lhy必修1 unit 4 language points.docx

必修1 unit4 earthquakes language points必修1 unit 4 language pointsshake v.摇动；震动；握手 n.摇晃；shake ones head 摇头shake hands with sb.=shake ones hand with sb.=shake sb. by the hand 握手shake with anger/fear/cold 气得发抖/吓得发抖/冻得发抖I gave my purse a shake, and a coin fell out.我摇了一下钱包,掉出一枚硬币。He shook his head and went away.He shook her hand warmly.他热情地与她握手。The poor boy was shaking with cold.They were badly shaken by the news.The earth was shaking.地球在震动。 His voice shook with fear. 他害怕得声音发抖。right away 立刻，马上at onceright now/offwithout delayin no time/in a minuteimmediately /instantlyIll return the book to you right away.You must have a doctor sent for right away.well n. 井adv.很好地；相当地 ; adj.健康的；良好的；适宜的int.好吧；啊; v. 涌出may /might well do sth. 很可能做某事may/might as well do sth. 不妨做某事，最好做某事Is she well enough to travel? 她身体康复, 能够旅行了吗?We used to get our water from a well.You may as well keep it a secret. 你最好将这件事保密。 What you say may well be true.你说的很可能是事实。smelly adj. 发臭的，有臭味的smell （系动词 ）闻起来 ；vt.vi. 闻；C/U.n. 气味，嗅觉 These are dirty, smelly clothes.这些是脏的、发出臭味的衣服。a smelly fishThe flowers smell sweet. 花朵散发芳香。You may smell the mixture and it smells terrible.I could smell that the milk was not fresh. 我闻得出牛奶不新鲜。The cheese was giving out a strong smell. 干酪散发出强烈的气味。a good sense of smell 很好的嗅觉rise (rose,risen) vi. 上升，上涨，站起来，起床 n. 增加，提高，加薪，上升 The river is rising after the rain.河水在雨后涨了起来。 She rises early in the morning.她早晨起得早。 She rose to greet her guests.她起身迎接客人。raise (raised,raised) vt.升起；举起；饲养；提出；引起；筹集 n. raise ones hand raise money for/collect money for raise a family raise ones head抬起头raise the flag升旗raise a question提出问题raise ones courage使某人鼓起勇气raise chickens 养鸡raise wheat 种植小麦too.to不定式表示肯定意思：1. too 后的形容词是表示心情或描述性的形容词：happy, pleased, willing, delighted, thankful, anxious,eager, easy, kind, good, interesting, pleasant等 too前可以有far much,only,but , all ,simply,just修饰2. too前有否定词.如：not, cant, never时3. can never be too.无论也不过分I am too delighted to accept your invitation.我非常高兴第接受你的邀请。It is never too late to learn. 活到老学到老You can never be too careful when crossing the street. 你过马路时怎样小心也不为过。Tom is only too glad to help you. 汤姆非常乐意帮助你。They are (all) too willing to take the opinions of others. 他们都非常愿意接受别人的意见。run out of.从中跑出来；用完，耗尽run out 被用完We are running out of time.Our time is running out.What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has run out？伴随状语：John wrote me a letter, telling me he would come here on Tuesday. My boss called me up, announcing the meeting date.Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.tens of thousands of 数以万计的hundreds of thousands of. 成千上万的hundreds and hundreds of. 成百上千的dozens ofscores ofleave +宾语+n./adj./adv./prep./ done/doing/to do 使某人处于某种状态He left all the windows open when he was sleeping.She ran away, leaving her boyfriend in the rain alone.Dont leave the guest standing outside.The guests left most of the dishes untouched.=Most of the dishes were left untouched by the guest.Dont leave the water running.Dont leave the light on with no one in the room.She left me to take care of her baby.She was left to organize the party herself.她只得自己亲自动手组织这次晚会。pipe n.管子；烟斗；管乐器 vt.以管输送；装管道；吹奏；a water pipe a gas pipe waste pipe 排水管smoke a pipe 抽烟斗Water is piped to the city.burst n. 爆发；破裂；阵 , 突然破裂 vt.vi.(burst,butst)爆裂；迸发；冲；闯a burst of laughter 一阵笑声burst into+ n. 突然闯入，突然开始.burst out +doing 突然开始burst in +(on/upon sth) 突然闯入，打扰，突然插嘴burst into tears=burst out cryinga burst of laughter 一阵大笑a burst in the water pipe 水管破裂处the burst of a balloon 气球爆了I put too much air into the bicycle tyre and it burst.我给自行车打气太足,车胎爆裂了。The balloon /pipe/dam burst.The river burst its banks.The door burst open.They burst the door open.He burst into the room.She burst into laughter/burst out laughing.burst into flamesI burst in on the meeting thinking the room was empty.event: C.n. 大事；事件；(体育)项目，赛事the chief events of 1997current events 时事A daughters marriage is quite an event for a mother.The Olympic games are important events in the sports world.directly adv.直接地；立即；正好地；完全 conj.一.就He answered me very directly and openly. 他非常直接坦率地回答了我。 Ill be there directly. 我立刻到那。I will telephone you directly I hear the news.我一听到消息, 马上打电话给你。direct adj.直接的；笔直的；坦白的 v.对准；指挥；指示；命令 adv. 径直地, 笔直地direction n. 方向May I ask you a direct question?I asked a little girl to direct me to the bus stop. 我请一个小姑娘告诉我怎么去汽车站。Who directed that movie we saw last night?(导演)The officer directed me to hand over my passport.(命令)Can we fly direct to Chicago?The road leads direct there.这条路直通那儿。think of 评价，认为think little of 轻视，小看，没把当回事think highly of 重视，对评价高=be highly thought ofthink well of 对看法好。=be well thought ofThe government thought highly of his invention because it would benefit the whole country.-I apologize to you for my rudeness yesterday, Mary.-Never mind, and I think little of it.He thinks nothing of staying up all night.The other scientists thought little of his theory.His film is well thought of by most people.as if/as though 好像引导表语从句或方式状语从句表语从句若可能是事实，从句不用虚拟语气，若从句内容与事实相反，则用虚拟语气。状语从句一般用虚拟语气。从句与现在时事相反-一般过去时从句与过去时事相反-过去完成时It looks as if well be late.She always talks to me as if she were my sister.He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.He treats me as if I were a stranger.He kept working as if nothing has happened.Tom put up his hand as if (he was ) to say something.He acts as if (he were ) a fool.at an end 结束come to an end 结束put sth. to an end=put an end to sth.bring sth. to an endin the end 最后，终于at the end of 在.结束时，在末端by the end of 到结束为止on end 连续，竖起来The war was finally at an end. The meeting came to an end at midnight.The terrible sight made her hair stand on end.It has been raining for days on end. 一连好几天连续下雨。Sometimes we work for 24 hours on end. 有时我们连续24小时工作。nation n. 民族，国家，国民national adj.国家的，民族的nationalism n. 民族主义nationalist n. 民族主义者nationality n. 国籍country n. 疆土，国土state n. 政权，政体，州，状态The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.cut across 穿过，抄近路穿过，横穿 We cut across the field to save timecut down 砍到，削减 cut down the trees The car industry cut down production.cut in vi. 插嘴，打断（谈话），超车，插队 Dont cut in on our conversation.cut off 停止供应吗，打断，中断，切断，使隔绝，孤立The village was cut off by the heavy snow.cut off the waterWe were cut off on the phone.cut through 抄近路穿过，开辟 He cut through a forest to get home.他穿过树林操近路回家。cut up 切碎，使难过，痛苦He was really cut up when all his friends refused to help him.cut up vegetables into small piecescut away 切除，剪掉 Why dont you cut away the dead branches from the tree?cut out 删掉，剪下来，裁剪cut out the first two chapterscut out an article from a newspaperruin n. 废墟，毁灭 vt. 毁灭，使破产be/lie in ruins 成为废墟，严重受损，破败不堪bring sth. to ruin 使毁灭/没落fall in/into ruin 灭亡，荒废go/come to ruin 灭亡，荒芜ruin 逐渐地、彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复。其主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。destroy 十分彻底地破坏，不能或很难修复，也可用作比喻意义，指希望、梦想等破灭，主语可是人或五。damage 可以修复，破损部分。只是使其不能发挥正常作用，意味着损坏后价值或效率降低，宾语一般为物。The castle now lies in ruins.The war brought that city to ruin.After the war the Japanese economy lay in ruins.The rain ruined our holiday.The storm ruined the crops.Several cares were damaged in the crash.The building was completely destroyed by fire.As soon as I heard the news, all my hopes were destroyed.suffering U.n. 苦难，痛苦sufferer C.n. 受苦受难者suffer vt.vi.Death finally brought an end to her suffering.死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。all the sufferings during the war timesuffer great losssuffer from a heart diseaseThey suffered a lot from the earthquake last year.分数、百分数二分之一： a half/one half 三分之一： a/one third四分之一 a/one quarter a /one(-) fourth三分之二：two(-) thirds五分之三： three quarters/ three(-) fifths10% ten percent分数/百分数+of+n. 做主语时，谓语由 n. 决定单复数。（population 除外）Three fourths of the students like watching movies.Fifty five percent of the area is covered by trees.At present about 38% of the Chinese population smoke.extreme adj. n.extremely adv.extreme weather conditionsextreme sportsinjure vt. 损害，伤害injured adj. injury n.hurt 肉体上的伤害，精神上，情感上的伤害injure 损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的丧失wound 枪伤，刀伤harm 伤害，危害（人的健康，权利，事业等）He was slightly injured in the accident.Smoking will injure your health.His refusal injured his pride.The injured were sent to hospital.reach v. 达到，达成（协议）；伸手够到抵达，到达； n.beyond ones reach 某人手不能及，某人够不到=out of ones reachwithin ones reach 某人伸手可及reach an agreement 达成协议everywhere conj. adv.Everywhere he goes, his dog follows him.Everywhere they appeared, they received support.I looked everywhere but I cant find it.gone adj. 表语 过去的，遗失了的；已死了的；用光了的；走了，一去不复返的Summer is gone. Is Tom here? No, he was gone before I arrived.All my hope is gone.be dead and gone 死了，与世长辞where is the coffee? Its all gone.cover n. 封皮，遮盖物，盖子;vt. 1) 覆盖 cover sth. with sth.=be covered with/by The field is covered by/with snow.He covered the table with a table cloth.2) 占地（面积），The city covers 35 square miles.3) 报道+sth.He was sent to America to cover the Winter Olympics.4) 走完（路程），读完（多少页书）Weve covered 40 miles during those two weeks in Spain.How many pages of the novel have you covered?5) 包括，涉及，The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.Most of the key points are covered in this book.6) 够支付 Will 10 cover the cost of a new skirt?十英镑够买一件新裙子吗? Do you have enough to cover all your household expenses?你的收入够家庭开销用吗?track C.n. 小径，小道；足迹，踪迹；车辙，线路，航路，铁轨，轨道，竞赛跑道v.追踪；跟踪keep track of 追踪，密切注意的情势发展，知道消息，记录lose track of 失去踪迹，失去与的联系，不了解动态track event 竞赛项目on the track of 跟踪握有线索We followed the tracks of the rabbit into the woods.我们循着兔子的足迹进入森林。 As a doctor, Brooks has to keep track of the latest development in medicine.作为一名医生,布鲁克斯必须了解医学的最新发展动态。Hes lost all track of her since they left school.自毕业后,他完全失去了和她的联系。It is useless to do sth.=It is useless doing sth.no use/no good doing sth.It is useless worrying about it.shock n .震惊；震动；冲击；休克 v.使震惊；使震动；使受电击shocking adj.shocked adj.It shocked sb. to see/hear.be shocked to do sth./at sth/by.a shock to sb.He was taken to hospital suffering from shock.他因休克被送进医院.His death was a great shock to us all. 他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。 Dont touch that wire or you will get a shock.We were all shocked at the news of his death.I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.His death shocked everyone.It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.be/lies/be located/be situated +距离+ to the +east/west/north/south of+ n.方位词前介词和the 可一起省去。Our school is situated four kilometers to the south of the station. North of the city is/lies a lake.India lies on the southwest of China.Japan lies in the east of Asia.Japan lies to the east of China.rescue v t.营救；援救 n.营救；救援come to ones rescue=rescue sb.rescue sb. from.a rescue teamrescue workersI came to his rescue by lending him some money.He rescued a boy from drowning.They are trying to rescue the company from ruin.trap n.圈套；陷阱；困境； v.设圈套；陷入（困境）be trapped in. 被困于.trap sb. into doing sb. 陷害/诱骗某人做某事The deer was caught in our trap.Thirty miners are still trapped in the mine仍有三十名矿工被困于井下。They were trapped in the burning hotel.他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.I feel trapped in my job.They trapped her into telling where the gift was hidden.部分否定：all,both,every-,与not 连用，always, wholly 与not 连用。全否定：no, none, neither,nothing,nobody,nevernot.any/eitherAll the students could not understand it.=Not all the students could understand it.Both of them havent read this story.=Not both of them have read this story.Not every man is honest.=Every man is not honest.Not everyone likes this book.=Everyone doesnt like this book.None of these things are/is mine.Nobody agrees with you.Nothing is ready.I dont like either of the two computers.=I like neither of the two computers.I dont know any of them.=I know none of them. dig out: (用铲或手)把某物挖出来，找到，翻出（很久没看到的或很难找到的东西）dig for 挖寻.dig up 挖出，掘起，找出，揭露dig into. 深入钻研Lets dig out the roots.Why did you dig out those old magazine?They are digging for treasure.Dig some fertilizer into the soil first.Ill dig up that plant and move it.They dug into Chinese history.他们深入研究了中国历史。bury vt. 埋葬bury oneself in (doing) sth. =be buried in (doing) sth. 埋头于.The paper was buried under a pile of books.She was buried beside her husbands grave.She buried her face in her hands and cried.She turned away, burying her face in the pillow.She was buried in her work.shelter n.避难所；庇护；庇护所 v.保护；隐匿；庇护shelter from 躲避shelter sb/sth from sth/v-ing 掩护/保护某人免受afford/furnish/ give/ offer/ provide shelter 给予庇护take shelter（from） 躲避The trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡风。The climbers had to shelter from the snowstorm in a mountain hut.登山队员不得不在山中的一个小棚中躲避暴风雪。You cant shelter your brother from blame in the accident.在这次事故中,你无法庇护你的弟弟免受责备。In the storm I took shelter under the tree. 暴风雨时，我正在树下躲避。Trees are a shelter from the sun.树木可以遮挡阳光。damage n. 损坏，破坏，损失 vt.损坏，伤害（局部）do/cause damage to sth. 对造成伤害Frost caused heavy damage to the crops.The fire caused great damage to the houses.The bridge was badly damaged by the flood.Smoking can damage your teeth.frighten v.fright n.frightening adj.frightened adv.frighten sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事frighten sb. out of doing sth.frighten sb. to death 使某人吓得半死frighten sb. away 吓走某人be frightened at/of/to do sth./that.with/in frightI was frightened of being left by myself in the house.I am frightened to look out of the plane window.The sudden noise frightened us.The dog frightened the boy away.The boy was frightened he would get lost.They frightened him into telling them the secret.他们恐吓他以使他说出秘密。congratulate sb. on sth. 因祝贺某人=congratulations to sb. on sth. celebrate sth. 庆祝.celebration n.We congratulated him on his winning the prize.We celebrated her 20th birthday yesterday.I congratulate you on your success.Congratulations on your passing the dr