冀教版八年级上英语知识要点(1-8单元).doc

Lesson 1 Li Ming is back to school1.over the summer holiday 在暑假期间eg. Have you changed over the summer holiday?over相当于during2.be back 回来eg: I am back home. Li Ming is back to school.3.have classes=have lessons 上课 eg: Everyone has six classes.4.Its bigger than yours.big的比较级是bigger, yours为名词性物主代词5.I have more teachers and more funmore是many和 much的比较级6.I was happy to see your e-mail.7.It s fun to get e-mail from China. Its+名词+不定式。 It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do fun 是不可数名词。funny是形容词8.We go from room to roomfrom to 从到Lesson2 Many faces, One picture1.photo=photographtake a photo/ take photos照相2.Li Ming and Wang Mei are looking at their photographs for the class picture.look at 看for the class picture用作班级集体照3.I look like a little boy in it.look like看起来像4May I see your picture?May I?用来表示征求对方的意见。肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustnt .eg: -May I watch Tv,Mum?-No,you mustnt. You must do homework first.5.Here it is.给你 ，在这儿当主语是名词时，语序要变化，eg:- Please show me the book on the left. -OK.Here it is.=(Here is the book.)6Bring a photograph or drawing of yourself to school.1）drawing画像 2） yourself你自己，是反身代词3）bring带来 take 带走Lesson 3 Getting to Know You!1.write down 写下，记下Please write down their names.请写下他们的名字。2.dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事I dislike playing basketball.我不喜欢打篮球。3.love/hate doing /to do sth. 喜爱/讨厌做某事He love eating meat,but she hate eating meat.他爱吃肉，但她讨厌吃肉。4.play the violin 拉小提琴I like playing the violin.我爱拉小提琴。5.go for walks 去散步 Lets go for walks.让我们去散步。6.get out of bed = get up 起床Please get out of bed/get up.起床7.I have one more question. 我还有一个问题。句中的more可表示“再；另外的；其他的”。She wants three more tickets. 她再要三张票。8.either, too, also 也(either 用于否定句, 句尾; too 用于肯定句 ,句尾 ; also 用于肯定句 , 句中 ,be动词后 , 实意动词前) She is a student, _too_. I dont like rain, _either_. He is _also_ in the classroom.Lesson4 On a School Day1.Something different all year round.一年到头万物不同。形容词作定语，修饰名词，一般情况下放在名词之前；但修饰以-thing为结尾的不定代词时，要放在它的后面，语法上称之为定语后置。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉你。2.Sweaters are made of wool. 毛衣是羊毛制成的。be made of + 材料（能看出原材料的）”,意为“某物由制成的”。The table is made of wood. 这个桌子是木制的。Lesson 5 The Best Clothes1. gray adj. 灰色的 He has a gray bag.2. silly adj. 傻的 He is very silly. 聪明的 clever adj.3.voice n. 声音 ,说话声 She has a beautiful voice. noise n. 噪音 Dont make a noise. sound 泛指各种声音 4.paint v. 画，涂 He is painting. n. 涂料，颜料 He colored with paint.5.very much I like the backpack very much.6.not any more =notanymore He doesnt live here anymore.7think of 想起 what do you think of ? 你认为怎么样 Lesson6 Meet Ms. Liu1.be ready to do sth. 准备做某事 He is ready to go home.be ready for sth 为 做准备Im ready for exam.2. introduce Introduce me to roduce oneself 自我介绍3Mr 先生 Mrs 女士 已婚女士丈夫的姓 Miss 未结婚的女士 Ms 不明婚姻状况的女士4marry sb 与 结婚 I married him.be married 结婚的 He is married.5.be scared of sb /sb 害怕（某人 某事）He is scared of snake.be scared of doing /to do 害怕做某事m scared of meeting snake6.nervous adj. 紧张的 be nervous He is nervous.Dont be nervous.Lesson7 Jennys Week1. keep a diary/write a diary 写日记2.onethe other (两者之中的) 一个另一个3.go to the movies 去电影院4.buy sb. sth = buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物5.introduce A to B把A介绍给B6.invite to邀请去7动词过去式特殊形式：am/is -was are-were lose-lost-lost buy-bought-bought wear-wore-wornLesson9-10重点1、Dont be late for class.别上学迟到。2、I have painted six new pictures this week.这周我已经画了六福画。3、I hope youll show them to me sometime.我希望有一天你将给我看它们。4、Im not going to be a painter when Im older.当我长大时，我不打算成为画家。5、You dont need to be good at it.(need to do sth) 你不需要擅长它。6、in two minutes,两分钟后。7、too much homework.太多的家作。8、the best way to learn English.学英语的最好方法。9、be short for 是的缩写10、 makedo 使做11、 Everyoneexcept 人人除了（不包含）12、 seedo 看到做13、 helpwith 帮助做14、 have an exam.考试15、give sb some good advice 给某人一些好的建议。Lesson11 WhatsYourFavouritesubject?1、For our project. We will play basketball. 球类前不加the. 乐器前必须加:play the piano “弹钢琴” play the violin “拉小提琴”。 The boy often plays the piano on Sundays. 2、It would be fun to study about China. “It +系动词+带to的不定式”结构中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是带to的不定式。 It is easy to learn English. 3、I liked drawing when I was a little boy. 当我是个小男孩的时候，我喜欢画画。 “when,before,after”引导的时间状语从句，遵从主从一改原则。主句用过去时，从句也用相应的过去时。Before I went to work, I drank another cup of tea. 在我上班之前，我又喝了一杯茶。 4、Turn out the light. 熄灭灯 Turn on是turn out的反义词，也可以说成turn off.指开关电器一类的东西，同时turnup表示“开大点”，turndown表示“拧小点”。5、Weshouldstoptalking.我们应该停止谈话。“should”情态动词“应该”，后接动词原形。Theyshouldgothereontime.他们应该按时去那。Stoptodo停下来去做某事。Stopdoing停止做某事。Westoptoeatsomebread.我们停下来去吃面包。6、关于定语从句Findsomeclassmateswholikethesamesubject.找到喜欢同一科的一些同学。Wholikethesamesubject作定语，修饰classmates，是定语从句。Herearesomethingsyoucando.这是你能做的一些事。 Lesson12Tick-tock1.Whatthetime?几点了？ 还可以说：Whattimeisit?回答时用ItsWhatdoesthisclocksay?这表几点了？2.时刻表达法1)时在前，分在后，直接用基数词来表达例如：twothirty2:30;fivefive5:052)分在前，时在后，分和时之间要加一个介词to或past.当分钟在（含）之前时，用past;当分钟在之后时用to,to表示差例如：:20twentypasttwo4:30thirtypastfour6:35twenty-fivetoseven(差分不到点):50tentonine(差分不到点)3)当分钟是，时用quarter来表示例如：9:15aquarterpastnine11:45aquartertotwelve(差一刻不到点)当分钟是时，常用half来表示例如：6:30halfpastsix10:30halfpastten Lesson13LookingforLisa1.Is there a library in your school?在你们学校有图书馆吗？ there be在某地有某物变一般疑问句时，be提前，变否定句时，在be后加not. 例如： There arent any desks in the room.在屋子里没有桌子 2. Is it important to be on time? 守时很重要吗？ it 是形式主语，真正的主语是带to的不定式例如： It is easy to draw a picture like this.画这样的一副画很容易 3.What mistakes does Danny make in the library?丹尼在图书馆犯了什么错误？ make a mistake犯错误，也可以说成make mistakes 例如： They made some mistakes in the maths exam. 他们在数学考试中犯了一些错误 You cantmakesmistakeamistakeagain.你不能再犯错误了4. work on从事于，致力于例如： They have worked on this problem for ten years. 他们做这个项目有十年之久了 5.Ill show you where it is.我来指给你它在哪？ where it is 做Ill show 的宾语从句宾语从句用相应的陈述语序例如：I want to know if you are a doctor. Do you know where he is goong.你知道它要去哪吗？ 6.No noise ,please！禁止喧哗！ 等于Dont make a noise.类似的短语还No smoking !禁止吸烟o parking!禁止停车相当于一个否定的祈使句 辨析：noise, voice 与sound noise, voice,sound都有声音的意思Noise指“噪音”“吵闹声”例如：Dontmake any noise,cildre.孩子们，别在吵了。voice 指“噪音”，人说话或唱歌的声音，有时也指鸟叫的音。ThissoundslikeMarysvoice. Sound指物的响声例如：Thatisthesoundofacar.那是小汽车的声音7.ItoldLisawewouldworkonourbasketballprojecttogether.我告诉Lisa我们将一起做我们的篮球项目wouldwork是过去将来时的结构形式过去将来时态是指在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作过去将来时态常用于宾语从句中结构：would+动词原形（would是助动词will的过去式）Hesaidhewillbuyasweaternextweek.Lesson 14 Irfan studied ChinaLanguage Points:1. the most interestingWhi The most interesting 是interesting 的最ch one is the most interesting?高级, 三者或三者以上之间的比较用最高级. 形容词的最高级的变化规则:1). 一般情况下比较级直接加-er, 最高级直接加-est.例如: longlonger-longest 2).以不发音字母e 结尾的, 直接加-r, -st.例如:latelater-latest3). 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er, -est. 例如:bigbigger biggest4).三个或三个以上音节的形容词, 加more 变比较级,加most变最高级. 例如:deliciousmore deliciousmost delicious5).不规则形容词的比较级和最高级good/wellbetterbest; bad-worse-worst;many/ muchmoremost; littlelessleast farfartherfarthest; far-furtrer-furthest.2. taketoWhen we studied China, our teacher took us to a Chinese restauant and a Chinese grocery store. took 是take的过去式. “taketo” 把某人带到某地Please take the box to the next room.请把这个箱子搬到隔壁的屋子.His father always takes him to the park on Sundays.每逢星期天,他的父亲总是带他去公园.3.Thats a funny name, isnt it?这是一个反意疑问句.反意疑问句的结构不同于一般疑问句和特殊疑问句, 它是由陈述句+反意疑问词构成. 反意疑问词部分由助动词+陈述部分主语的相应代词。如果陈述句是肯定式,反意疑问部分则用否定式,陈述部分用否定式,反意部分则用肯定式,即所谓”前否定,后肯定；前肯定,后否定”.反意疑问部分通常译为”是不是,不是吗”等.例如:Its sunny today, isnt it? 今天天气晴朗,不是吗?He went to Beijing yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天去了北京,不是吗?4. is called是被动语态的结构形式被动语态表示句子的主语和谓语之间的一种动宾关系, 该句中用来强调it即”北京. 被动语态的结构是be+及物动词的过去分词. 例如:Football is played all over the world. 全世界都踢球.His hair is cut every month. 他每月理一次发.Lesson 15 Karens hair stood upLanguage Points:1、give talks做报告,有时也说give a talkToday we give our talks to the class about our favourite subjects.今天我们给同学们作了一个关于我们最喜欢的学科的报告.e.g. The picture always makes me remember my holiday. 这张照片总让我想起我的假期.2、Make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 make 使役动词,后接动词时,用动词原形. 例如:The boss (老板) often makes him do a lot of work.老板经常让他做许多工作.remember to do 记住去做某事(还没做); remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已经做了)Remember to turn off the light before you go out.出门之前要记得关灯.3. Everyone was very surprised.大家都很吃惊Surprised (形容词)“吃惊的”surprise (名词)“令某人吃惊的事”To ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是例如：To our surprise，he got the first this time.使我们吃惊的是他这次Lesson 17 I Love Autumn1. have to: 必须、只好（强调客观的需要）must： 必须（强调主观的需求）e.g: Its raining now. He has to stay here.You dont have to tell her the news.2. I wonder.我想知道e.g: I wonder why Li Ming is late again.3.in early /late 月份 表示某月初末e.g: We begin school in early September.4.Thanksgiving= Thanksgiving Day 感恩节加拿大的感恩节是每年10月的第二个星期一。美国的感恩节通常在11月的最后一个星期四。Lesson18 Get Ready for Turkey1. be away form离一段距离，离开e.g： Toms farther is away form home.far away 远离，在远处e.g: My home is far away.2.So 助动词主语 也一样 e.g：-Im thirsty. -So am I. So主语 助动词 的确如此e.g：-Its raining. - So it is.Lesson 19 Get a Present for Li Ming!1.clothing store 服装店eg: They go into a clothing store.2.What can I do for you？/May(Can) I help you?/Is there anything I can do for you? 常用于售货员和顾客问候的交际用语。3.blow out 吹灭eg: I like blowing out birthday candles.4. what size? .多大尺寸？eg: What size shoes do you want?5. the same size as 和一样尺寸 eg:Li Ming is the same size as Brian. the same +名词+as 相同的eg: Her coat is the same colour as her mothers.6. try on 试穿（如果是代词要放中间）eg: Try on this jacket,please! Try it on!7. Does it fit? 它合适吗？8. I dont think Li Ming would like that jacket anyway.我认为李明无论如何也不想要那件夹克。9. He get another jacket. 他拿了另外一件夹克。 another 再一，另一。Eg: Dont lose heart. Have another try. 别灰心，再试一试。表示两个中的“另一个”时，要用 the other;Eg: I have two rulers.One is long and the other is short.(我有两把尺子，一把长，一把短。)表达“另外的一些，还有的”时，要用others; Eg: After class, some play basketball; others play football.（课后有的打篮球，有的踢足球。）表达 “（除一些外的）其余的”时，要用the others.Eg: There are twenty girls in our class. The others are boys.（我们班有二十个女生，其余的是男生。）Lesson 20 Celebrate!1.Lets all get together. 让我们欢聚一堂。 get together 团聚，聚会 eg: When do your old classmates usually get together?(你的老同学们通常是什么时候聚会？)2.mean 用作动词，“意思是”。名词是“meaning” Eg: What does that word mean?Whats the meaning of that word?4.Lets get something special for Grandma.(让我们给奶奶准备一些特别的东西。)形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词之后。Eg: My father often buys me something delicious.5.in different ways 用不同的方式，方法。 Eg: Can you work it out in different ways?(你能用不同的方法解出它吗？)Lesson 21 Happy Thanksgiving1. On Thanksgiving Day, Jenny goes to her grandparents house with her mother . Jenny和妈妈去祖父母的家。 grandparents名词所有格，“祖父母的” 注意：s结尾的名词所有格后面只加。例如： This is the twins home. 这是双胞胎的家。 Where are the teachers offices? 老师们的办公室在哪里？ These are the students jackets. 这是学生们的夹克。 另外注意以下两种情况： Jim and Kates father. Jim和Kate的父亲。 Jims and Li Leis fathers. Jim和李磊的父亲。2. Let me give you a big hug. 让我热烈拥抱你。 hug可做名词或动词，意为“拥抱”。例如： Jim hugged his mother warmly. Jim热烈地拥抱了他妈妈。 Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事。3. Its good to see you. 见到你们很高兴。 此句是不定式短语to see you 做主语，用形式主语it来代替的句子。在英语中，当不定式作主语时，通常用it来作形式主语，而把真正的主语即不定式短语放在后面，例如： To learn English well is hard. 学好英语很难，常表示为： Its hard to learn English well. Its not easy to swim well. 游好泳不容易。4. Are my cousins coming tonight? 我的堂兄弟今晚要来吗？ 此句是进行时表示的将来时 come, go, leave, arrive等词可以用进行时表示将来时 We are going to the park with my daughter. 我们将要和女儿去公园。 Theyre leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他们明天要去北京。Lesson 22 Presents from Canada!1. Jenny and Danny are making birthday cards for Li Ming. Jenny和Danny在为李明制作生日贺卡。 make sb. sth = make sth. for sb. 为制作 Make a model plane for me = Make me a model plane. 给我做一个飞机模型 sb. 和sth是双宾语2. Jenny passes him her card. Jenny递给他她的卡片。 pass sb. sth. 递某物给某人。 pass sth. to sb./ pass后面也跟的是双宾语，但注意介词的不同。例如： Buy me a book. = Buy a book for me. 给我买本书。 Pass me a cup of tea. = Pass a cup of tea to me. 递给我一杯茶。 跟双宾语的动词，把间宾放于直宾后面时介词随动词改变。 另外，直宾（指物的）为代词时，只能放于间宾前，如： Give the watch to Mr Hu. = Give Mr Hu the watch. 把表给胡先生。the watch用it表示时只能表达为Give it to Mr Hu. 不可以说： Give Mr Hu it. （） 3. Best wishes to you on your thirteenth birthday. 祝你十三岁生日快乐。 wish名词或动词 意为“愿望，祝愿”，例如： Best wishes to you and your mother! 祝你和你的母亲一切顺利。 I wish you a long life. 我祝你长寿。 4. Brian closes the box with tape. Brian 用胶带封好盒子。 close with tape. 用胶带封闭 with，介词“用” 例如： Write the letter with a pen. 用钢笔写这封信。 I see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 We speak with our mouths. 我们用嘴说话。5. He writes Li Mings address on the top of the box. 他把李明的地址写在盒子上面。 on the top of 意思是“在上面”，例如： There is some snow on the top of the mountain. 山顶上有一些雪。 Two birds are sitting on the top of the house. 两只鸟站在房顶上。6. All ready! 都准备好了！7. Come on, Lets go to the post office. 快点，让我们去邮局吧！ 8. Jenny mails things, but you post them, Brian. mail和post意思相同，只是mail多见于北美英语，post多见于英国英语。Lesson 23 LiMings Happy Birthday!1.many thanks for 因而非常感谢 Many thanks for helping me! Many thanks for your help!2. I love the jacket you gave me,Jenny. you give me做定语从句修饰 jacket，又如： This is the pen she bought me.3.in fashion 时尚的，时髦的，流行的 follow the fashion 赶时髦 be out of the fashion 不再流行4.fitwell 非常合身 The shirt fit me well last year. It fits me well today. It will fit me next year.5.turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn up / down调大/调小Please turn off the lights when you leave the classroom! Its dark,please turn on the light!6.think of 想起，想到 Who will you think of when we talk about basketball?第23课be in fashion 流行，时尚 补充：be out of fashion 不流行 follow the fashion 赶时髦fitvery well 非常合身think of 想到，想起turn off 关掉补充：turn out 熄灭carryinto 把端进blow out 或 blow out 吹灭 如果跟代词，必须放中间第24课in early/ late November 在十一月上旬/下旬be away from home 离家在外blow out 吹灭the same size as 和同一尺寸try on 试穿get together 团聚givea big hug 热情拥抱Thanksgiving dinner 感恩节晚餐sendto 把寄给on the top of 在顶上All ready! 一切都准备好了！The style is in fashion 这个款式很时尚。fit well 非常合身turn off 关掉Lesson 25 No Stopping! 1.No stopping! 不要停下来!no加上名词或v-ing 可以构成表示禁止性的警示语。eg. 禁止吸烟! No smoking! 禁止停车! No parking!谢绝参观 ! No visitors! 2. on ones/ way to 意为 “在去某地的路上。” 注意：接地点副词(如here, there ,home)时，要省略to。 eg. 我在上学的路上遇见我的老朋友。 I met my old friend on my way to school. 我经常在回家的路上买些吃的。 She often buys some food on her way home.3.take a bus 和 by bus 意思都是“乘公共汽车”前者是动词作谓语,后者是介词短语作状语。 eg. 我乘公共汽车去超市。 I take a bus to the supermarket. 我乘公共汽车去上学。 I go to school by bus.4. go/ walk past/ by 意为“走/路过”past 用作介词, 和动词连用,表示“经过” eg. 我经常走过那个花园。I often walk past the garden. pass 用作动词,意思是“经过。”eg. 当你走过那家商店时,你能买到一些水果 You can buy some fruits when you pass the shop.注意：1） pass 相当于 go past , walk past, go by, walk by 2）passed 的发音与 past 相同 /pa:st/ 5.cross 是动词, across 是介词,不能单独作谓语,但可以和动词搭配使用。意思是, “横穿” eg.当交通灯红的时候,我们不能横穿马路。 We cant cross the road when the traffic light is red. We cant go across the road when the traffic light is red.Lesson 26 The Best Neighbourhoodneed sth. to do sth.意为“需要做某事”eg. 他们需要一个图书馆来读书。They need a library to read books.2. make sb. + adj.(形容词）,形容词作宾语补足语,意为“使/让某人”eg. 我的工作让我很开心。My work makes me happy.3. Over here is a video shop. over here意为“在这儿” over 1） adv. 越过，穿过Can you jump over the wall? 2) adv.结束，完毕The meeting will be over at 2. 3) prep.超过，高于It costs over ten dollars.4. Ill show you later when Im done.Im done. = I finish it. 5. a lot of = lots of = many/muchLesson 27 知识点社区名词： 购物中心shopping center 停车场 a parking lot 一家银行 a bank短语：方位介词短语 在左/右边on the left/right 在购物中心旁边 by/beside the shopping center 在银行上方 above the bank 在对面 across from 朝右 to the right 在右上角in the top right corner 其他短语： 玩地图游戏 play the map game 左边的地图 the map on the left重点句子。Whats that place beside the shopping center? 介词短语作定语，放在所修饰名词之后。这里的 beside the shopping center? 修饰名词place. Theres always a parking lot by a shopping centre. by有三种用法：“在之旁，靠近” = beside Theres a small house by the river.B. 经过，路过 = past He walked by me without noticing me.C. 表示方式、方法 He goes to school by bike every day.shopping centre “购物中心”，V+ing形式可以用来修饰名词，表示用途,如：parking lot; swimming pool, reading roomLesson 28 知识要点1. 谈论左右方向：在左/右边 on the left/right 向左/右转 turn left/right 向左/右看 look left/right2. walk along 沿着/顺着走 （也可用walk down go down go along ） I walked along the river with my sister yesterday evening. 想一想，上面的短语还可以怎么说？注意时态。3。on the sidewalk 在人行道上4. 穿过街道cross the street = go across the treet cross v. 穿过/越 across prep. 穿过/越5. Excuse me, can you tell me _( 去电影院的路)？去哪儿的路 the way