形容词总结.doc

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级方园辅导形容词/副词形容词的定义:形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。一般来说，中文意思是“的”的词是形容词形容词的用法形容词的用法1.什么是形容词？形容词用来修饰_，表示_的属性，一般放在它所修饰_。2.形容词所做的句子成分形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。（在句中的位置）例如：（1）.一般放在be 或连系动词（五个感官动词 look, feel ,smell, taste, sound；三个变得 turn get, become; 保持keep, seem等）的后面做表语.Thefishwentbad.（作表语）The dictionary is very useful and helpful to all of us. She looks happy today because she got an A in the test.（2）放在名词前作定语，修饰名词。Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.（作定语）This is a very useful and helpful dictionary.注意：形容词修饰名词，放在名词的前面；当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时（something,anything,nothing,everything）,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后. else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Did you see anybody else? e.g. Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ?I have something important to tell you.Is there anything interesting in the film.（3）做宾语补足语，常用在下面动词后：keep, make, find, feel, think 等等。常见句型有：keep sth. +adj. make sb.+adj. find/feel/think it +adj. to do sth.Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.（作宾语补足语） We should keep the windows open to let the fresh air in.What the boy does makes his parents happy.You will find it rather easy to work out the math problems.实例：The little boy is lovely. （1.放be,seem,look,get 等连系动词后作表语）The news made us sad. （2.放在宾语后作宾语补足语）This is a nice room （3.作定语,放在修饰的名词前）I have something important to tell you. （4.作定语，放在不定代词之后）She is five years old . （5.deep, long, high, tall, away, wide作定语时放在名词之后）The rich should help the poor . （5.与the连用，表示某类人或物）注意：表示长、宽、高、深和年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后e.g. He is six years old.The river is 200 meters long. The tree is 20 meters tall. 副词的定义：副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。中文意思是“地”的词是副词。副词的用法1.什么是副词？副词用来修饰_、形容词和其它副词等，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。实例：It rained heavily. （修饰动词,放在动词之后）The book is quite good . (修饰形容词,放在形容词之前)He sings quite well . （修饰副词,放在副词之前）2.副词在句中所做的成分副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语（副词在句中的位置）1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Hestudiesveryhard.（作状语）Mr Smith works very hard. She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：She is seldom ill.He usually gets up early. Ive never heard him singing.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面,但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：Life here is full of joy.（作定语）On my way home,I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.5）一些表示地点的副词可以作表语Isanybodyhere?Is he in?When will you be back?（作表语）He is back(back是副词)。The light isn still on (on是副词)。3. 副词的构成： A.本身就是副词：如：now, there, rather由形容词加词尾ly变来，如：happily, firmly, luckilyC. 与形容词同形 adj. adv early(早的) early（早） high（高的） high（高高地） long（长的，长久的） long （长久地）注意： enough 修饰名词时，放在名词前， 但修饰形容词和副词时则要放在他们的后面：Here we have enough chairs for each student.He is working hard enough to catch up with his classmates.小练习：1.动词+副词 动词后如有宾语，副词放在宾语后面She speaks English _(good, well).2. quite a + 形容词 + 名词 a + very / rather +形容词+名词 一个相当不错的女孩 quite a good girl a very / rather good girl3the+形容词（表示一类人或物），谓语用复数The rich should help the poor. the rich the poor the wounded the old the young the blind the injured the disabled4有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用， the British，the English， the French，the Chinese5用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每个人，无论男人、妇女，老人和年轻人应该参加会议。6形容词前的修饰词的顺序：即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等) 描绘性形容词(beautiful, interesting)大小、长短、高低形容词形状、年龄、新旧形容词颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词用途、类别形容词 中心名词。a(an)+修饰性形+size+shape+age+colour+出处+材料+用途+中心词7Well 作形容词时, 只表示健康状况.Shes been ill a lot recently but shes looking very well now.8.貌似副词的形容词：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely silly, likely, deadly, daily, weekly, monthly9修饰比较级常用even, much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any等.He is much stronger than the boy on the floor.This problem is far more difficult than that one.This ruler is a little longer than that one.10.表语形容词 通常只作表语的形容词有：well ,alone ,ashamed ,glad ,sure ,unable ,asleep ,awake , alive ,alike , afraid等。上述形容词不能作前置定语，但alive , asleep可作后置定语。如He is the greatest poet alive 只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的My elder brother is in Beijing.（正）My brother is elder. （误）形容词常用句型1.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good，kind，nice，polite ，clever ，foolish ，lazy ，careful，careless，right（正确的），wrong等。 Its very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.）2.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb .3副词修饰形容词和副词时，应放在被修饰的词之前副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。He didnt work _ _(足够努力）We have _ _(足够时间）.I have got enough books.=I have got books enough.4. good & well good （形容词）well （副词）只有表身体好才用作形容词5. too, either & also “也” also (_, _) too （肯定，句末）either (_, _)练习1 Tony is _ boy. A. a quite smart B. very a smart C. quite a smart2. It is raining _. A. heavy B. heavily C. big3. Bill is running _ catch up others.A. enough quickly B. quick enoughC. quickly enough4. I have never been there, _.A.too B.either C. also限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。3. 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词：通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如：He often comes to school late. He is never been to Beijing.What are we going to do tomorrow?2)地点副词：通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs. Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly. The birds are flying high.Please listen to the teacher carefully. He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good. She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how,when,where,why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词： 用作介词： Stand up! 起立！用作副词：A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3）以where 构成的副词也是地点副词：Its the same everywhere. 到处都一样。方园辅导名词变形容词：1. 天气：cloud(y), sun(ny), wind(y), ice(y) 2. 称谓：friend(ly), mother(ly), brother(ly) 3. 表情感：care (ful), hope(ful), use(ful), luck(y) health(y), noise(y), care(less), hope(less). 注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important，necessary，difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，safe，useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible等。 Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.（=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.）3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad，pleased，sad，thankful等常接不定式。 Im very sad to hear the bad news.4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。Lei Feng is always ready to help others.He is sure to get to school on time.形容词的分类：通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述 形容词两类1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。例如：afraid， asleep, awake，alone等。 形容词的种类1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如：The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如：She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。3.-ing 形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，4. ed形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如： She looked tired.5. 合成形容词： warm-hearted 热心的， heart-breaking 令人心碎的ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested / interesting; excited / exciting; frightened / frightening; surprised / surprising; pleased / pleasing; moved / moving; disappointed / disappointing等。例 It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interestB. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest注：即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。如：He told me the news in an excited voice. The man is interesting.另外，glad, happy, sorry, angry, thankful, proud等形容词的主语只能是人；而pleasant, easy, necessary, important等则通常以事物或it作主语，因为它们是说明事物的。 A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant4.部分常用副词的用法1)very,much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。修饰动词要用very much.例如：She is a very nice girl Im feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.练习1.John is _ honest. Thank you _.This garden is_ bigger than that one.2)also，too，as well与either 的区别also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is _a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher _.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，_.I cant speak FrenchJenny cant speak French，_.She can dance,and I can dance,too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.练习1.Mary wont go and Peter wont go _.2.I didnt sing that song _.3.He sings and _ paints sometimes.4.He comes from Japan, me _.3)already,yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句疑问句中。例如：Have you heard from him yet?He has already left. He hasnt answered yet.The tea is already cold.茶已经凉了.The tea is still hot.茶还是热的.Is the tea cold yet? 茶已经冷了吗?练习1.I have _known that.2.Is your grandfather _living?3.Have you finished _?No, not _4)so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes footbal land so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.6）tooto表示“太而不能”My mother is getting too old to travel./He is too young to understand it./The box is too heavy to move. 这个箱子太重了以至于搬不动/The child is too young to go to school.这个孩子太小还不能上学7)sothat和suchthat区别 如此以至于The box is so heavy that I cant move it.He is such an honest boy that he never tells lies.So +形容词/副词+ thatso修饰形容词或副词Such+ a/an + 形容词+单数名词+that ；such 修饰名词，That book was so interesting that I finished it in a day.He is such a warm-hearted boy that each of his Classmates likes him.He is _ clever a boy.=He is _ a clever boy.8)名词前有many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用so 不用such .(多多少少仍用so) 但little 表示 “小的” 用such.There are _ little sheep on the hill .4以-ly结尾的形容词 1大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 2.有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。1.Tonys a _boy. He does everything_. A. care, careful B. carefully, careful C. careful, carefully2. Its raining _. The radio says there will be a _ rain tomorrow, too.A. heavy, heavily B. heavyly, heavy C. heavily, heavy3. The man looks _. A. friendly B. carefully C. slowly9）ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。1.He got to the place one month _.2._ 1998, he had finished writing that book.3.That was over 20 years _, but Tom remembered it clearly.4.It will be 5 months _ we meet again. 5.I saw him ten minutes _.6.He told me that he had seen the film_.10）.sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别sometime：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。sometimes：有时，不时的= at times some time：一段时间some times：几次，几倍1.Well have a test _next month.2._ we are busy and sometimes we are not.3. He stayed in Beijing for _ last year.4.I have been to Beijing _.11）now，just与just now的区别now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”just：与现在完成时连用，表示“刚”just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”1.Where does he live_？2.He was here_. 3.We have _ seen the film. 12）lonely / alone 的区别1).alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv.2).lonely 表示孤独,寂寞, 也可修饰地点,表示荒凉,偏僻的，常与feel 连用。3).alone 只作表语 (以a开头的形容词一般只作表语,不作定语)而lonely 既可作表语,也可作定语)1.He lives _ on a _ island .2. He is _ ,but he doesnt feel _.13)fast /quickly /soon 的区别.fast 表示速度之快 quickly表示动作之快 soon表示时间之快 Im leaving home this afternoon . Really ? Why so _?A .fast B. soon C. quickly D. early how often, how long, how soon ,how far how often 表示频率，常用once, twice, three times等来回答。 how long 表示持续多久，通常用”for+一段时间“或since+时间点”等来回答 how soon 表示“还要多久”，通常用和一般将来时连用，并用”in+一段时间“ 来回答 how far表示”多远“，通常用kilometers, .miles,” 或five minutes walk 等来回答。练习：用 how often, how long, how soon ,how far填空1._ have you been in London? For six months.2._ do you visit your grandparents? - Twice a month.3._ will you be ready? We have been waiting for you for an hour! - Sorry. I will be ready in ten minutes.4._ is your school from your home?-Its only about five minutes walk. I go to school every day on foot.形容词和副词的句法作用总结1.形容词放在名词之_作_，系动词之_作_，或作_。形容词作定语放在名词_，修饰something等不定代词要放在_面。 (1) It s a lovely picture. (2) He is very busy now.(3) Please keep the room clean.(4) I didnt find anything funny about it.形容词和副词的句法作用2.副词一般用作_语，修饰_（_）、_和_（_）、_，频度副词一般位于行为动词之_,系动词或第一个助动词之_ (1) People worked hard.(2) Hes very good and works very hard.(3) Luckily, he won the game. (4) He didnt always have enough to eat.有些常用副词，两种形式，意义不同。如：close 接近（指距离） closely 仔细地；密切地free免费freely自由地；自如地deep深 deeply深刻地hard努力地hardly几乎不wide宽widely广泛地high高highly高度地late晚；迟lately近来most最mostly主要地；绝大多数地副词的排列顺序： 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。1.方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：Please write slowly and carefully.多个.2不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。同时出现的不同种类的副词排列顺序一般为：频度副词被修饰动词程度副词方式副词地点副词时间副词 如：(你这学期在这儿总是努力学习).You _always_study_very_hard_here_this_term副词分类时间副词( now, then, soon, early, ago)频度副词( usually, never, sometimes)地点副词( here, home, near, above)方式副词(quickly, hard, suddenly)程度副词( much, almost, very, hardly)疑问副词( when, where, how, why)关系副词(when, where, why)连接副词(why, how, if, whether, when)cannot与enough连用，表示“再也不为过”。 You cannot be careful enough.你再细心也不为过。 【注】enough的这一用法可用“cannot(can never).too.”句型替换。You can never be too careful in the street.(You can never be careful enough in the street.)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级.大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。 形容词和副词的原级就是原形，比较级和最高级是在原形的基础上变化。分为规则和不规则变化。规则2：比较级than的句型：A 比较级+ than B. (1)比较级前可用much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, rather，even, still, a great deal等表示程度，但比较级前不能再用more，如：She sings far/much_better(好得多) than the others. (2)比较的对象要一致。一般说来，同等的两个事物才能比较，如：Toms bike is more_expensive_than_Jims(比Jim的昂贵)(Jims bike). The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai(比上海的气候)(3)比较级范围是由of引出两者之间的比较，比较级前要用定冠词，如： He is the_taller(较高的) of the two. 比较级前可用a bit, a little, rather, some(肯定句及请求或建议的问句中), any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍，一点”；用much, far, a great/good deal, a lot, lots, a good bit等表示“得多”。 规则3：1）比较级+and +比较级, 表示越来越Summer is coming, its getting hotter and hotter.2）The +比较级+主语+ 谓语, the +比较级+主语+谓语The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙, 他感到越高兴.和more有关的词组:3)the morethe more越就越。4) 一个人的两种品质的比较，用more.than结构：more B than A =less A than B 与其说A不如说B。I think shes more shy than unfriendly.与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。例如：He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。5)no more than 与一样，不比多。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。6)no less than与一样。例如：He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。8)more than不只是，非常。例如：She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。9) not more than “不够多”His books are not more than yours.10）.no比较级than的特殊含义A is no more careful than BA和B两人都不仔细。A is no less careful than BA和B两人都很仔细。规则1：(1)原级句型：A与B 相同/不同：as as，the same as, such as，not as (so)as如： Tom works _as_hard_as_(一样努力) Mary. He doesnt read _as/so_clearly_(一样清楚) as she. “asas”可用almost, quite, just, about, nearly, twice, by no means(根本不)修饰，置于“asas”前。(2) so用以替代第一个as时，只能用于否定句。(3) as much不可数名词as，而as many可数名词复数as，如 Bob has read _as_many_books_as_(一样多的书) Mary. (4) as adj. 不定冠词可数名词单数as，as adj.不可数名词as，如：Bread is _as_important_food_as_(一样重要的食物) rice.A与B在某一方面程度相同: as+原级+as A在某一方面不及B: Anot as/so+原级+as B.so+ 形容词原级+that丛句 such+名词that丛句He is so big that he cant enter the room bythe door . too+原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army. 形容词原级+ enough to do sth. This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.规则3：the比较级of the two名词：The taller of the two boys is my brother.这两个男孩中较高的是我弟弟。规则4.用介词by表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英尺。规则5.否定比较级最高级There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 比较的对象不能相互包容，注意than any other +单数比较级 表最高级的意思 比较级+than+形容词最高级前要加the, 副词最高级前可加可不加the the tallest (the) fastest最高级的规则1：the+最高级+in /of / amongMike is the tallest in our class.2. 最高级前省略the的情况.a. My happiest day (有物主代词修饰)3. Its a most useful book. (very)4. 最高级可被