第五讲 名词性从句.doc

第五讲 名词性从句名词性，在句中担任主语，宾语，表语，同位语根据担任成分不同，分为：宾语从句，主语从句，同位语从句，表语从句连接词：有且只能有一个连接词。that 陈述句whether （if）一般疑问句（是否）特殊疑问词what, when, where, why, which, how, whosewhatever, whoever, whomever 宾语从句： He told me (that) he had won the game. He asked me whether / if we would have the meeting. He asked me when/ where/ why/ how/ we would have the meeting. 主语从句：That he won the game surprised all of us.Whether we would have the meeting remained to be decided. When/ where/ why/ how we would have the meeting remained to be decided. 表语从句：The news was that he won the game.The question was whether we would have the meeting.The question was when/ where/ why/ how we would have the meeting. 同位语从句：The fact that he won the game surprised all of us.The question whether we would have the meeting remained unanswered. The question when/ where/ why/ how we would have the meeting remained unanswered. 注意点：1. 可否省略that只有宾语从句中的that才可以省略。其他名词性从句中的that不可省。宾语从句中若有两个从句，第二个that也不可省略。e.g. He said (that) he would be sent to America and that he would come back three years later. It was said that he would be sent to America. （主语从句，不可省略that） That he won the contest surprised all of us.2. if & whether宾语从句可用if连接一般疑问句，但其他名词性从句只能用whether。而且与or not 连用只能用whether。e.g. He asked whether/ if he would be sent to America. He asked whether he would be sent to America or not. It is still unknown whether he would be sent to America.3. it 做形式宾语或形式主语的结构。只能用从句或不定式作为真正的宾语或主语。e.g. It is known to all that China is a country with a long history. It remains a question whether/ when/ how he can manage to finish the job in time. The telephone makes it possible to speak to those who are far away. 4.同位语从句的注意点： 常用同位语从句的名词有fact, truth, news, word, promise, problem, suggestion, feeling 后跟that + 陈述句 question, 后跟whether或其他疑问代词。 e.g. The fact that they won the game made them very excited. The question whether they could win the game remains unknown. 注意和定语从句的区别： I gave him the promise (that I would come back) . (同位语从句) The promise (I gave to him) was that I would come back. （定语从句） 同位语从句的that在后面的从句中不担任成分，没有含义，但不可省略。 定语从句可用that, which连接从句，做宾语可以省略，在从句中担任成分。5. whoever, whomever , whatever 当whoever, whatever理解为no matter 可连接一个状语从句。 当理解为anyone who, anyone whom, 或 anything that时可引导一个名词性从句，在句中做主语或宾语。 比较：I will give the presents to whoever answers the question correctly. Whoever answers the question correctly, he will get the present. Whomever you mention will receive the presents. Whatever you say will have a great effect on the people around. Whatever you say, I wont let you go. 6. whoever 和who引导的名词性从句的区别： e.g. Whoever answers the question correctly can receive a prize. Who can answer the question correctly remains to be seen. 7. 如何理解what 引导的名词性从句。 What he will do next is what we all want to know. = something that we all want to know. When they first arrived in what is now called New District twenty years ago, the area was once covered with grass. = the place which is now called New District She is no longer what she was 20 years ago. = the person that she was 20 years ago. 典型习题1. In order to search for the escaped prisoner, the police decide to question _ comes along this road. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever2. The old man seems different from _he used to be. A. what B. that C. who D. / 3. The news came from Switzerland _ Liu Xiang won the first prize there. A. which B. that C. what D. where 4. When Europeans originally arrived in _ El Paso, Texas, the area was inhabited by the Manso and Suma people. A. what is now B. now C. which now is D. now is 5. _ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists. A. Nearly B. That nearly C. It is believed D. What 6. The invention of telegram _ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds. A. made it possible B. made possible C. made possibly D. made it possibly 7. Finally, he lived up to _ had been expected of him. A. what B. that C. it D. as8. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 9. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need_. A. that to be improved B. which to be improved C. where improving D. when improving 10. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 11. _ in the regulations that you shouldnt tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 12. One advantage of playing guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when 13. The chief manager has decided to put _ he thinks is energetic, clever, and has good qualities in the position of the leadership of the company. A. those who B. anyone C. whomever D. whoever 14. We believe _ you have devoted yourself _ sure to come true. A. that is B. all that to be C. that all are D. what to is 15. _ is no longer a question _ people can do shopping at home. A. It that B. It if C. What when D. There that 16. How close parents are to their children _ a strong influence on the character of children. A. have B. has C. having D. to have 17. _ you think needs it，you may give the film ticket to him. A. No matte who B. Whomever C. No matter D. No matter whom 18_ is worth doing at all is worth doing well. A. That B. Which C. Whatever D. If Exercise for Chapter V 名词性从句练习 （作业）一选词填空。1. _ ( That, What) they advised me to do was to make a plan at first. 2. The problem is _(that, what) we are still short of money. 3. _ (What doesnt, It doesnt ) make too much difference is whether I join them in a trip to Hangzhou or not. 4. I doubt _ (that, whether) the player will set a world record. 5. Make yourself at home; you may eat _(whatever; no matter what) you like. 6. _(Whoever, Who) gains the most points wins the competition. 7. _(Whoever, Who) gains the most points is to be announced in 10 minutes. 8. _ (That, What) medicine should be kept out of childrens reach is a common sense. 9. _(What, It ) is not known yet when we will have a discussion of our plan. 10. History has proved the truth _ ( / , that) wherever there is oppression there is opposition. 二单项选择。1_ was of little importance. A. If he might pass the exam B. Whether he passed the exam C. Though he might pass the exam D. He passed the exam 2. Energy is _ makes things work, and it can be changed into heat or light or used to drive machinery. A. that B. all C. what D. which 3. Great men are often unknown, or _is worse, mistaken. A. that B. it C. which D. what 4. All _ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. A. what is needed B. for our need C. the thing needed D. that is needed 5. Mr. Smith does not know _ the lawn mower after they had finished using it. A. where they did put B. where to put C. where did they put D. where they put6. The thought came to him _ his mother had been out for several hours. A. which B. because C. that D. if 7. Perseverance is a kind of quality - and thats _ it takes to do everything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 8. It is pretty well understand _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere. A. that B. when C. what D. how 9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _our astronaut desire to do is _ in space. A. where walking B. what walk C. that to walk D. how walk10. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done. A. what B. which C. why D. while 11. I really dont know _ I had my money stolen. A. when was it that B. that it was when C. where it was that D. it was where that 12. Do what you think is right _ others say. A. even if B. and dont do C. no matter D. whatever13. All finished, we sat down to enjoy _ we thought the most delicious dinner. A. that B. which C. what D. it 14. _ is now the northern Sahara Desert fed much of the civilized world 2,500 years ago. A. This B. It C. What D. That 15. With production improved, _ that chief engineer is also a qualified manager. A. it becomes clear that B. this becomes clear C. that becomes clear that D. we become clear that 16. _ is to be chose our monitor will be decided at the class meeting. A. Who B. Whoever C. What D. Whatever 17. I suppose that the play is instructive and _. A. it is worth seeing B. that it is worth seeing C. it is worth being seen D. that it is worth to be seen 18. He says he will tell _ wants to know. A. whatever B. whoever C. those who D. whomever 19. They could find no fault _ I had done. A. in that B. in what C. what D. in which 20. _ you are correct remains to be seen. A. If B. That C. Whether D. Since 21. This young man isnt _, he has turned over a new leaf. A. the man he used to B. what he used to be C. that he used to be D. who he used to be 22. We hold the view _. A. that the book says in the end is instructive B. that what the book says in the end is instructive C. that what the book says in the end D. what the book says in the end. 23. The reason why some species die is _. A. because they dont fit in with their surroundings B. because they dont fit into their surroundings C. that they dont fit