeMetaphysicalpoets attitudeandpurpose abeliefintheperplexity mess chaos oflife aspiritofrevolt andtheputtingofanargumentinspeechratherthansong form frequentlyanargument withthepoet slover withGod withoneself Thebestmetaphysicalpoetryishonest unconventional andrevealsthepoet ssenseofthecomplexitiesandcontradictionsoflife Itisintellectual analytical psychological andbold frequentlyitisabsorbedinthoughtsofdeath physicallove andreligiousdevotion metaphysicalconceit 博喻 A metaphysicalconceit isafar fetchedandingeniousextendedcomparison or conceit usedbymetaphysicalpoetstoexploreallareasofknowledge Itfindstellingandunusualanalogiesforthepoet sideasinthestartlinglyesoteric 深奥的 ortheshockinglycommonplace nottheusualstuffofpoeticmetaphor FamousExamples Itisoftengrotesqueandextravagant e g Crashaw scomparisonofMaryMagdalene stear filledeyesas Twowalkingbaths twoweepingmotions Portableandcompendiousoceans Donne scomparisonofhisunionwithhislovertothedraftsman scompassin AValediction ForbiddingMourning ismoresuccessfulbecauseitgivesusaperceptionofarealbutpreviouslyunsuspectedsimilaritythatisthereforeenlightening TheSourcesofConceits Typicalmetaphysicalconceitscomefromawidevarietyofareasofknowledge coins mintage alchemy medievalphilosophyandangelology seee g Donne s AirandAngels meteorology sighsareblasts tearsarefloods mythology thePhoenix sriddle theriverStyx government sheisthestate heisthePrince fromDonne s TheSunRising travelling Donne s GoandCatchaFallingStar astronomy metallurgy goldtoairythinnessbeat geometry thetwincompasses law geography Overallexplanation 1 Fleaswereapopularsubjectforjocose humorous andamatory love poetryinallcountriesattheRenaissance Theirpopularitystemsfromaneventthathappenedinaliterarysalon aplacewherepoetsandotherscametorecitepoetryandconverse Thesalonwasrunbytwoladies andonoccasionafleahappenedtolandupononelady sbreast Thepoetswereamazedatthecreature saudacity andwereinspiredtowritepoetryaboutthebeast Itsoonbecamefashionableamongpoetstowritepoemsaboutfleas Overallexplanation 2 Inthispoem the I ofthepoemislyinginbedwithhislover andtryingtogethertogivehervirginitytohim Itcould ofcourse quiteeasilybeaFEMALE I tryingtoseduceaMALE butIwillstickwithoneforconvenience Whilelyingthere henoticesaflea whichhasobviouslybittenthemboth Sincethe17 centuryideawasofsexasa minglingoftheblood herealisesthatbymixingtheirbloodstogetherinitsbody thefleahasdonewhatshedidn tdaretodo Overallexplanation 3 Then heargues sincethefleahasdoneit whyshouldn tthey Tobackuphisargument hereferstothemarriageceremony whichstatesthat manandwomanshallbeoneflesh Hearguesthatsincetheyhavemingledtheirbloodsandaretherefore oneblood theyarepractically oneflesh andarethereforemarried Overallexplanation 4 Then heargues sincethefleahasdoneit whyshouldn tthey Tobackuphisargument hereferstothemarriageceremony whichstatesthat manandwomanshallbeoneflesh Hearguesthatsincetheyhavemingledtheirbloodsandaretherefore oneblood theyarepractically oneflesh andarethereforemarried Overallexplanation 5 However thefleafinallyiskilled andthepoetisforcedtochangetactics There heargues killingthefleawaseasy andasyousayithasn tharmedus well yieldingtomewillbejustaseasyandpainless Thispoemborrowsalotofreligiousimagery becauseithelpsaddanaburdauthoritytothepoem asDonnetriestoarguethatwhattheyareabouttodoisnotonlysupportedbyGod buttonotdoitwouldbeheretical PoeticDevices Directaddress Markebutthisflea Repetition AndmarkeinthisConceits Flea Church Flea MovementWithinthePoem Firststanza ContemplativeandwhimsicalSecondstanza Becomesmoreabsurd pacegetsfasterThirdstanza Slowingandreversalofargument Notagoodideatowritedown butinterestingtonotethatthepaceofthepoemfollowsthatofsex agradualbuild upofintensityleadingtothesudden climactic deathofaflea Imagery Muchreligiousimagery onebloodmadeoftwo impliessexand orpregnancy ie motherandchildarethe two threelivesinoneflea holytrinitycloysterdsacrilege threesinnesinkillingthree moreholytrinityimagerybloodofinnocence GeneralComments 1 Circularargument Thefleastartsandendsasnothing Hijackingofmarriageceremony TheAnglicanmarriageceremonyincludesthelinesManshallbejoineduntohiswifeandtheytwoshallbeoneflesh Comparewithonebloodmadeoftwo ThisfleaisyouandI etc Argumentgainsconfidencethroughoutthestanzas andisthenabruptlyturnedaround Thereisalotofhyperboleinthispoem atechniquethatDonneoftenusestomakeapoint GeneralComments 2 Notetheroleofthefemaleinthispoem herobjectionsarenevernoted justreactedto andshemakesthemostpowerfulstatementinthepoem yetitisanon verbalstatement hercrushingoftheflea Onebloodmadeoftwo inDonne stime thesexactwasthoughtobea minglingofthebloods sothelineisbothlewdandplayful especiallyasitisfollowedbytheteasingAndthis alas ismorethanweewoulddoe GeneralComments 3 Purpledthynaile purplewasaveryexpensivecolour associatedwithroyaltyandromance AlsonotethatinthefirsttwolinesofthisstanzaDonneisarguingthatthedeathofthefleaismoreimportantthanthelossofvirginity Notagoodideatousethisinaformalexam butnoteMeitsuck dfirst andnowsucksthee apparentlyinthe17thcenturytheprinted s lookedalotliketheprinted f Itwouldbenosurprise thatDonneisbeingdeliberatelyambivalenthere GeneralComments 4 Donne srhymeschemeplaysanimportantpartinthemeaning Alltwenty sevenlinesofthepoemfollowtheaabbccdddrhymescheme Thisconsistencyinpatternreflectsthespeaker spersistenceasheproceedswithhisrequestforintimacythroughoutthepoem Death BenotProud DEATHbenotproud thoughsomehavecalledtheeMightyanddreadfull for thouartnotso For those whomthouthink st thoudostoverthrow Dienot pooredeath noryetcanstthoukillme Fromrestandsleepe whichbutthypicturesbee Muchpleasure thenfromthee muchmoremustflow Andsoonestourbestmenwiththeedoegoe Restoftheirbones andsoulesdeliverie ThouartslavetoFate Chance kings anddesperatemen Anddostwithpoyson warre andsicknessedwell Andpoppie orcharmescanmakeussleepeaswell Andbetterthenthystroake whyswell stthouthen Oneshortsleepepast weewakeeternally Anddeathshallbenomore death thoushaltdie Thissonnetispartofacollectioncalled TheHolySonnets Donne anAnglicanpriestandveryreligiousman looksatthethemeofdeath somethingthatscaresmostpeople Hepointsoutthatoneshouldnotinfactbeafraidofdeathatallbecauseitissimplythegatewaytoanotherhappiereternallife Thepoetinfactpersonifiesdeath speakingdirectlytoDeathasifitwereaperson HeaccusesDeathofhavingabsolutelynothingtoboastaboutbecause intheend Deathhasnopowerwhatever PetrarchanSonnet Ithas14lines dividedintothreequatrainsandarhymingcouplet Thequatrainsdealwiththechiefthemeofthesonnet andtherhymingcoupletconcludestheargument Eachlineofthesonnethas10syllablesofiambicpentameters i e therearefivefeet calledpentameters andeachfootcontainsashortsyllablefollowedbyalongone iambic Therhymingschemeisasimpleone abbacddceffeggNote TherhymingcoupletattheendisusuallyasignthatoneislookingatanElizabethansonnet DONNE SPOEMISBASEDUPONTHEFOLLOWINGEXTRACTFROMTHESCRIPTURES Listen Itellyouamystery Wewillnotallsleep butwewillallbechanged inaflash inthetwinklingofaneye atthelasttrumpet thenthesayingthatiswrittenwillcometrue Deathhasbeenswallowedupinvictory Where Odeath isyourvictory Where Odeath isyoursting Thestingofdeathissin andthepowerofsinisthelaw ButthanksbetoGod HegivesusvictorythroughourLordJesusChrist Corinthians15 51 57 CLOSERANALYSIS General Deathisoftenpresentedasaperson the GrimReaper whogoesaboutwithasicklereapinginaharvestofsouls Indeed StPaulhimselfpersonifiesdeathinhislettertotheCorinthians henceDonneismerelyimitatingthegreatmaster Quatrain1 ThepoethascontemptforDeath scorningDeath sfalsepride Hepointsoutthat althoughmostpeopleareterrifiedofDeath somehavecalledtheemightyanddreadful thereisnoreasonatallforthisfear Peoplewhoappeartodie saysthepoet donotactuallydiebutratherpassintoanothereternallifeofhappiness Deaththereforehasnoreasontobeproud ortoboastofhisaccomplishmentsbecauseinrealityDeathhasnopowerwhatever Quatrain2 Deathismerelyapictureofeternalrestandsleep Justasrestandsleepbringmuchhappiness soDeathwillbringmuchmorehappinessbecausehebringseternalrest Eventhebestpeoplewille