无线温湿度监测系统英文参考文献.doc

英文文献翻译学 生 姓名朱泽龙专 业电气工程及其自动化学 号1134155分 院电子工程分院2015年 7 月0基于主从分布式新的温室环境参数监测和控制系统根据实际在农村地区的温室环境参数的监测和控制，主从分布式测量和控制系统的设计需要，以其中一台计算机作为主机，该系统由PC、土壤水分测量和控制模块，温度、湿度、CO2监测和控制模块组成。在该系统中，电脑有大量的数据存储的功能，它很容易利用模糊控制专家，配置组态软件组态王用来开发PC软件，具有开发周期缩短和友好的人机交互的优势。每个监测和控制模块包括STC12系列的微控制器、传感器、继电器等等。如果系统实现控制温室在分区和块，需要选择不同的模块。一，简介现代化农业的室内，环境参数的自动测量和控制是实现作物产量和品质的关键。在近年来，设施农业在我国蓬勃发展，与之匹配的，具有监测和控制仪器的温室也有取得了一定的发展。近10年的不懈努力，我们的研究团队在农业环境参数的测量和控制系统上，设计了一个智能测量和控制系统相分布结合的温室，可以在广大农村地区适用。这个系统主要是控制温度、湿度、二氧化碳浓度、土壤水分和照明温室。单片机，作为数据存储空间较小，单一的显示接口，有限的信息容量，但其有较高的性价比，因此它作为前端的数据采集和控制单元为PC使用，它有大量的数据存储，丰富的软件，方便的人机交互等优点。 如果我们使用过时的和低价的电脑,以PC机作为上位机,以不同的功能控制模块和多个微型计算机作为降低机器,然后组成一个基于微机的主从分布式和智能化控制系统,既更好的监视和控制、显示和数据收集或管理的实现,而且费用低,系统会根据实际的需要选择。二，系统结构及原理最显着的特点是分配和智能控制系统温室相结合，这将作为一个整体，模块组合结构简单，方便的人机交互与数据采集，控制和管理，并采用模糊控制技术的智能专家，可以组成适应多种作物管理控制的温室。其基本结构系统是图1所示。分布式系统的结构是由两层组成：上部和下部。由最佳价格PC被取为主机，使其能够智能系统管理和专家模糊运算，并提供一个友好的人机界面，并实现统一的监控和管理的温室;下部是由一系列不同功能的模块，并且在每个模块中，一个单一的芯片作为下位机采用AT89C52，RS485则用于与所有AT89C52 PC进行通信，然后实现收集，处理和控制的温室参数。每个功能模块是完全地电气隔离，任何失败的结节不会对其他模块产生任何影响。系统通过分别收集环境信息的方式，每个监控和控制模块，并通过RS485接口将其发送到主机PC。并且由PC配置控制系统，额定参数的设定值进行比较，然后根据专家智能模糊控制系统测量作物在不同生长阶段的各种环境的温度，湿度，CO2浓度，土壤含水量进行相应的操作指令或报警，模糊控制指令。在秦皇岛农村大棚。通常在一个温室的近东和西区的1/4区域，距离地面为1.5米的中间北部的一半（近湿帘）和南部的一半（风扇附近的），设置一个模块检测空气温度、湿度、二氧化碳浓度和土壤水分含量，根据实际情况，将土壤含水量模块添加在温室的中间;在高度为1.5米的主入口，设置一个水箱，其中的电磁阀滴水管应根据土壤水分含量的需要设置和控制，并且将电脑放置在主入口的温室内。三，硬件设计A.CP和通信系统分布式系统中的数据采集和控制：由于微型控制单元局限于在数据存储和计算复杂，所以电脑所的使用和主从模块系统所采用的，这是一个系统，以PC机作为主机，以单片机作为子机。在这种分布式系统中，通信是关键。通常，PC机的串行端口是标准的RS232，传输距离较短。但是在农业控制系统，其通信距离的数十公尺或几公里，所以RS232 / RS485转换器通过PC机与单片机之间的通信来实现。减少投资，既考虑用户方便和友好的人机交互，低价电脑的上面和下面采用PIV 486，并考虑组态软件的操作，内存是必须是64M以上，硬盘是10GB以上。B.控制模块的温度和湿度，照明度和CO2浓度每个控制单元包括供应链管理（SCM），传感器，信号处理电路，RS485接口和输出环节。此模块的温度和湿度，二氧化碳浓度的硬件结构示于图2。基于NDIR技术测量CO2浓度的传感器，测量范围是02103摩尔。通过传感器，控制系统，利用软件数字滤波、线性插值和温度补偿，得到二氧化碳的浓度，依附数字UART协议，然后直接输入单片机。新的智能传感器SHT11基于选择CMOSens技术测量温度和湿度。在SHT11，温度和湿度传感器、信号放大，A/ D，I2C总线全部集成在一个芯片上，它有满刻度校准，第二行数字输出并且湿度测量范围为0100RH，温度测量范围为-40+123。8，湿度测量精度为3。0RH，温度测量精度为0。4，响应4的时间。JY1-TBQ-6的照度传感器的硅光伏检测是使用光测量。它的测量范围为0200000勒克斯;光谱范围为400700（nm）的可见光;测量误差是小于2，输出为4 20mA或020mV，输出信号可以直接传送到A / D的单片机放大后，大小为04V。模块接受指令形成上层，输出通过输出电路。输出电路包括光学隔离、信号驱动，输出继电器。C.土壤水分的测量和控制模块水是一种极性介质，土壤的介电常数包含水，主要是由水决定，当水含量是不同的，波阻抗不同。在这个系统中，土壤水分测量是通过驻波无线电的方法。基于工程电磁场理论，有损介质，如下的电磁波阻抗： Z0=/(1+j/()其中，是介质渗透性，土壤和是0是真空磁导率;是介质的介电常数，是介质电导率;是电磁波频。在非常低的音频( 2000 hz)，损耗角正切的干土介质是/0。07，如果你选择的信号源的频率高于20兆赫兹。然后，虚部的土壤波阻抗忽视，只有真正的一部分，这相当于一个纯电阻。土壤水分传感器由100 MHz信号源，同轴传输线和插件不锈钢探针组成。电磁波信号沿着线传输到探头。由于探针阻抗和线路阻抗不同，入射波和反射波的叠加形成驻波。以同轴传输线作为无损耗均匀线，波阻抗为Z0，ZL是负载阻抗。然后，在探针的电压波的反射系数是：= （ZL-Z0）/(ZL+Z0)选择传输线的长度为l=/ 4时，该行的两端的最大和最小Umax和Umin时，然后驻波无线电行中，可以表示为：S=Umax /Umin =(1-|)/(1+|)按照这种方式，土壤水分无线电可以通过测量传输线的驻波率得到。如图3所示。土壤水分模块包括传感器和控制器，传感器服从控制器，控制器可以被省略，而不需要灌溉温室。在这个系统中，分区节点为了简化控制、灌溉技术，采用控制土壤水分技术。在一定的程度上，这个参数的上部和下部地面可采用该技术解耦。四，控制系统编程该PC软甲的开发由北京组态王6。51控制。这个配置软件具有可靠性高，开发周期短，完美的图形界面生成能力，以及友好的人机交互，可以按照创建动态图像和图表可以直观地显示设备的布局场景中的参数，控制状态的变化，并能发出报警信号，当超过额定值，可以实现模糊控制的温室参数使用的特定数据库中存储的历史环境参数曲线并采用农业专家系统。软件配置管理是由C51单片机实现实时解答收集、处理、上传的参数和接受模糊控制指令从主机计算机和完整的局部控制的装置。A.控制模块的程序设计子机的软件的土壤湿度模块的主要功能包括数据采集和处理子程序，中断处理和通信等，通过并行数据接口获得驻波电压的数值并且由函数计算获得土壤含水量。软件的子机主要与下位机完成对土壤水分检测和控制的数据通信，测量数据和电流控制上传状态到主机电脑，接受模糊控制指令从主机计算机输出执行指令。子机的温度、湿度和二氧化碳的硬件模块主要是完成读取I2C浓度的二氧化碳浓度、温度和湿度，测量数据和电流控制上传状态到主机电脑，接受模糊控制指令从主机输出执行指令。这个主程序和中断子程序的温度和湿度的模块的结构如图4所示。串行中断模式3采用所有从机与主机通信，传输数字化采集和接收指令。B.PC和模糊控制系统的程序设计1） 组态王6.51的通讯设置：为了确保通信的正确性，上下必须遵循相同的通信协议，通信参数。通常在通信，采用主从方式在风格和应答器是采用的过程。换言之，首先主发命令给子机，然后等子机接到指令后给出答案，通信建立。在组态王，一个预定的轮询方法被用来做阅读和写作的低机器电脑之间。在项目浏览器中，第一，单击设备COM1;在设备配置向导中，选择“智能模块”单片机SCM的HEX串行端口，然后服务主机的通信参数。2） 组态王6.51和数据库的连接数据库的核心是软件，不仅包含了定义的变量，实时参数和历史参数，但是还需要在参数报警、模糊计算、报告和显示。ACCESS2003的桌面数据库是用来记录数据库的系统，并通过使用SQL，由组态王通过开放式数据库连接性实现的。这个过程是：在组态王来创建数据变量创建一个身体的记录建立数据源的ODBC来创建查询屏幕和使屏幕连接。到与微软Access2003，功能SQLSelect ，SQLConnect()，SQLLast SQLFist ，SQLNext()，QSLPrew()，SQLInsrt ，SQLPrew()等等，实现的命令语言，然后实时存储和查询的数据完成。3） PC软件设计：温室控制系统，数据存储容量的PC是无限的，因此，如果现有的成熟的软件模块到系统，它都可以轻松提高系统的可靠性。软件，软件由控制模块和管理模块。4） 软件系统的主控制界面，辅助数据库等。典型的监测和控制的PC的主界面如图5所示。五，结论根据经济承受能力，农民在秦皇岛，与现有技术的温室环境参数的监测和控制，主从分布式温室环境自动控制系统在其中一台计算机作为主机系统，研制了具有以下特点：1） 凭借其大容量的数据存储，PC，模糊控制专家系统的数据存储，修改和系统升级是很容易的。2） 使用组态王软件开发的PC，提高了系统的可靠性，缩短开发周期，并获得一个友好的人机界面。系统中使用的一个分布式，模块化结构，它使系统维护更加容易，并且适应生产需要。的从属的监测和控制模块连接到主机上，然后根据需要通过RS485总线控制温室中分区或块可以实现的。致谢这项工作是支持的农业科技成果转化基金项目。New Environment Parameters Monitoring And Control System For Greenhouse Based On Master-slave DistributedAbstract-According to the actual need of monitoring and control of greenhouse environment parameters in rural areas,a master-slave distributed measurement and control system is designed,in which PC is taken as the host. The system consists of PC ,soil moisture measurement and control module,temperature and humidity, and CO2 monitoring and control module. In the system,PC has large amount of data storage which is easy to make use of fuzzy control expert system,configuration software-KingView is used to develop software for PC,by which the development cycle is shorten and a friendly human-computer interaction is provided.Each monitoring and control module consists of STC12 series of microcontrollers,sensors,relays etc.Different modules are select based on the need if system to achieve control greenhouse in partition and block. INTRODUCTIONTo modern indoor agriculture, the automatic measurement and control of environment parameters is the key to achieve crop yield and quality of greenhouse.In recent years,facilities agriculture develops vigorously in our country,matched with it,the monitoring and control instrument of greenhouse have also made certain development.After nearly 10 years of unremitting hard work,our research team of measurement and control system of agriculture environment parameters,designed an intelligent measurement and control system of distribution combined of greenhouse which can be popularized in the vast rural areas.This system is mainly control of temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,soil moisture and illumination of greenhouse.OF SCM,as the data storage is small,display interface is single,amount of information is limited,but its capability price ratio is high,so it is used as a front unit of data acquisition and control;and of PC,it has a large amount of data storage,rich software,convenient human-computer interaction,and so on.If we use outdated and low-priced PC,taking the PC as the upper machine,taking the different function control modules composed of multiple microcomputers as the lower machines,then a master-slave distributed and intelligent control system bases on microcomputer is made up,by which both better monitoring and control,display and data collection or management are achieved,but also lower cost of system is get according to the actual need. SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLEThe most marked feature of the distribution combined and intelligent control system greenhouse is that of incorporating with data acquisition, control and management as a whole,module combination, simple structure,convenient human-computer interaction,and using technology of intelligent expert fuzzy control,which can adapt to a variety of crop management control in greenhouse.The basic structure of the system is shown in Fig.1.The structure of the distributed system is composed of two layers:the upper and lower.In the top-price PC is taken as the host to make system management and experts fuzzy operation in intelligent,and to provide a friendly human-computer interface,and to realize the united monitoring and management of greenhouse; the lower is composed of a series of modules of different function,and in each module,a single chip of AT89C is adopted as the lower machine,RS485 is used to communicate PC with all AT89C,and then the collection,processing and control of the greenhouse parameters is achieved.Each function module is completely isolated in electrical,any failure on the nodule does not produce any effect on other modules.The system collects separately ways of environment information through each monitoring and control module,and sends it to host PC through the RS485 interface.And in the PC configuration control system,the acquired parameters are compared with the values of setting,then according to a variety of expert intelligent fuzzy control system of crops at different growth stages,the fuzzy control instructions on the environment temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,soil water content and the corresponding operation instructions or alarm are given.The system is applied in rural greenhouses in Qinhuangdao.Usually at 1/4 near East and West end in a greenhouse,and at the height of 1.5m from the ground in the middle in the northern half (near the wet curtain) and the southern half (near the fan ),a module of air temperature and humidity ,CO2 concentration and a module of soil moisture content are set;a module of soil moisture content will be added in the middle of the greenhouse according to the actual condition;at the height of 1.5m in the main entrance,a water tank is set,of which the solenoid of drip tube should be set based on the need and controlled by module of soil moisture content;and the PC is placed in the main entrance to the greenhouse.III . HARDWARE DESIGNA.The CP and communication systemIn the distributed system of data acquisition and control,as the micro control unit is limited in data storage and slow in calculating of complex functions,so PC is used and the master-slave module is adopted in the system,that is a system of,taking PC as the host and taking the SCM systems located in the scene as slave.In this distributed system,communication is the key to it.Generally,the serial port of PC is standard RS232,of which transmission distance is shorter.But in agriculture control system.its communication distance is of tens of meters or several kilometers, so RS232/RS485 converter is used to achieve communication between the PC and SCM.To reduce investment,both considering the user convenience and friendly human-computer interaction,low-price PC of above 486 and below PIV is adopted;and considering the operation of configuration software,it is required that memory is 64M or above and hard disk is 10Gb or above.B.The control modules of temperature and humidity,illuminance and CO2 concentration Each control unit consists of SCM,sensors,signal processing circuit,RS485 interface and output circuit.The hardware structure of module of temperature and humidity,CO2 concentration is shown in Fig.2.CO2 concentration is measured by sensor based on NDIR technology,measurement is of 02103mol.Through the sensor,control system,by software of digital filter,linear interpolation and temperature compensation,the CO2 concentration is output as digital adhered to UART protocol,and then is input directly to the SCM.The new intelligent sensor of SHT11 based on CMOSens technology is chosen in the measurement of temperature and humidity.In SHT11,the temperature and humidity sensors,signal amplification,A/D,I2C bus are all integrated in a chip;it has full-scale calibration,second-line digital output,and humidity measuring range of 0100% RH,temperature measurement range of -40+123.8,humidity measurement accuracy of 3.0% RH,temperature measurement accuracy of 0.4,the response time of 4s.The illuminance sensor of JY1-TBQ-6 of silicon photovoltaic detection is used Light measuring.Its measurement range is 0200,000 Lux;spectral range is 400700(nm) visible light;measurement error is less than 2%; output is 420mA or 020mV;output signal can be directly send to the A/D of the SCM after being amplified to 04V.Modules accept the instructions form the the Upper,and output via the output circuit .The output circuit consists of optical isolation,the signal driver and the output relays.C.The measurement and control modules of soil moistureWater is a polar medium, the dielectric constant of the soil containing water is mainly determined by the water,when water content is different,the wave impedance is different.The soil moisture is measured by standing wave radio method in this system.Based on the theory of Engineering Electromagnetic Field,for lossy medium,the electromagnetic wave impedance as follows: Z0=/(1+j/()Where is medium permeability,and of soil is 0 is the vacuum permeability; is medium dielectric constant; is medium conductivity; is electromagnetic wave frequency.In the very low audio(2000Hz),the loss tangent of dry soil dielectric is /0.07,if you choose the frequency of the signal source at above 20MHz.then,the imaginary part of the soil wave impedance is neglect,only the real part,which amounts to a pure resistance.Soil moisture sensor consists of 100MHz signal source,a coaxial transmission line and a 4-pin stainless probe.The electromagnetic waves of signal transmit to the probe along the lines.As the probe impedance and line impedance are different,the superimposition of incident waves and reflected waves forms a standing waves.Taking the coaxial transmission line as a lossless uniform line,wave impedance is Z0,Zl is the load impedance.Then the reflected coefficient of voltage wave at the probe is:= （ZL-Z0）/(ZL+Z0)Choosing the length of transmission line is l=/4,the maximum and minimum of both ends of the line are Umax and Umin,Then the standing wave radio in the line can be expressed as:S=Umax /Umin =(1-|)/(1+|)In the way,the soil moisture radio can be measured by measuring the standing wave rate of transmission line.As shown in Fig.3.,soil moisture module consists of sensors and controllers,the sensors are subordinated to controllers,controllers can be omitted without the need of irrigation in greenhouse.To simplify the control,irrigation technology of node-type in partition is adopted in the control soil moisture in this system.To a certain extent,the parameters of upper and lower the ground can be decoupled by adopting this technology.IV CONTROL SYSTEM PROGRAMMINGThe software of PC is developed by KingView 6.51 of Beijing-controlled Asia.This configuration software has high reliability,shorter development cycle,perfect capability of graphical interface generation,and friendly human-computer interaction;and can create dynamic images and charts in accordance with the layout of equipment in the scene;can visually display the changes of parameters,control status,and can give an alarm when over-limited;and can achieve fuzzy control of greenhouse parameters by using the history curve of environment parameters stored in the specific database and adopting the agricultural expert system.The software of SCM of the slave is developed by Keil C51 to achieve real-time collecting,processing,uploading of the parameters and accept the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and complete local control of the device.A. Program design of the control moduleThe software of the sub-slave machine of soil moisture module,that include the main function,subroutines of data acquisition and processing,interrupt handling and communicating etc,read the value of standing wave voltage through the parallel data port and obtained the value of soil moisture content by function calculating.The software of the slave machine of monitoring and control of soil moisture mainly complete data communication with the sub-slave machine,uploading measurement data and current control state to the host computer,accepting the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and output the implementation instructions.The software of the slave machine of temperature and humidity,and CO2 mainly complete reading data of CO2 concentrations and temperature and humidity through the I2C concentration,uploading measurement data and current control state to the host computer,accepting the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and output the implementation instructions.The structure of the main program and interrupt subroutine of temperature and humidity module are shown in Fig.4.The serial interrupt mode 3 is adopted by all slaves to communicate with the host,transmit the digital collecting and receive instructions.B. Program design of PC and fuzzy control system 1) The communication settings of KingView 6.51:In order to ensure the correctness of communication,the upper and lower must follow the same communication protocol,set the communication parameters.Usually in communication,master-slave mode is adopted in style and responder is adopted in the process.That is ,the master sent a command to the slave first,then et slave give an answer after receiving the command,thus once communication is completed.In KingView ,a scheduled polling method is adopted to do reading and writing between the lower machine by PC.In the project browser of KingView,first,click device COM1;in the wizard of device configuration,select intelligent modulesSCMcurrent SCM of HEXserial port,and then ser parameters for the host computers communication.2) The connection of KingView 6.51 and database:Database is the core of the software,that not only contains the definition of variables,real-time parameters and the historical parameters,but also is needed by parameters alarming,fuzzy calculating,reporting ,and displaying.Access2003 desktop database is used as records database of the system,and by using SQL,it is operated by KingView via ODBC.The procedure is :to create data variables in KingView to create a body