虚拟语气学案精讲精练习题.doc

虚拟语气：是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示假设、猜测、建议、主观愿望、夸张或空想，而非客观事实。一 虚拟语气在非真实条件句从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had）主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.与过去事实相反的假设If +主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式 If+主语+were to+动词原形 If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.1. 错综时间条件句（混合条件句）主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.1. 虚拟语气倒装形式（省略if）虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, had可以将if省略再把上述这些词移到句首实行倒装。If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.If it should rain, the crops would be saved. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.注：在倒装时，不能有缩略形式：Werent it for the expense (*) Were it not for the expense2. 介词短语代替条件状语从句常用词：with, but for, withoutWhat would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadnt got your help)Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 3. 含蓄条件句有在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构)二 虚拟语气在名词性从句1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句：在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建议, command命令, demand要求，request请求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer宁愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide决定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室。He insisted that she do it right now. 他坚持她马上就做。在It is/was +上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 2. 虚拟语气用于主语从句：在a pity, a shame, no wonder, strange, sorry, necessary, natural, impossible, important后面that引导的主语从句总要使用should+动词原形，should可以被省略，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等含义。在It is /was necessary, important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必须按时到达那儿。在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that从句中It is a pity that you fail the exam.It is no wonder he be late for class.3. 虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句，从句中同样使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。这些名词有advice, demand, plan, eida, order, request, proposal, suggestion等。We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that we should do exercises first.三 虚拟语气的其他用法（接第8页33题）34. A few minutes earlier and we _ the train.A. have caught B. had caughtC. could have caught D. were to catch35. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lentC. could lend D. may have lent36. She made the demand that she _ at once.A. leave B. leaves C. left D. to be left37. The young man insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did, set B. had done, should be setC. do, be set D. had done, must be set38. _ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must在wish后面的宾语从句中对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时I wish I were a little younger.我希望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)或“would/could+现在完成时”I wish I had been there. 我真希望我当时在那里。I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”I wish he could explain what he means.在if only感叹句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop. (对将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。If only I were taller. (对现在的虚拟)我的个子要是能高一点就好了。If only I had followed your advice! (对过去的虚拟)要是我听从了你的建议就好了！在as if/as though引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时I really dont like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我们讲发生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if its going to rain. 天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。It seems as if he had been to America. 他好像去过美国。在would rather结构中would rather do sth. 表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆着。would rather have done sth. 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”She would rather not have gone to the party. 她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。would rather sb.did 表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事” Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。would rather sb. had done 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。在 It is (about, high) time+(that)从句中从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。It is high time that we began to work. 咱们应该开始干活了。虚拟语气精练习题学案 Part One1. He ought to have handed in his homework early this morning. Thats what he _.A. should be doing B. should doC. should have done D. would2. Mr. White had never thought that their only son _ sell drugs and be sent to _ prison. A. should. / B. should.the C. would., theD. could/3. His order is that everyone _ their own work in time. A. completedB. must completeC. completesD. complete4. I wish you _ the college entrance examination. A. passedB. had passed C. should passD. have passed5. _ for your help, we might have lost our ways in the forest. A. Were it not B. Had it not been C. Had it beenD. Were it 6. She is in such deep sorrow at the sad news. You_ her about it so soon. A. mustnt have toldB. shouldnt have told C. mustnt tell D. shouldnt tell7. What did your English teacher suggest to you? He suggested that I _ speaking English with my classmates from time to time.A. should have practicedB. practiseC. practiced D. would practise8. Did you see the basketball game last night?No, I _ to have seen it, but I was busy then.A. had liked B. would likeC. likedD. like9. Youre very selfish. Its high time you _ that you _ not the person for the job A. do realize are B. realizedare C. realizeare D. realizedwere10. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studiedB. might study C. should have studiedD. would study11. The city government orders that a medical team _ to the front at once. A. was sentB. ought to send C. be sent D. would be sent12. If you had seen him last time, you _ what to do now. A. would have known B. should have known C. would knowD. may know13. What should we do _ tomorrow? A. should it snow B. would it snow C. snow D. will snow14. Li Ping is waiting alone in the reading-room, you _ her yesterday about the matter. A. ought to tell B. must have told C. ought to have told D. should tell15. It is essential that ways and means to protect the environment _as soon as possible. A. be adopted B. have be adopted C. will be adopted D. will adopt16. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been17. It is of the most importance that you _here on time. A. be B. would be C. must be D. are to be 18. How about a trip to London? _the expense, I _go.A. If it were notshould B. Were it not for wouldC. Werent it ifwould D. If it hadnt been for could19. _ your arrival, Id have met you at the railway station. A. If I knowB. Should I know C. If I had known D. If I know 20. Our demand is that another experiment _. A. shall be made B. will be made C. must be made D. be made21. You _ me earlier if you did not like your house bought last month. A. would tell B. had told C. told D. would have told22. It is not likely that Jack is unfriendly, so he _ you when you called. A. should not have seen B. had not seen C. could not have seen D. did not seen23. But for the doctors, the patients _A. did not recover wellB. had not well recoveredC. has not recovered so wellD. would not have recovered so well24. Had it been a meaningful meeting, I _ it at all. A. wouldnt have missed B. would have missedC. would have missed D. wouldnt miss25. When I took the dictionary back to Maria, she said coldly, “ You _ it earlier, for I _ it at any time.”A. should have returnedmight useB. should returnmight have usedC. could have returnedmight have usedD. might returnmight have used26. I _ to go to your help, but I had to _an important meeting.A. have planned have attended B. had planned attendC. plannedhave attended D. planned be attending27. He _ the 5:30 train because he didnt leave until 5:35. A. mustnt have caught B. could not have caught C. cant have caught D. mustnt catch 28. Father insisted that _ before nine in the evening. A. they should back B. they ought to be back C. they be back D. they had to be back 29. He _ full marks, but he was so careless _ a spelling mistake.A. could gain to makeB. could have gained to make C. should have gained and be madeD. could have gainedas to make30. You shouldnt have asked the boy to run across the street to buy cigarettes, he _ by a passing car.A. maybe knocked downB. should have been knocked offC. might have been knocked downD. will have been knocked downPart Two1. If she had worked harder, she_.A. would succeed B. had succeededC. should succeed D. would have succeeded2. I wish I_ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see3. If my lawyer_ here last Saturday, he_ me from going.A. had been, would have prevented B. had been. would preventC. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented4. Without electricity human life_ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be5. If he_, he_ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned, would not takeB. had been warned, would not have takenC. would be warned, had not takenD. would have been warned, had not taken6. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps 1 _ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out7. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken9. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _so tired.A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt getC. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven, wouldnt have got10. If I had_, Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough11. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been12. _it rain tomorrow, we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will13. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _, too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing B. will be freezingC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly14. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie15. We could have gone there by bus. Yes, otherwise we _ late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. couldnt be D. couldnt have been16. The teacher demanded that the exam_ before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finishedC. be finished D. must be finished17. I wouldnt have succeeded_ for his help then.A. hadnt it been B. were it notC. had it been not D. had it not been18. If it _for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbedB. were not. could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. had not been, could climb19. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she_ something she would regret later.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said20. Id rather he_ here.A. come B.