conditionals语法讲义ppt课件

Conclusions 关于条件句的几点补充说明 1 条件句中的would有时可用could might should等代替 均带有本身的情态动词意义 Wecouldhavepreparedbetterifwehadgotmoretime Ishouldn thavegivenhimtheoperationifithadn tbeennecessary 2 条件句中的条件有时不用if表示 而借助于其他某些词语或句子结构 Withouttom stheory iftherehadn tbeentom stheory wecouldn thavebecomesosuccessful United wearestrong divided weareweak ifweareunited ifwearedivided 3 有些条件句形式上是表示虚拟的动词句型 实际上并不是表示虚拟含义 而是作为一种婉转口气 或是表示惊讶等情绪 有的语法书将这类条件句划作真实条件句 Eg IfyouwouldgoboatingontheAiXilake youwouldenjoyit A Ifyoushouldprunethesetreesandbushes Icertainlywouldbepleased B IfIshouldseehim Iwillbringyourwordtohim 说明自己不一定能见到他 带有委婉推辞之意 Ifyoushouldseehim pleaseletmeknow 说话人估计对方可能会见到他 但是故意留有余地 显得客气一点 Wouldyoumindifhestayedhere 很有礼貌的征求别人同意 StrangethatIshouldhavebelievedalittlechild 表示自己都很奇怪 Should will would wereto在条件从句中的情况 有些语法书上称之为type2 3条件句的变体形式 Ifitshouldrainagain theflowerswillbloom Ifheshouldcometomorrow Iwouldtellhimeverything IfIshouldbedetained starttheprogramwithoutme 在这里should仅仅表示一种不太肯定的婉转语气 并不影响条件的真实性 Ifmyfatherwillgivemepermission Ishallspendafewmonthsabroad Ifyouwillacceptthenomination alotofelectorswillvoteforhim Ifhewillwaitforafewmoreminutes thedoctorwillseeyouwithoutyourmakinganappointment 在if 分句中用 will do 并不单纯的表示将来意义 这里的will是个表示 意愿 的情态动词 相当于bewillingtoAttention 要注意这种带 will do 的if分句在某些场合是不可以随便用的 比如我们可以说 Ifhegetsmyletterintime he llbeabletochangehisplans 却不可以说 Ifhewillgetmyletterintime he llbe Ifyouwouldreserveseats wewouldbesureofacomfortablejourney IfyouwouldtryItalianfood youwouldlikeit Ifyouwouldkindlywaitamoment I llseewhatIcando 在这里would 还是表示 意愿 常用于客气的请求 Ifweweretomissthe10o clocktrain wewouldn tgettheretillafterlunch Ifourtrainweretoarrivepunctually weshouldhavetimetovisityoursister 这是type3条件句的变体形式 要注意表示非真实条件句的wereto与表示 义务 的am is areto和was wereto的区别 试观察 Ifheweretogetintouchwithme Icouldexplain Supposinghegotintouchwithme 非真实条件 Ifhewastogetintouchwithme whyhasn thedoneso Ifthearrangementwasthatheshouldgetintouchwithme why 表示 义务 Type3的另一个变体形式就是if分句中用would 不定式 表示不太可能实现的 意愿 例如 Ifyou dcookthedinner I ddothewashingupafterwards 这种非真实条件句与type2第三种变体形式同形异义 在这里 would表示一种不大可能实现的 意愿 而在type2的第三种变体中 would所表示的 意愿 仅带婉转口气 并无不大可能实现之意 这种意义区别只有在一定上下文中才能显示出来 Exercise Iwillacceptyourexplanationonlyifyou support itwithevidence willsupportIftheworst come totheworst wecangiveuptheideacompletely shouldcomeIshouldbemuchobligedifyou lend methemoney Wouldlend Pleasecompare Ifthedoctorcomes canyoulethimin thedoctormightcome Whenthedoctorcomes canyoulethimin thedoctorwillcome 幻灯片9Wearegoingtohaveapicnicifitdoesn train Wearegoingtohaveapicnicunlessitrains 幻灯片10I llwritedowntheaddressincaseIforgetit I llbeatmyuncle sincaseyouneedtoreachme 幻灯片11 IfandwhenWeuseiftosaythatsomethingmightpossiblyhappenwhileweusewhentotalkaboutsomethingthatwethinkwilldefinitelyhappen Weuseifnotwhentotalkaboutsomethingimpossibleorimaginary IfIwereyou Iwoulddothesame ifandunlessWeuseunlesstosay exceptunderthefollowingcircumstances or exceptif Itisusedtodrawattentiontotheconditionasanexceptionandsometimesmeansthesameasif not Unlessismorelimitedthanif not Wedon tuseunlessincounterfactualconditionals whenthereisanegativecauseorreasonorwhenwebeginthemainclausewiththen Ifwehadn tworkedsohard wewouldneverhavefinishedtheprojectontime Ifhedidn thavesuchabignose he dbehandsome not unlesshehadsuchabignose Iftheycan tagreeonthetermsofthecontract thenastrikeisinevitable ifandincaseWeuseincasetotalkaboutdoingsomethingbecausesomethingelsemighthappenlater Compare I lldrawsomemoneyoutofbankifIneedit I lldrawitoutatthetimewhenIneedit I lldrawsomemoneyoutofbankincaseIneedit I lldrawitoutbecauseImightneeditlater As solongas providing provided that Wecanalsousetheseexpressionstoexpressacondition Youcanrenewabookinwritingaslongas solongasyougiveitsnumber Providing that noonehasanyfurtherquestions themeetingwilladjourn Wearewillingtoacceptyourofferproviding onconditionthatpaymentismadewithinsevendays Were should hadandinversion WereIyou Iwouldnotdothat ifIwereyou Shouldanyonering pleasetakeamessage ifanyoneshouldring HadIknownaboutit Iwouldhavetoldyou ifIhadknownaboutit Wecanseethatwithwere had should sometimesifisleftoutandthesubjectandverbareinverted onlyif ifonly Pleasecompletethesesentenceswithonlyif ifonly1 Thesecanbeused thereisanemergency onlyif 2 Mychildrenwill eatabreakfastcereal theyhaveseenitonTVfirst only if 3 He llcome he sorderedto onlyif 4 Ihadanextracopy I dgladlygiveittoyou ifonly 5 shehadbeenwearingaseatbelt shecouldhavesurvivedthecrash ifonly Conclusion Weuseonlyiftoemphasizeaspecialcondition 1 Wesometimesputthewordonlybeforetheverbinthemainclause 2 Wecanuseifonlyinunrealconditionalswhenweexpresswishes 4 orregrets 5 Evenif eventhough Weuseevenif despitethepossibilitythat tosaythataconditionmayexist butitwon taffectthefutureorpossiblesituationdescribedinthemainclause Weuseeventhough despitethefactthat totalkabouttheexistenceofaconditionthatwon taffectthepastorpresentsituationinthemainclause We llhaveagreattime itrains evenif Wehadagreattime itrained eventhough BritishHistorywasn tarequiredsubject I denjoylearningaboutit Evenif Matthewneverstudies hepassesallthetexts Eventhough Whether ornot Wecanusewhetherinsteadofifwhenthereareoptions twoormorepossibilities Wecanusewhetherornotwhenoneoftheoptionsisthenegativeoftheother Weoftenputornotattheendoftheclause especiallywhenwebeginthesentencewithwhether Whetherwewinorlose wealwaysenjoyplaying Theyaregoingtosendreliefsupplieswhetherornotthefightinghasended Whetherit srainingornot they redeterminedtoplaygolftomorrow Notethatwecanalsosay ifit srainingornot Ifso ifnot Whenwewanttoreferbacktosomethingwhichhasalreadybeenmentioned wecanreducetheif clause Thereareseveralwaysofdoingthi