新世纪英语学案 B2U1 Travelling Aroung China - Notes

Unit OneTravelling Around ChinaTextIntroduction:1. tiring but fun 中文：_ tiring a. 令人疲劳的，使人疲倦的tired a. 感到疲劳的，感到疲倦的 = _ tire vt. 使疲劳，使疲倦 tire sb. out 累人；使极度劳累be tired of sth. / doing sth. 对厌烦 fun n. 乐趣for fun 为了消遣make fun of 开玩笑 Practice: 1) The long talk wasB _ and all of us were _ of it. A. tired; tiringB. tiring; tiredC. tiring; tiringD. tired; tired2) 你对于整个上午弹钢琴感到厌烦吗？ (tired)English: _3）这个短途旅行如此累人, 我再也走不动了。(sothat)English: _4） Jack是唯一一个会取笑她英语口语的人。(fun)English: _5）据报道，这个课程（course）枯燥但有用。(but)English: _2. How you travel often determines whether you travel will be a success or a failure.中文：_ determine v. 决定 = _determine to do sth. / that 决定做某事 determined a. 坚决的，下定决心的be determined to do sth. / that 决心做某事 success n. _ 成功做到某事 _ failure n. _ 未能做成某事 _Practice: 1）We areB _ to dedicate ourselves to our motherland. A. decidedB. determinedC. scheduledD. hurried2） 我们决定立刻采取行动来改善英语。(determine)English: _3） 明天是否下雨决定了我们是否能按时完成任务。(determine)English: _Part 1: By Train = _3. generally speaking 一般而言，一般说来frankly speaking _ relatively speaking _ _ speaking严格来说_ speaking粗略地说Practice: 1A） _ speaking, the prices of most products were higher in 2008 than in 2006. A. GenerallyB. ProperlyC. FreelyD. Really2） 一般而言，人们习惯Generally speaking, people are used to putting the alarm clocks within arms reach.于把闹钟放在他们伸手可及的地方。(within arms reach)English: _3）相对来说，这个结果并不重要。(matter)English: _4. efficient a. (sb)能干的，胜任的；(sth) 高效率的 _ n. 效率Practice: 1） 一位能干的秘书 _2） There is nothing asC _ as a bunch of facts to spoil a good rumor (谣言). A. sufficientB. efficientC. effectiveD. motive3） In order to become a fast andA _ surfer on the Internet, one has to learn something about “Netspeak” or “Webspeak” language. A. efficientB. effectiveC. effortD. affect4）他是个动作很快的、能干的办事人员，老板对他很满意。（so that）English: _5. depend on1) 取决于 = be decided by2) 依据，依靠 = rely ondepend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事 be dependent on依赖，依靠 _be independent of不依靠别人的；（经济上）独立的；有独立见解的 _Practice: 1） It _ onA how you deal with the question. A. dependsB. reliesC. countsD. trusts2）一切都取决于她一切都取决于她喜欢不喜欢这个老板。喜欢不喜欢It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not. 这个老板。English: _3）你别指望他You can never depend on his arriving on time. 准时到达。English: _4）万物生长靠All living things depend on the sun for their growth.太阳。(depend)English: _6. journey n. （长途的）旅行cf. travel 旅行（总称） trip （短途）旅行，旅程 tour 旅行，观光，巡回演出或比赛 voyage 航行，远航Practice: 1）The palace was rebuilt1. A 2. C and looked beautiful. Some people asked for a _ of the inside. A. tourB. travelC. journeyD. trip2）Have a good . A. tripB. tourC. journeyD. voyage3）那条船在首次航行The ship went under on its first voyage. 时就沉没了。English: _4）他出差He has gone on a business trip.了。English: _5）We went on a guided tour round我们跟着导游参观了城堡。 the castle. 中文：_Part 2: By Ship = _7. A number of sea routes exist that can take you from one seaport to another along the coast of China.中文：_ exist vi. 存在 existence n. 存在，生存 come into existence = come into being 开始产生，问世；成立，建立Practice: 1）Few animals1. A 2. When did the Earth come into existence? can _ in the frozen waters of the Arctic. A. existB. keepC. travelD. limit2）地球是什么时候开始形成的？(existence)English: _3）没有空气人就不能Man cannot exist without air.生存。English: _8. pass through 1）经过，通过 2）经历，遭受Practice: 1） The proverb1. C 2. The waterway is wide enough for several ships to pass through at the same time. was _ from generation to generation. A. passed overB. passed throughC. passed downD. passed away2） 这条河很宽, 足以使几条船同时通过。（pass）English: _3） Its amazing鉴于他经历过的种种遭遇，他的乐观令人惊叹。 that he is still optimistic considering all that hes been passing through.中文：_ 9. historic sites 历史古迹 historic a. 具有历史意义的；历史上著名的（重要的） historical a. 历史上的，与历史有关的 _历史小说a historical novela historical figurea historic victorya historic momenta historical backgrounda historical significancea history book_历史人物_ 历史性的胜利_历史时刻_历史背景_历史意义_历史书Practice: 1) In _ Chinese1. A 3. The book is based on historical events. culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children. A. traditionalB. historicC. remoteD. initial2) May 4, 1919 is a historic1919 年5月4日是有重大历史意义的一天。 day.中文：_3) 这本书是根据历史事件写成的。(based)English: _ Part 3： By Air10. limited a. 有限的；不多的 limit n. 限度；极限Practice: 1) 会员只限Key: 1. Membership is limited to women. 2. How can we make best use of our limited natural resources? 3. 我会尽力帮忙, 但我所能做的也是有限度的。于女性。(limited)English: _ 2) 我们怎么才能最好地利用我们有限的自然资源呢？(make use of)English: _ 3) Ill help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do. 中文：_11. pay for: (1) 为某事吃苦头或受罚，付出代价pay paid paid (2) 付款，偿还 Practice: 1) After working hard for ten years, she finally _ all her debts. A. paid forB. paid toC. paid backD. paid off2) 你得为你的罪行付出代价。 (pay)English: _ 3) Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car? English: _ Key: 1. D 2. Youll have to pay for your crime. 3. 我只是出于好奇想问一下你买这辆车花了多少钱？4) This time-saving advantage has to be paid for.中文：_12. available a.（1） (sth)可得到的；可使用的 sth be available to sb（2） (sb)有空的PracticeKey: 1. A 2. All types of computers are available to you in this shop. Air tickets are available to people through the Internet. : 1) Most of the staff is away today so youll have to see whoever is _. A. availableB. accessibleC. obtainableD. advisable2) 这个商店里你可以买到所有款式的电脑。English: _ 3) 如今，人们可以通过网络买到飞机票。English: _ Part 4：By Bus13. on schedule 按期，按时cf. ahead of schedule 提前 behind schedule 晚点，落后于预定计划 be scheduled to do 计划做某事 PracticeKey: 1. C 2. Because of the heavy fog, we arrived at school behind schedule. 3. 他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎的却落后了。4. In spite of all the difficulties, we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule.: 1） As they had everything they needed, they were able to finish the task _. A. behind scheduleB. before scheduleC. ahead of scheduleD. in schedule2） 由于大雾，我们没能按时到校。(behind)English: _ 3）He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.中文：_4） 尽管有许多困难，我们还是提前完成了任务。(in spite of)English: _ 5)这本历史小说计划在下周二发布。English: _ Part 5: By Bicycle14. mentionKey: 1. As is mentioned above, the result of the experiment is wrong.2. Although he is the witness of the traffic accident, he didnt mention it to the police.3. Every time/ Whenever I mention playing football, he says hes too busy. v. 说起，提到Practice: 1) 正如之前提到的那样，这个实验结果是错误的。(As)English: _2) 虽然他是这起交通事故的目击者，但他没有向警察提及过这点。(mention)English: _3) 每次我一提踢足球的事，他就说他太忙了。English: _ Dont mention it. 不用谢，没关系 15. fill up sth. / fill sth. up 装满（填写，填充，填塞，堵塞）Key: 1. His office began to be filled up with people.2. After the heavy rain, the storage tanks were filled up again. PracticeKey: 1. C 2. Because of the heavy fog, we arrived at school behind schedule. 3. 他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎的却落后了。4. In spite of all the difficulties, we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule.: 1) 他的办公室里挤满了人。(fill)English: _ 2) 那场暴雨过后，蓄水池(the storage tanks)又满了。(fill)English: _ 16. native n. 本地人，本国人a. 本地的，本国的，出生地的 a native of Shanghaithe natives = the localsnative land / country = _母语使用者 be native to这种花原产于巴西。English: _ locala.地方的a local newspaper (not national or worldwide)Vocabulary IIVocabulary for Listening and Speaking1. sort outv. 挑选出，（从中）区分出来，解决e.g. Climbing that mountain will certainly sort out the men from the boys. 爬一下那座山就知道谁行谁不行了。Have you sorted out how to get there yet? 你解决了怎么到达那里的问题了吗?PracticeKey: 1. We must sort out the good apples from the bad. 2.We have got to sort out our working relationship.: 1) 咱们得把好苹果拣出来，同坏的分开。 (sort out)English: _ 2) 我们要理顺我们的工作关系。(sort out)English: _ Additional Reading1. rate vt./ vi. 估价，认为，被认为n. 比率；（运动、变化等的）速度；进度费用，价格 at any rate 无论如何 Practice: 1）We droveKey: 我们以平稳的速度开车。At any rate the task must be fulfilled.I would rate this wine as the finest I have ever tasted. at a steady rate.中文：_2) 无论如何，任务必须完成。English: _ 3) 我认为这种酒是我所品尝过的最好的酒。(rate)English: _ 2. sight n. 视力，视觉；眼界，视域；观看；瞥见；奇观，常用复名胜 have long far sight 远视；远见 have short near sight 近视，缺乏远见 in sight 看得见 out of sight看不见，在视线之外 vt. （初次）看见，发现 vi. （用仪器）瞄准；察看3. Not only is it the largest in Asia, but it is also rated as one of the most spectacular oceanariums in the world.中文：_ not only. but (also). 连接两个分句，当not only位于句首，前一个分句常用倒装来表示强调，而but (also)后的分句仍用陈述语序。1) Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat. 中文：_2) 李小姐不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢Not only does Miss Li like music, but (also) she likes sports.Not only did he speak English correctly， but also he speaks it fluently.体育。English: _3) 他不但英语说得正确，还说得很流利。English: _Structures:The Passive Voice of Phrasal VerbsA. 被动语态结构1一般现在时的被动结构： am is are done.2一般过去时的被动结构： was were done. 3含情态动词的被动结构： canmaymustought to/need/should be done. 4一般将来时的被动结构： be going to will be done。 5现在进行时的被动结构： be being done. 6现在完成时的被动结构： havehas been done. 7. 过去完成时的被动结构： had been done8.一般过去时的被动结构： would be doneB. 被动语态的用法1双宾语的被动语态1)show, give sb.sth.=show, give sth. to sb.2)buy, get, sb. sth.=buy, get, sth. for sb.2复合宾语的被动语态 make/see/hear/watch sb. do sth. =sb. be made/seen/heard/watched to do sth.3特殊疑问句的被动语态Who destroyed my bicycle？- Who was my bicycle destroyed by?- By whom was my bicycle destroyed?4. 动词短语的被动语态结构主动形式被动形式动词+副词fill upbe filled up动词+副词+介词look forward to be looked forward to动词+介词pay forbe paid for动词+名词+介词pay attention tobe paid attention to一些动词短语用于被动语态时，应当看作一个整体，而不能遗漏其中的介词、名词或副词。ExerciseHe will be operated on by the best surgeon. 他将由最好的外科医生给他动手术。This matter has been carefully looked into. 此事已经得到仔细地调查。These problems have been seriously thought over. 这些问题已得到认真考虑。The lights are turned off at 11 p.m. every day. 每天晚上11点钟关灯。The fire was soon put out.那场大火很快被扑灭。Women were looked down upon in the past. 妇女过去受到歧视。The lost time must be made up for.失去的时间必须补回来。The children have been taken good care of. 这些孩子得到了很好地照顾。What they did have been paid great attention to. 他们所做的一切已受到极大的关注。Time is precious and should be made full use of. 时间宝贵，应该充分利用。 1: Complete the sentences.1. 他将由最好的外科医生给他动手术。 He will _ by the best surgeon. 2. 此事已经得到仔细地调查。(look into) This matter _. 3. 这些问题已得到认真考虑。(think over)These problems _.4. 每天晚上11点钟关灯。The lights _.5. 那场大火很快被扑灭。(put out)The fire _.6. 妇女过去受到歧视。 (look down upon)Women _ in the past. 7. 失去的时间必须补回来。(make up for)The lost time _.8. 自从那时起，这些孩子得到了很好地照顾。The children_.9. 他们所做的一切已受到极大的关注。What they did _.10. 时间宝贵，应该充分利用。Time is precious and _.C.不能用被动语态的情况：1. 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组(rise, fall, go, come, sit, stand)；2. 表示状态的谓语动词词组，如last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、look like、consist of等；3. 表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等4. 表示“希望，意图”的动词，如wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等5. 不能用于被动语态的动词短语：agree with同意shake hands witharrive at / insucceed insuffer fromconsist oftake part inbreak outcome outcome upcome truefall asleepkeep silencelose hearttake place6. 主动语态表示被动意义的4种情况：1) feel、look、smell、taste、sound、remain、appear、seem、stay、become等连系动词后面接形容词时；2) 当cut、sell、wash、write、open、lock等词描述主语的性质特点时；3) 当动词表示“开始，结束，关，停，转，启动”等意义时start、end、shut off、 work out;e.g.： The plan worked out successfully. 4) want、require、need主动表示被动意义时;5) be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动意义。Exercise 2: Find and correctKey:1. have been kept2. was founded3. can be avoided4. hanging / to be hung5. happened6. was sent7. is being raised8. broke out9. being invited10. are suffering the mistakes in the following sentences.1) The athletes have kept busy preparing the Olympics since the beginning of the year.2) Do you have any idea when the United States were founded?3) If you read the instructions carefully, mistakes on the test paper can avoid.4) The wet clothes need being hung near the fire.5) Last night when he called at my home, I was happened not to be there.6) He sent to work in the countryside after graduating from the university.7) With the development of science and technology, the peoples living standard is raising.8) The second World War was broken out in 1931.9) He took part in Toms birthday party without inviting.10) Although we are suffered from serious disaster, we are sure to overcome all the difficulties.Exercise 3: Change