初中英语八种时态归纳复习和句子成分.doc

英语八种时态归纳复习以及语态复习1、动词的种类（*）行为动词或实意动词 及物动词 vt 不及物动词 vi连系动词：be, look, turn, get, become, etc.助动词：be, do, have, shall, will, etc.情态动词：can, may, must, need, etc.2、时态现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般谓语用动词原形，主语为第三人称单数则谓语动词加s或es.(be=am/is/are)动词过去式shall/will+v(原)am/is/are+v-ing(非延续性)am/is/are going toam/is/are about toam/is/are +to-v.would+v(原)was/were+v-ing(非延续性)was/were going towas/were about towas/were +to-v.进行am/is/are +v-ingwas/were+v-ingwill be+v-ingwould be+v-ing完成have/has+donehad+donewill have+donewould have+done完成进行have/has been+v-inghad been+v-ingWill have been+v-ingwould have been+v-ing常用的八种时态：一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc. I get up at six oclock every morning.He doesnt speak Russian.The moon moves round the earth.二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, etc. I was in Grade One last year.I got up at five yesterday.三、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.I shall (will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.She will be here tomorrow.Im going to Bei Jing tomorrow.Im going to help him.四、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doingWere reading the text now.五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + doneThey have lived here for ten years.六、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doingWe were having a meeting this time yesterday.七、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本结构：had + done.We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.He said he would go to the cinema that evening.Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.3、被动语态现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般am/is/are+-edwas/were+-edwill/shall be+-edwould be+-ed进行am/is/are+being+-edwas/were+being+-edwill/shall be+being+-edwould be+being+-ed完成have/has been+-edhad been+-edwill/shall have been+-edwould have been+-ed完成进行have/has been+being+-edhad been+being+-edwill/shall have been+being+-edWould have been+being+-ed一般现在时的被动语态。如：English is taught in that school.一般过去时的被动语态。如：The song was written by that worker.带情态动词的被动语态。She must be sent to hospital at once.He is liked by everybody.5、练习（初中题）I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked2. （初中题）-_ my glasses? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Did you see C. Would see you D. Have you seen2. （初中题） Helen_ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband_.A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come4. （初中题）There_ a dirty ball under the table for two days.A. has B. is C. has been D. have been 5. （初中题）-What were you doing when Tom came to see you? -I _ on my overcoat and_ to visit a friend of mine.A. had just; leaving B. was put ; was left C. had just put; was leaving D. was putting; left 6. （初中题）-What are you doing to do this weekend? -I _ yet.A. havent decided B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 7. （初中题）-Why did the boy rat so much that evening? -He was hungry, for he _ nothing all the day.A. ate B. had eaten C. had been eating D. has eaten8. （初中题）Will you please lend me a novel when you _ it?A. will have finished B. will finish C. have finished D. finished9. （初中题）-Youve agreed to go, but why arent you getting ready? -But I _that you_ me too attar once.A. didnt realize; want B. dont realize; want C. havent realized; want D. didnt realize; wanted 10. （初中题）He is too careless and he_ his key to the door. A. always lost B. is always losing C. was always losing D. never loses 11. （初中题）-Is there any meeting today? -Yes, it_ at 2:30 in the afternoon.A. begins B. has begun C. is beginning D. begun 12. （初中题）-Peter, dont play that kind of joke any more! -Sorry! I_ do it again.A. wont B. cant C. mustnt D. wouldnt13. （初中题）-Could you tell me how long_ the book? -Three days.A. I can keep B. can I borrow C. I can borrow D. cant I keep14. （初中题）- Excuse me, but I dont think you can smoke