英语专题二 定语从句.doc

高三英语复习专题二 定语从句【定语从句及相关概念】1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。例：the girl who is standing there 4. 知识结构 that/ which/ who/ whom/ whose 等 关系代词引导限定性 when/ where/ why等关系副词引导 介词 + which引导定语从句类型 which引导非限定性 as引导 when/ where/ who等引导【高考考点一览】 正确判断使用关系代词和关系副词。 表示所有格的whose和of which之间的转换。whose +n = the +n +of which = of which + the +n 只能用that引导不能用which引导的定语从句以及只能用which不用that引导的定语从句的特点。 “介词 + which”引导的定语从句及其与关系副词引导的定语从句之间的转换。 as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别。 as引导的定语从句的常见句型。 特殊句型【解题思路】根据从句所缺的成分填关系代副词1从句缺主语，填who that which 2从句缺宾语，填whom that which3从句缺表语，填that 4从句缺定语，填whose5从句缺状语，填when where why 6关系词代替一个句子，填as which【高考难点解析】1作定语用whose =the+ n+ of which=of which the + n(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注意： “介词 + whose +名词”引导定语从句。如：I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard. 2as 和which 引导定语从句的区别（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。 They are hollow, which makes them very light. As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. （2）as引导的非限制性定语从句表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示消极的意义，则只用which。如：He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope. 他在事业中成功了，这正是我们大家所希Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad. 她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。(3) 当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时，只能用which, 而不可用 as。如：He has a new computer, for which he paid nearly ten thousand Yuan. （4）as引导限制性定语从句多与such、so或the same连用，它可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. I shall do it in the same way as you did. (5) as常用于一些固定结构中。如：as is well known / as we all know 众所周知；as is said above 正如上面所说；as might be imagined 正像所想象的那样；as is reported 如报道所说；as has been pointed 如所指出的那样；as is expected 正如所料。3 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where试比较： Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 4、表示部分与整体of which/whom在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/whom或者of which/whom都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women. He has lots of books, most of which are English ones. 注意这里的of which不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的of which不同5.使用关系副词注意的问题关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during) + which; where = in (at, on) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 6. 特殊句型the only one of + n + 定语从句（用单数谓语动词）one of + the +n+定语从句（用复数动词）such as引导定语从句 与such that 引导结果状语从句This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand. This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it. 当situation, condition,stage, point，scenes 做先行词时，用where 引导定语从句when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句的区别Please make a mark where you have any question.(从句： )Please make a mark at the place where you have any question. (从句： )the way 做先行词时，关系词的选择应根据the way 在定语从句中所做的成分来决定I dont like the way_he is treated The way_you thought of to solve the problem is very usefulPlease find a way _is the key to solving the problemthe reason做先行词时，关系词的选择应根据the reason在定语从句中所做的成分来决定The reason_I was late was that I was caught in a traffic jamI dont believe the reason_he gave for his being late 成分残缺：Is this factory the one that you visited last year？ Is this the factory that you visited last year? from + 关系副词where等；He stood beside the window，from where he could see what happened outside 。【2010年高考真题】1. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet_life has developed gradually. （10福建）A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 2. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. （10湖南） A. who B. where C. when D. which3 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. （江西）A where B who C which D what4. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. （10山东） A. that B. which C. whose D. What5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which6. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? （10天津）You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 7After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，_ turned out to be a wise decision（四川） Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere 8. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfather. （10全国）A. which B. where C. what D. that 9. The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. （10江苏） A. that B. it C. what D. which 11. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. （陕西） A. where B. which C. its D. Whose12. I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. （10全国）A. who B. that C. as D. what13. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. （北京） A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing14. In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. （重庆）A. where B. which C. whose D. that15The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. （浙江）AwhomBwhich CthemDthose【2009年高考真题】1.(09山东24)Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 2.(09宁夏海南28)She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these3.(09江苏23)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. if B. when C. which D. since4.(09天津5)A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever5.(09陕西11)Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 6.(09上海34)Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now Ks5uA. where B. when C. there D. which Ks5u7.(09江西26)The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 8.(09四川20)Shell never forget her stay there _ _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 9.(09辽宁23)Theyve won their last three matches. _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 10.(09福建24)Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 11.(09浙江14)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. whichB. whereC. how D. why12.(09重庆34)Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where 13.(09湖南26)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose14.(09全国17)My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 15.(09北京26)What do you think of teacher ,Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting . A. where B. which C. when D. that 【2008年高考真题】1.(08北京28)Ill give you my friends home address，I can be reached most evenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where2.(08安徽26)All the neighbors admire this family，_the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that3.(08江西35)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readersconsumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which4.(08湖南31)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，are beyond our control.A.most of themB.most of whichC.most of whatD.most of that5.(08陕西13)The man pulled out a gold watch，were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whomB.whom the hands ofC.which the hands of D.the hands of which6.(08四川4)For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further， New York is an example.A.for which B.in whichC.of whichD.from which7.(08重庆21)They will fly to Washington， they plan to stay for two or three days.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when8.(08浙江8)Yesterday she sold her car， _ she bought a month ago.A. when B. where C. that D. which9.(08福建31)By nine oclock，all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma， appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of which B.on whichC.from whichD.above which10.(08江苏24)The Science Museum， we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of Londons tourist attractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where11.(08山东26)Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when【2007年高考真题】1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. 2007 上海卷 A. whichB. thatC. where D. it2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. 2007 山东卷 Athat Bthere Cwhich Dwhere 3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 2007 安徽卷 A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom4. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy2007 北京卷A. that B.which C. what D. whom5. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. 2007 湖南卷 A. who B. which C. what D. that 6. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. 2007 江苏卷 A. after whichB. after thatC. in which D. in that7. After graduation she reached a point in her career she heeded to decide what to do. 2007 江西卷 A.that B.what C.which D.where8. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. 2007 全国卷I A. then B. there C. while D. where9. Today, well discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 2007 陕西卷A.which B.as C.why D.where10. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad2007 上海春AthatBall that Call whatDwhich11. It is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. 2007 四川卷 Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which12. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. 2007 天津卷A. when B. whose C. which D. where13. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. 2007 浙江卷 A. that B. which C. who D. where 14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. 2007 重庆卷A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which15. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. 2007 辽宁卷A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this16.The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. 2007 福建卷A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where【2006年高考真题】1.(06天津12) The Beatles_many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as2.(06天津14)There is much chanceBill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if3.(06辽宁25) I was told that there were about 50 foreign studentChinese in the school，mostwere from Germany.A.study;of whomB.study;of themC.studying;of themD.studying;of whom4.(06浙江13)I was given three books on cooking，the firstI really enjoyed.A.of thatB.of whichC.thatD.which5.(06福建22)Look out!Dont get too close to the houseroof is under repair.A.whoseB.whichC.of whichD.that6.（06陕西）She was educated at Beijing University, _she went on to have her advanced study abroad. A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that7.（06湖南）We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us.，_we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which8.（06江苏） The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. A. whoB. thatC. asD. which9.（06江西）Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes ,theres one point we must insist on. Awhy B. where Chow D/ 10.（06辽宁）I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school , most _ were from Germany . A. study ; of whom B. study ; of them C. studying ; of them D. studying ; of whom11.（06山东）Were just tying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk. Awhere Bthat Cwhen Dwhich12. （06重庆）I saw a woman running to ward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_ she had come. A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which【2005年高考真题】1.(05广东)35. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _people were eaten by the tiger.A. in whichB. by whichC. whichD. that 2.(05湖北)29Her sister has become a lawyer,_she wanted to be.A.who B.thatC.whatD.which3.(05上海卷)40. If a shop has chairs_ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. thatB. which C. whenD. where 4.(05江苏卷)32. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; whereB. at which; which C. at which; whereD. which; in which 5.(05江西卷)25.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _they are being trained. A in that B for that C in whichD for which 6.(05全国卷1)24I have many friends ,_some are businessmen .A of them B from which Cwho of D of whom 7.(05天津卷)13. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _effects the people are still suffering. A. that B.whose C. those D. what 8.(05浙江卷)2.Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office.A .which Bthat CthisDit 9.(05辽宁卷)28I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. A.which B.when C.where Dthat10.(05北京卷)35. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there?A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 11.(05山东卷)30.He was educated at a local grammar school, _he went on to Cambridge.A from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this 【1986-2004年高考真题】1. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. ( 86 ) A. whichB. hisC. whoseD. with2. Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. ( 87 ) A. whichB. whatC. whateverD. that3. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. ( 88 ) A. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose4. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. ( 89 ) A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which5. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. ( 90 ) A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which6. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. ( 91 ) A. itB. thatC. whic