情态动词及非谓语动词的用法.doc

情态动词常见的情态动词有：can could能 may 可以 would （表意愿）need 需要 must 必须 have to 不得不 should 应该1.can，could 的用法1.1表能力，有“能”、“会”、“能够”的意思例如：Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗？-Yes, I can. 我会-No, I cant. 我不会。 1.2表允许，在口语中代替 may，有“可以”的意思.例如：Can I use your bike?我可以用你的自行车吗？ 1.3表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句例如：Can it be true?那会是真的吗？ Today is Sunday. He cant be at school.今天是星期天。他不可能在学校里。1.4过去式could表示的语气更加委婉例如：Could I come to see you tomorrow?明天我可以来见 你吗？ 2.may的用法2.1表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。例如：You may go now.你可以走了。May I use your computer?我用一下你的电脑可以吗？2.2回答以may开头的疑问句有如下表达法：例如：May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？-Yes, you may. -Yes, please.-No, you cant. -No, you mustnt.-No, youd better not.2.3表示猜测，通常只用于陈述句.例如：You may be right.你可能是对的。 在口语中can可以代替may表示许可，但can较随便，may更正式例如：Can I use your bike, John?约翰，我可以用一下你的自行车吗？ May I have a look at your license please, sir?先生，我可以看一下你的执照吗3.must 的用法3.1表义务，“必须”例如：You must talk to them about their study.你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。 3.2在否定结构中表不许、禁止.例如：You mustnt leave here.你不能离开这儿。 3.3表推测，有很大的可能性.例如：He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。注意may 暗含的可能性较小，must 暗含的可能性较大。3.5关于must的简短回答：例如：Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫餐厅吗？-Yes, you must. -No, you neednt. -No, you dont have to.4.have to的用法have to 虽属于情态动词，但它有人称、数的变化，它的疑问句否定句的构成也和其他情态动词有所不同。4.1 have to表客观的需要和义务，must表主观认识例如：I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.我没搭上火车，所以我只得打的。4.2在疑问句和否定句中，have to多用助动词do构成，must则直接提前或加not。例如：Did he have to do it?他得做那件事吗？ He didnt have to do it.他不需要做那件事。4.3在否定句中，have to表示不需要，must表不允许。例如：You dont have to go there.你不需要去那儿。 You mustnt go there?你不可去那儿。4.4虽然must可以用在过去时态中，但是have to更能直接了当的表达过去时间概念。例如：She must see Hubert that very night.她必须在那个晚上见到休伯特。 I had to leave at six yesterday.我得在昨天6点离开。5.need 的用法need既可用作情态动词，又可用作实义动词。作情态动词时，没有数和人称的变化，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，有数的变化和人称的变化，后接带to的不定式。5.1用于否定句，表“不必”例如：You neednt worry.你不必担心。 I dont think you need worry.我想你不必担心。 5.2 need用作实义动词例如：（正确）Do you need to go there?/（错误）Do you need go there?6.would的用法用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。结构：would like sth./ would like to do sth./ would like sb to do sth. 7.should的用法 should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示建议、责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和 ought to， be supposed to 互换使用 He should work harder. 他应该更加努力巩固练习( ) 1. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should( ) 2.- Isnt that Anns sister over there? - No, it_be her-Im sure she doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not ( ) 3. -Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. need D may( ) 4. -Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is? -Its two blocks straight ahead. You _miss it. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt A. Can; must B. Must; can C. Must; must D. May; need( ) 5. Tom, you _leave all your clothes on the floor like this. A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not ( ) 6. I tried to stop him from smoking, but he just _listen. A. wont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. couldnt ( ) 7. - I have to stay at home preparing my lessons. - But you_, tomorrow is Sunday. A. mustnt B. neednt C. B. wouldnt D. cant8. _ I finish my homework in class? (必须)No, you neednt.非谓语动词动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式 不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，不定式可作主语、宾语宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成 1不定式的用法： 1)作宾语 He wanted to go 注意 不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it作形式宾语例如： I find it interesting to work with him. 2)作宾语补足语例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意 ：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice,see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 toI often hear him sing the song 3)作定语例如：I have some books for you to read 4)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件例如： 例如： I am very glad to hear it The question is difficult to answer “ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语例如： He is too old to do that 另外句子中有 enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语例如： The room is big enough to hold us 5)不定式与疑问词 who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等例如： He didnt know what to say.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important(主语) My question is when to start. (表语) 注意： why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to. 例如: Why not have a rest? (二)动名词 1动名词由动词 + ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语 1)作主语例如: Swimming is good for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous 结构It is no use good doing sth.用。 2)作表语例如：Her job is teaching. 3)作宾语 I like swimming. 注，enjoy，finish ，feel like， keep，mind，miss，practice，suggest，cant help，cant stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式 注 forget，remember ,go on，like，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习) I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事) I tried not to go there(我设法不去那里) I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次) Stop speaking. (不要讲话。) He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话) 介词后接动名词：如Thanks for doing sth. /spend time ( in ) doing sth./Its time for doing sth. 4)作定语例如： He has a reading room.(三)分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词。 现在分词的用 l)作定语 The man standing by the window is our teacher 2)作状语 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。We saw the teacher making the experiment. 注意：在 see，hear，watch，feel，listen to，notice等感官动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生，(即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束)，用不定式表示动作发生了，(即动作全过程结束了或经常做的事)。例如： I saw the girl getting on the bus I saw the girl get on the bus and drive off I often see him dance.1. I really enjoy_ that kind of job. A. do B. doing C. to do 2. Tell him_ the window. A. to close not B. not to closeC. to not closeD. not close3. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. to turn off it4. The teacher asked us_ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D.not to make5. I often hear him_ about you.A.talkB.talking C.to talk6. Im hungry. Get me something_.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating7. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know_A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which8 The teacher told them_ make so much noise.A. dontB. notC. will not D. not to9. Dont you remember_?A. seeing the man before B. to see the man before C. saw the man before 10. The girl_ under that tree is my sister.A. sitting B. sits C is sitting D. sat 11.Do you remember_ me at a party last year?A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met12. Go on_ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to do B. doing初中英语非谓语动词练习题一根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Is it necessary _(learn) a foreign language? 2. He is good at _(swim).3. Do you have anything _(say) for yourself?4. Its spring now. its time _(plant) trees.5. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys _(not play) in the street.7. Her son is too young _(dress) himself. 8. Lets _(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speaker spoke too quickly for us _(understand).10. The little boy is not old enough_(read).11. I asked him _(show) me his new pen.12. Knives are used for _(cut) things.13. I really dont know what _(do) next.14. I often hear people _(say) “_(see) is_(believe)”.15. Youd better _(try) this medicine.16. They said they had nothing _(worry) about.17. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?18. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time.19. _(tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.20. Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully.21. Thank you very much for _(help) us.22. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.23. Would you like _(climb) the mountain with me?24. The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music.25.We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.26. What about _(go) out for a walk? 27. My mother often tells me _ in bed. (not read)28. He said he became _ in physics. (interest)29. He went to school instead of _ home. (go)30. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to _ a job. (找)31Its cold outside, so youd better _ your coat. (穿上)32. Mother often tells me _ too late. (not come home)33. You had better _ by bus, or you will be late. (go)34. Dont touch that _ child. (sleep)35. I didnt remember _ her the book before. (give)36. Yesterday Mary couldnt finish her homework, so she has to go on _ it this afternoon. (do)36. We could not help _ after we heard the story. (laugh)37. Would you please _ me an English-Chinese dictionary when you come? (bring)38. The boy _ by the door is my brother. (stand)39. Do you remember _ the film last year? (see)40. John stopped _ a rest (have) because he was tired.41. The boys _ basketball on the playground are my classmates. (play)42. Cant you see Im busy _? (cook)43.Did you enjoy_ Beijing ?(参观)44Why not _ us? (加入)II选择填空。1Would you please _ the door for me?a. holding b. not to hold c. hold d. held2Wed really like you _ to the party tonight.a. come b. to come c. will come d. should come3.Do you have anything _ about this matter?A.saying B. to say C. said D say4.He was too excited _.A. to go to sleeping B. to slept C. to go to sleep D. going to sleep5.We cant have him _ like that all day.A.to work B. working C. to be worked D. work6. Do you think it difficult _? a. for me to do so b. for my to do so c. for I to do so d. for me doing so7.I havent decided which hotel _. a. to stay b. is to stay at c. to stay at d. is for staying8.I often spent much money _ books.a. to buy b. buying c. on buying d. for buying9.If you practice _ English whenever you can, you will soon speak well. a. talking b. going speak c. speaking d. to speak10.We are tired of _ the same problem all the time A. discussing B. to discuss C. discuss11.She usual