学术类Task1写作常用词.doc

学术类Task1写作常用词 Task One一 主章开头图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion二 表示数据一般：have 10%; at 10%;over 10%最高（低）点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point)bottomed out; reached the bottom变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climbdecrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reducefluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly轻微的、略微地stable/stably 稳定的表示范围：fromto betweenand for to 多长时间直到表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多nearly adv. 几乎，密切地approximately adv. 近似的，大约about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围just over 刚超过over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾exactly adv. 正确地，严密地precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地比例：20 per cent 20%one in three 1/3one out of every four 1/4三。常用词significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长distribute 分布，区别unequally 不相等地pronounced 明显的average 平均no doubt 无疑地corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的represent vt. 阐述，表现overall 总体上讲except 除外in the case of adv. 在的情况下in contrast 相反，大不相同in conclusion adv. 最后，总之in comparison 相比之下inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地in general 通常，大体上，一般而言rang fromexcessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外lower v.降低，跌落elapse vi.（时间）过去，消逝category n.种类government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规率measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测 IELTS写作常用词语 WAYSOFSHOWINGANDAVOIDINGCOMMITMENT Waysofshowingcommitment Usefirstpersonpronounassubject: I,We Useverbswithfirstpersonsubject: advocate,believe,feel,know,mean,think,understand Usepersonalizedexpressions: itseemstome,itappears,frommypointofview,inmyview,inmyopinion Useattitudinalsignalssuchas: assuredly,certainly,definitely,indisputably,undeniably,undoubtedly,unquestionably clearly,obviously,plainly fortunately,unfortunately,unhappily significantly rightly,wrongly Useverbslikeshould,must,oughtto Waysofhedgingoravoidingcommitment Avoidusingfirstpersonpronouns Useimpersonalsubjects,suchasit Usepassivevoicesoastoavoidspecifyinganagentordoersuchas: Itcanbeimaginedthat. Largenumbersofforeignstudentshavebeenadmitted. Useverbs(oftenwithanimpersonalsubject)suchas: hear,guess,imagine,suggest,suppose signalssuchas: apparently,arguably,hypothetically,ideally,possibly,seemingly,superficiallyhopefully,strangely,unexpectedly,regrettably Useverbssuchas: could,would,may,might MARKERS OF COMPARISON AND CONTRAST Comparison within sentences X is X and Y are X is very quite rather like Y similar similar to Y in terms of with respect to with regard to quality/size/ expense etc. X resembles Y in that they are both large/expensive etc. X is exactly precisely just virtually almost nearly the same as Y. Both X and Y are large/expensive etc. X is as large as Y. X is no larger than Y. X is the same size as Y. X is costly to buy and it is (also) costly to maintain. Comparison between sentences X is expensive to buy. Similarly, Likewise, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, it is expensive to maintain/operate etc. Contrast within sentences X is unlike Y X differs from Y X and Y differ X is different from Y X contrasts with Y with respect to with regard to in terms of size/expense etc. in that X is smaller/more expensive etc. X has four Zs, whereas while but yet although Y has three. Y is X is considerably a great deal (very)much rather somewhat a little slightly only just scarcely smaller than X. larger than Y. Contrast between sentences X is expensive to buy. However, Conversely, By/In contrast, On the other hand, it is cheap to operate/maintain etc. 雅思作文折桂 1.图表作文。 这些词整理一下包括：increase decreaserise dropgrow fallshoot up(非常得快) declinereach a peakreach a numberfluctuate(wildly/mildly)_ level off, to stablize,to maintain a trend形容快慢的词：rapid(ly) *dramatical(ly) *slight*sharp(ly) *gradual(ly)*quick(ly)*superising(ly)sluggish(ly) *stead带* 的我比较常用：）还有就是注意要比较数据之间的关系(same ,similar,twice.)，通常在文章的结尾给出一定的猜想，例如趋势什么的。还有实心的线(solid line)，虚线(break line),点线(dot line) 图表作文，要看到就写，因为就是让你描述这个图说了什么，数据之间的关系，所以不用想太多，留点时间给下面的部分。第一句话经常是： this graph shows(illustrates)2.不知道怎么叫（呵呵）还有就是句式的结构，只要不出大的错误叫好。经常用的连词有这样一些：however,on the other hand,furthermore,in addition,表示因果的：result in , lead to,result from.consequently还有一些，在北外的写作那本书上有，那本书这点不错的，还有一些其他方面的练习，对考试很有帮助。好了说说最重要的组织结构吧：第一段，一般是概括全文 ,首先一般是定义，要是单独的argument, 这种文章你就发表一方面的观点就行了，同意或反对，这种文章，接下来就要说你的观点了，然后就是outline, 就是你同意的理由的总结，一般是给出几点理由，然后以后的文章就按照这种理由的顺序来写,每个理由分成一段。这样的文章让人感觉到结构比较紧密。最后一段就是总结，一般用的就是in conclusion,sum up 什么的。如果是discussion, 就是说你要说两方面，要是写成这样的文章比较难，因为时间不够，两方面阐述比较累，但是要是有的题目不这样写不行，那么通常的结构是：第一段定义以后 要学双方面存在的优点和缺点，我给的我的文章的advertising 就是那样的（那篇文章我抄用了不少我认为不错的句子），然后就是整体的outline 分别有双方面的理由。然后的以后的段落，基本上是先说你的最后不同意的观点，1段