外研版高中英语必修三module3课件2

MODULE 3 TheViolenceofNature Grammar PresentPerfectTense 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 也可表示过去已经开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态 构成 主语 have has 过去分词 其他 当主语是第三人称单数时用has 其余人称用have 过去分词 规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同 不规则动词需要特殊记忆 否定式 主语 haven t hasn t 过去分词 其他 疑问式 Have Has 主语 过去分词 其他 简略答语 Yes 主语 have has 肯定 No 主语 haven t hasn t 否定 ThePastPerfectTense 定义 表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果 过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续 发生在前的那个动作 过去的过去 二 基本结构 主语 had 过去分词vpp done 肯定句 主语 had 过去分词 否定句 主语 had not 过去分词 一般疑问句 Had 主语 过去分词 肯定回答 Yes 主语 had 否定回答 No 主语 hadnot 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词或词组 一般疑问句 Had 主语 过去分词 被动语态 主语 had hadn t been 过去分词 Grammar1Thepastperfectpassive Bytheendofthematch theyhadkickedtwogoals Wehadalreadyhadlunchbeforewearrivedthere 过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态 其构成形式为 助动词had 过去分词 now past future 过去完成 现在完成 过去完成式表示在过去某个时刻之前已经完成的动作 Thepastperfectpassive Thepastperfect Thepassivevoice过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 1 肯定结构 主语 hadbeendone 其他成分 2 否定结构 主语 hadnotbeendone 其他成分 3 疑问句结构 had 主语 beendone 其他成分 疑问词 had 主语 beendone 其他成分 1 Bytheendoflastmonth theworkhadbeenfinished 2 Theboywasremindedthathishomeworkhadnotbeenhandedin 3 Theworkwasdoneearlierthanithadbeenplanned 4 Assoonastheirhomeworkhadbeenassigned theystartedtodoit 5 Theyleftafterthedoorhadbeenlocked 用法 a在told said knew heard thought等动词后的宾语从句 Shesaid that shehadneverbeentoParis b状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中 发生在先 用过去完成时 发生在后 用一般现在时 Whenthepolicearrived thethieveshadrunaway c表示意向的动词 如hope wish except think intend mean suppose等 用过去完成时表示 原本 未能 Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome butyoudidn t 过去完成时的时间状语before by until when after once assoonas HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore Bythetimehewastwelve Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty 使用过去完成时的几个典型句型 一 主语 过去完成时 when引导的从句 注 从句谓语动词为过去式 bythetime引导的从句 注 从句谓语动词为过去式 before引导的从句 注 从句谓语动词为过去式 We fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear A hadlearnedB havelearnedC learnedD willhavelearned 实例详解 根据by短语中的lastyear得知 正确选项为A 2 Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests whenhe attheparty A left hadarrivedB left arrivedC hadleft hadarrivedD hadleft arrived 正确答案为D guests先 离开 Tom后 到达 1Afterthehurricane Mary see thattheroofofherhouse disappear 2She return homeand find allherfurniture ruin bytheflood 3Arthurwassurprisedwhenhe arrive homebecausethetornado take thefeathersoffhischickens saw haddisappeared returned found hadbeenruined arrived hadtaken P24 4We leave thehousewhenthethunderstorm finish 5He try todrivebacktohishomebeforetheflood pass throughthevillage left hadfinished tried passed destroydiefallfloodkill 1Aftertheearthquake theydiscoveredthatseveralpeople 2Whenthehurricaneended severalbuildingsinthetown 3Hisvillage intheheavyrain sohemovedtohisparents house hadbeenkilled hadbeendestroyed hadbeendestroyed P24 destroydiefallfloodkill 4Whenshewokeup shefoundthatherhouse bythethunderstorm 5Arthurwasunhappybecausesomeofhisanimals haddied hadbeendestroyed 高考链接 1 Attheendofthemeeting itwasannouncedthatanagreement 2007江苏 A hasbeenreachedB hadbeenreachedC hasreachedD hadreached2 Johnhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseitseriously 2007上海春 A damagedB wasbeingdamagedC haddamagedD hadbeendamaged 3 Experimentsofthiskind inboththeU S andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar 2011北京 A haveconductedB havebeenconductedC hadconductedD hadbeenconducted 1 他到学校的时候 第一节课已经上完了 Bythetimehegottotheschool thefirstperiod 2 老师进来之前教室已经打扫干净了 Theclassroom beforetheteachercame 3 这个建筑我六岁就建好了 Thebuilding whenIwas6 hadbeenfinished hadn tbeencleaned 汉译英 hadbeenbuilt Grammar2Indirectspeech Hesaid I mstillworkingbecausethereisalottodo Hesaidthathewasstillworkingbecausetherewasalottodo 引述别人的话叫直接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句 直接引语前后加引号 间接引语不用加 1 直接引语变为间接引语的时态变化 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去完成时 2 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语的变化 that those then thatday thatweek month theweekbefore twodaysbefore thenextweek there 1 引用的句子是陈述句时 间接引语可以用宾语从句的形式 1 Shesaid IlikeEnglishverymuch ShesaidshelikedEnglishverymuch 2 Bettysaid I llbewaitingforyourcall Bettysaidthatshewouldbewaitingformycall 1 Theteacheraskedme DoyoulikeEnglish TheteacheraskedmeifIlikedEnglish 2 Heasked You vealreadyfinishedyourhomework haven tyou Heaskedif whetherwehadalreadyfinishedourhomework 2 直接引语为一般疑问句 反意疑问句或选择疑问句 可以改成以if whether 陈述句的形式 3 Heaskedme Doyouwanttostayatahoteloratmyhome HeaskedmewhetherIwantedtostayatahotelorhishome 4 Sheaskedus You refromthesamecity aren tyou Sheaskedwhetherwecamefromthesamecity 3 引语为特殊疑问句时 可以保留疑问词 后跟陈述句 1 Heaskedme Whereareyougoing HeaskedmewhereIwasgoing 2 Sheaskedhim Whomdoyouwanttosee Sheaskedhimwhomhewantedtosee 4 引用祈使句时 间接引语用不定式 主句动词根据句子意义 可用ask want tell order promise advise等词代替 1 Theteachersaidtothestudent Don tbelateagain Theteachertoldthestudentnottobelateagain 2 Wakehimup shesaidtome Shetoldmetowakehimup 5 过去时如有表示具体年份的状语 不必改变时态 Iwasbornin1980 Juliasaid Juliasaidthatshewasbornin1980 6 引语中含有must should would等情态动词时 不必改变时态 Youshouldbebackbysix shesaid ShesaidIshouldbebackbysix 7 当引用的事情为永恒的真理 依然存在的事情时 可以不必改变时态 1 Hesaidthattheearthrotatesaroundthesun 2 Hesaidthatthetrainleavesat6 30 1 Heasked forthecomputer A didIpayhowmuchB IpaidhowmuchC howmuchdidIpayD howmuchIpaid2 Haveyouseenthefilm heaskedme Heaskedme A hadIseenthefilmB haveIseenthefilmC ifIhaveseenthefilmD whetherIhadseenthefilm 3 Pleaseclosethewindow hesaidtome He me thewindow A saidto tocloseB toldto closingC asked tocloseD saidto pleaseclose4 Iamateacher Jacksaid Hesaid A thatIamateacherB IwasateacherC thatheisateacherD hewasateacher 5 Hesaid Mother theboyisverynaughty He verynaughty A saidhismotherthattheboywasB saidtohismotherthattheboyisC toldhismotherthattheboywasD spoketohismotherthattheboywas 6 You vealreadygotwell haven tyou sheasked Sheasked A ifI