英汉量词对比简述.doc

Abstract Measure words are necessary in any languages. (Zhao Xiandong, 1997). As China has a long cultural history the measure words in Chinese are much more developed than those in English. Compared with Chinese measure words there is not unique definition of measure words in English. But this is not to say there is not notion and phrases about measure words in English. And there are a lot of quantity words in English.There is a long history of Chinese measure words and there must be some proper measure words between nearly every numeral and noun. Those measure words are more systematic with strong polishing function. In the view of classification measure words in Chinese can be divided into noun measure words and dynamic measure words and each of them can be divided further. In English all the measure words exist except for individual noun measure words.There are many differences of measure words between English and Chinese. Such as the numeral in Chinese cannot be linked with noun directly and measure words must be added between them, while a lot of measure words are unnecessary in English. What is more, measure words in English cannot be repeated just as those in Chinese do. On the other hand, the same usages of measure words in the two languages exist also. For example no matter in English or in Chinese the measure words have certain characteristics linking with the following nouns. And both Chinese and English have measure words that can be linked with various nouns, and so on.The measure words actually finally foreshadow the translation of measure words. In English the measure words are easy to be translated into Chinese. On the contrary, as in Chinese the measure words own rhetoric and great capacity some of those Chinese measure words can not find properly English words to translate. However, difficulties testify that people do not understand the translation method clearly. Thus it is necessary to discuss further. The author divides translation methods and chooses some famous sentences as translating examples, hoping what I write can make the translation of measure words becoming clearer.Key Words: Chinese Measure Words; English Measure Words; Regular Translation; Irregular Translation 摘 要量词在任何语言中都是毕不可少的。（赵献东，许昌师专报，“汉英量词的对比与研究”，1997）由于中华民族的悠久历史，汉语的量词比英语的要发达的多。相比之下英语当中却没有独立的量词定义。但并不是说英语中没有量词的概念，英语中也有很多相当于量词的词和短语。汉语量词有很长的发展历史几乎每一个数词后名词前都必有相应的量词，而且更为系统化，有很强的修饰功能。从分类来看汉语量词可以分为名量词和动量词。名量词和动量词又可以进一步分类。英语量词分类除部分个体名量词外，其余各种量词英语中都有。虽汉英量词存在很多不同之处。如不像有些英语量词的用法，汉语的数词不能与名词直接相连，必接量词。还有，英语量词不能像汉语那样叠用。但也不乏相同之处。像无论汉语还是英语当中量词往往与其连接名词有某种特征相连。汉语与英语都存在着可以与多种不同类别的名词连接的量词等。比较汉英量词最终还是为更好的翻译做铺垫。英语中的量词译成汉语是相对较易的。而汉语量词修辞功能强，量多，在英语中找到相应的量词很有一些困难。但越有困难越说明人们对它的了解不够