American Education美国教育ppt课件

AmericanEducation AmericanEducation MainContents 1 History2 System3 Comparison4 Somefamousuniversities5 Thefuture TwofactorsmadetheeducationofAmericastart Thisimmigrationofhighereducationbackgroundmadethemattachgreatimportancetoeducation AndtheearlyimmigrantsfromEnglandneededakindofculturetohelpthemunderstandTheBiblebythemselvesbecauseoftheirdevotiontoreligion EducationintheU S History ThePuritanssetupschoolsasinstinctivelyastheysetupchurches 1 TheBostonLatinSchoolin1635 2 HarvardCollegein1636 3 Theytooktheirfirststeptowardestablishingasystemofpublicschools 4 In1647 Massachusettspassedaradicallaw whichrequiredeverytowntoprovideitschildrenwithschoolsandschoolmasters InJune1753 BenjaminFranklindecidedthenew modelcollegewouldfocusontheprofessions withclassestaughtinEnglishinsteadofLatin havesubjectmatterexpertsasprofessorsinsteadofonetutorleadingaclassforfouryears andtherewouldbenoreligioustestforadmission EducationintheU S History TheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates whothemselveswereeducators laiddowntheprinciplesandinstitutionsofeducationwhichstillflourish OfalltheFoundingFathers itwasThomasJeffersonwhocontributedmosttoAmericaneducationalphilosophyandpractice ItwasJeffersonwho inhisoldage builtalmostsingle handed thefirstgreatstateuniversityinAmerica theUniversityofVirginia TheoriginabouttheEducationoftheUSA EducationinAmericancanbetrackedbacktothepuritansintheearly17thcentury theythinkeverypersonshouldbeabletoreadtheBibleIn1634theyopeneda Laingrammer schoolforthosewhowantedtopreperforcollege In1636 Harydwasfoundedforthetrainingofreligiousministers During1630s 1640s Lawswerepassedforcompulsoryeducationforallchildrenandpublictaxationforschools In1647 Massachusettspassedaradicallaw whichrequiredeverytowntoprovideitschildrenwithschoolsandschoolmasters TheLaws ElementaryandSecondaryEducationAct 美国中小学教育法 isthebasiceducationactoftheUnitedStates whichreflectsthefederalgovernment srequirementsforthenationalpublicbasiceducationschools TheHigherEducationAct 高等教育法案 AdoptionoftheHigherEducationActAmendmentsof1992formalizedasignificantshiftinfederalfinancialaidpolicyfromgrantstoloans HigherEducationOpportunityAct 高等教育机会法案 TheHigherEducationOpportunityAct PublicLaw110 315 HEOA wasenactedonAugust14 2008 andreauthorizestheHigherEducationActof1965 asamended HEA GeneralProvisionofEducationAct 教育总则法 EducationintheU S EducationalSystems GeneralintroductionEarlychildhoodeducationPrimaryandsecondaryschoolsHighereducationSupplementaryinformation GeneralIntroduction Americansareproudofthefactthatthewindowofknowledgeisneverslammedshutforanyofthenation scitizens Childrenareallowedtoattendclasseswithkidsofvariousraces schoolshaveequalopportunitiesforbothmalesandfemales andforchildrenwithdisabilitiesorhandicaps Noweachandeverystudentcangetanequalchancetobeeducated Americanpublicschoolshavefourbasiccharacteristicsincommon theyarelocallycontrolled freefromreligiousinfluence coeducational andpubliclysupportedbytaxes TheAmericaneducationofalltypesandatalllevelsjoineachotherinstructureandcommunicatewitheachotherupanddown Atanyrate fromelementaryschoolthroughcollege Americansholdthebeliefthateveryonedeservesafairandequalopportunitytogetagoodeducation andthatpartoftheresponsibilityofthegovernmentistomakesurethatsuchanopportunityisnotdeniedtoanyoneofthem Oneofthestrikingfeatures differAmericaneducationsystemfromotherEuropeancountries educationsystem callamonorailsystem Itformedinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandcanbespecificallydividedintothebottom upstructure primaryschool secondaryschool andthenuniversity Rail isthenumberofclassinonegrade ElementarySchool MiddleSchool HighSchool HigherEducation TypesofSchools PublicSchools Financedwithtaxmoney Facetoall K 12 PrivateSchools ReligiousorwithaparticulareducationalphilosophyHomeSchools Parentsteachingchildrenathome publiceducation Between1825and1850 publiceducationwasestablishedinAmerica PubliceducationisuniversallyrequiredattheK 12level andisavailableatstatecollegesanduniversitiesforallstudents K 12publicschoolcurricula budgets andpoliciesaresetthroughlocallyelectedschoolboards whohavejurisdictionoverindividualschooldistricts Stategovernmentssetoveralleducationalstandards oftenmandatestandardizedtestsforK 12publicschoolsystems andsupervise usuallythroughaboardofregents statecollegesanduniversities Fundingcomesfromthestate local andfederalgovernment Privateschools Privateschoolsaregenerallyfreetodeterminetheirowncurriculumandstaffingpolicies withvoluntaryaccreditationavailablethroughindependentregionalaccreditationauthorities About87 ofschool agechildrenattendpublicschools about10 attendprivateschools andmorethan3 arehomeschooled HomeSchools Inhomeschooling parentsteachtheirownchildrenUsuallydoneforreligiousreasonsorbecauseparentsareunhappywithpublicschoolsApproximately2 2 ofAmericanchildrenarehomeschooled Tests SAT ScholasticAssessmentTest学术评价测验ScholasticAptitudeTest学术性向测验ACT AmericanCollegeTestingGRE GraduateRecordExamination美国研究生入学考试 Degrees Collegegrades fromhighesttolowest runABCDF AnFisafailinggrade Aftercompletingfouracademicyearswithacceptablegradesinanapprovedcourseofstudy thestudentearnsBachelorofArtsorBachelorofSciencedegree Amaster sdegreecanbeearnedbyoneortwoacademicyearsofstudybeyondthebachelor sdegree APh D degreeusuallytakesatleastthreeyearsbeyondthemaster s AmericanvsBritainvsChina finalexaminations mid termexaminations China Studyinclassroomallday America Emphasizesocialpractice China EmphasizemechanicalmemorizingAmerica Emphasizechildren powerofunderstanding CharacteristicsofAmericanEducationInmanyfieldsandindustries theAmericaneducationalsystemisrecognizedasofferingthemostcutting edge sought afterprogramsattheworld sbestschools ThatiswhywebelievegraduatingfromanaccreditedAmericanschoolandbeingexposedtotherigorsoftheAmericaneducationalsystemisasoundinvestmentinyourchild sfuture Americanschoolsofferaholisticprogramthatencouragesabroadeducationalexperienceinbothcurricularandco curricularareas TheIvyLeague 常青藤盟校 Someofthebest knownprivateuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesarelocatedintheNortheast TheyaretheoldestonesinAmericaaswell knowninformallyastheIvyLeague TheseincludeHarvard Yale Princeton Brown Columbia Cornell Dartmouth andUniversityofPennsylvania withthefirstthreeknownas TheBigThree HarvardUniversity HarvardCollegewasestablishedin1636 Itwasnamedforitsfirstbenefactor JohnHarvardofCharlestown ayoungministerwhouponhisdeath lefthislibraryandhalfhisestatetothenewinstitution YaleUniversity YaleUn