Unit_2_Deer_and_the_energy_Cycle讲稿.doc

大学英语精读（第三版）第四册 讲稿Unit 2 Deer and the Energy CycleTeaching Time: 8 hoursStudents level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester.Teaching Objectives: 1. Get Ss to know the energy cycle and instruct them to observe the animals living instinct in order to value the natural resource; learn about food-energy-life-death.2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: tendency, rate, area, plentiful, possessions, currency, scarce, ample, drowsy, fundamental, accumulate, internal, hence Phrases & Expressions: to meet the needs, turn of mind, convert intoGrammar: 3. About the reading, Ss should know the usage of dictionary.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skillcoherence.5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher.教学要求：1要求学生掌握本单元的中心思想和文章结构。2掌握新单词、句型的使用方法；加强相关听说训练。3. 掌握阅读技巧：扩展眼界。教学建议： 1在教学过程中启发学生开展关于“食物-能量-生命-死亡”的探讨。2提供最新的资料背景知识，如视频，相关主题文章等。Listening and Speaking CourseSs finish the Unit 2 Beauty can be bought. (New Horizon College English Viewing, Listening & Speaking)Comprehensive Exercises BookUnit 2: The students finish the exercises in their spare time.II. Teaching arrangement & Time Allotment1） Reading and Writing Course 6 periods2） Listening and Speaking Course 2 periods (every two weeks)III. Teaching MethodsCommunicative ApproachLearner-centered TeachingTask-based LearningTranslation MethodMultimedia ApproachLecture NotesI. Information Related to the Text1. Deer There are about 100 different kinds of deer. Some live in grasslands. Others live in forests. The female deer becomes pregnant annually in late autumn, producing one to three young in late spring or early summer. The normal lifespan is 15 to 20 years.2. Energy CrisisEnergy crisis refers to a critical shortage in the supply of energy-producing fuels, such as gas, oil, and coal. During the early 1970s, the demand for petroleum increased sharply, and Western countries depended heavily on imported supplies. The situation became worse during the Arab-Israeli War of 1973, when the Arab nations reduced oil production and embargoed oil shipments to the United States and other countries that supported Israel, causing an acute energy shortage in these countries during the winter of 1973 to 1974.3. Ecological System (Ecosystem)A system is made up of a group of living organisms and their physical environment, and the relationship between them. A pond, a lake, a forest or an ocean may be an ecosystem. An ecosystem includes such factors as food supply, weather and natural enemies.Any change in environment has far-reaching effects on living things. The clearing of a forest, for example, may drive away birds and affect drainage (排水). Without birds to keep harmful insects under control, the insects multiply and may do serious damage to crops. Without trees to hold back rain water, erosion may set in and ruin farmland.II. Lead-in1. Introductory remarks: Life depends on energy. All human beings eat food and make use of the chemical energy in it, and so do all other animals. However, our energy sources are limited and, to make matters worse, we are rapidly using up our energy supplies. It is extremely important therefore that we conserve the supplies. When he concludes by saying “it is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter,” he is actually leading us to the question: If deer can so that, why not we human being?2. Warm-up questions 1) What do you think life depends on?Money, love, or something else.2) Where does energy come from?Food, spirit, God, or what?3) What happens to life there is no food, or source of energy?4) Life is energy, isnt it? What do you think?The planet we live on is made up of 2 major components: living organisms and inorganic substances. As far as living things are concerned, life spans vary. Some may live for thousands of years, while others live only a few seconds. Regardless of this difference, every life develops from a lower stage to a higher stage until its death, and every species develops in this way, too. But what makes life perform in this way? What happens after life? Our earth has been functioning for billions of years. What has made it work for so long? Lets have a careful study of the textIII. While-reading Tasks1. Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2. Text and questions for discussionLines 1-61. What does “love makes the world go round” mean?People with a romantic turn of mind think that love, romantic love, is what makes life worth living.2. Why does the author say that energy is the “currency” of the ecological system?An ecological system is all the plants, animals and people, and their surroundings, considered as a whole, In the commercial world, money is the currency , or means of survival. For life, the most important support is food, the source of energy for life, which allows growth, reproduction, and survival.Lines 7-121. What do wild animals do with the food in different seasons? Why do they do so?Wild animals seem to know when there will be plenty of food and when there wont. So they eat as much as they can when there is plenty of food so that they can become fat and strong and grow well. In winter, they have little to eat. But they do not starve because the fat they have stored in their bodies brings them through this hard time. Lines 13-221. What does “this is good timing” mean?This means that the female deer uses the most suitable seasons, i.e. summer and fall, for the birth of fawns and the production of milk because both the conception and production cost the female deer much energy and in both seasons there is plenty of food, which meet the deers physical needs.Lines 23-311. To what does the author compare the process of fat reserving?A bank savings account, from which one can draw when he needs the money.Lines 32-441. What is the phenomenon of lowering metabolism?The heart rate slows. The animal becomes slow and drowsy. Therefore, the use of and need for energy is reduced.2. What protects the deer from cold winter? How does it work?They undergo physical and internal physiological changes, i.e. the hair growth and the slow metabolism. The thick hair keeps the deer warm and the slow metabolism makes the deer consume less energy, which is stored in the form of fat for use when they need it for growth.Lines 45-561. What decreases as winter progresses?The deers activities.2. Why were people advised to behave like that?To use less oil and electricity for conserving energy to pull through the crisis.3. What does the author imply by “watched the deer”?He implies that men can learn from the deer to reduce unnecessary cost of energy.Lines 57-641. “to pull them through”. Can you say it in other words?to help them survive the winter.2. What is the fundamental rule of life?The more fat the deer reserve, the more chance there is for them to survive the crises. Only the largest and strongest are likely to survive.3. Is the fundamental rule of life applicable to human beings?Yes. If we human beings do not protect nature and ourselves by saving energy, we will be punished by nature and will eventually be wiped out from this planet.Lines 65-681. What is the life cycle?Food-energy-life-survival-reproduction-death-food-energy-other life Food energy-seek more food-new energy-food.Energy is vital to our world. But energy is not always plentiful. The supply can vary, either seasonally or for other reasons. Some animals, the white-tailed deer, for instance, have developed natural ways or varying their own use of energy with the variations of the supply. Human beings can and should learn this lesson for their own survival. 3. New Words and PhrasesWords:turn: (1) n. Occasion or opportunity for doing sth. , esp. in ones proper order among others turn + inf.; in turne.g. Its my turn to drive next. He felt it was his turn to speak at the meeting. (2) link-v. becomee.g. He used to a teacher till he turned a writer. With the approach of Christmas the weather turned colder.convert v. change , cause to changee.g. Does electricity convert easily to other forms of power? This seat converts into a bed.3. scarce a. not available in sufficient qualitye.g. Good fruit is scarce just now, and costs a lot. Potatoes were scarce last winter.4. ample a. plentiful e.g. We have ample money for the journey. The money her mother gave her was ample for car fare and lunches.5. dependent: a. relying for support *be dependent on +a./prone.g. Children are usually dependent on their parents. Ill never be dependent on anyone again.6. safeguard: n. a means of protection against sth unwanted *safeguard against +n. e.g. Its a new law containing safeguards against the misuse of government power.This is a safeguard against accidents.7. extent : n. Degree to extent e. g. I agree with what yo say to a certain extent.The temperature rose to such an extent that the fireman had to leave the burning house.8. desire: n. a strong wish desire + inf. ; desire for + n.e. g. I am filled with desire to go back there.She had always had a keen desire for a really comfortable home.9. direction: n. the course on which a person or thing moves or is aimed*in directione. g. Shot were fired about in all directions.10. critical : a. finding fault * be critical of + n.e. g. She is only critical of Alice because she does not like her .Phrases:1. give birth to : bear. Producee.g. His wife gave birth to a son yesterday.2. draw on : take or use as a sourcee. g. He wouldnt draw on his savings to buy his wife a gift.3. slow down: move more slowly; deceleratee.g. His reading is slowed down by a string of new words.4. move about: travel around e.g. I can hear somebody moving about upstairs.5. pull through: help to survive a period of danger or crisise.g. It was this spirit which pulled them through.6. in order to: with the purpose or intentione.g. I came early in order for you to read my speech before the meeting.7. turn into: become ; be changede.g. He has turned into a brave fighter.8. in part: in some degree; partlye.g. The responsibility was in part mine.4. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)5. T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)IV. Post-reading Activities1. Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.2. Ss hand in the summary of the text.V After-reading TasksStudy of the words and phrases(old words ) (new ones) (old words) (new ones) tendency turn of mind money currencychange into convert into autumn fallsomething stored reserves rare scarceto satisfy the demands to meet the needs area regionplentiful ample possessions resourceat the same time meanwhile spend expendsleepy drowsy become liquid meltbasic fundamental store depositcollect accumulate therefore hence small wooden house cabin inside internal English and Chinese Phrases(Chinese) (English) (Chinese) (English) 注重/有的 倾向 a turn of mind 生态系统 an ecological system倚赖 to depend on 年复一年 from year to year尽可能多 as much as one can 旺季 times of plenty储存的脂肪 reserves of fat/stored fat 营养食品 nutritious food不甚出名,鲜为人知 less well known 生理成熟 physically mature能说明问题的例子 a good case in point 生育 to give birth to食物资源 food resources 大雪 deep snow基本规律 a fundamental rule 小雪 light snow熬过冬天 to survive the winter / to pull through the winterWriting StyleThe article is both an expositor