家园字幕前三十分钟双语.docx

请听我说, 你跟我一样，是智人, 一个有智慧的人Listen to me, please.Youre like me, a Homo sapiens. A wise human.生命是宇宙的奇迹, 出现于约四十亿年前Life, a miracle in the universe,appeared around four billion years ago,而我们人类只有二十万年历史and we humans only 200,000 years ago.但是我们却破坏了, 地球生命赖以生存的平衡,Yet we have succeeded in disrupting the balance. that is so essential to life on Earth.请细听这个不寻常的的故事，你的故事然后决定你应该做什么Listen carefully to this extraordinary story, which is yours, and decide what you want to do with it.这是我们的起源的轨迹These are traces of our origins.最初，我们的星球不过是一个浑沌的火球伴随它的恒星-太阳诞生而形成的At the beginning, our planet was no more than a chaos of fire,formed in the wake of its star, the sun.一团粘聚的尘埃颗粒, 就像宇宙里面许多类似的星云A cloud of agglutinated dust particles,similar to so many similar clusters in the universe.然而生命的奇迹就在此诞生Yet this was where the miracle of life occurred.今天，我们的生命, 是地球上无数生物形成的生命链中的一环Today, life- our life-is just a link in a chain of innumerable living beings.在近40亿年里，这些生物被彼此继承取代that have succeeded one another on Earth over nearly four billion years.即使到了今天，新的火山继续改变我们的景观And even today, new volcanoes continue to sculpt our landscapes.它们让我们目睹了盘古初开时地球的样子, 熔石从深处涌出They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth,molten rock surging from the depths,开始凝固，裂开,冒着泡，或摊开形成薄的外壳solidifying, cracking,blistering or spreading in a thin crust,然后再休眠一段时间,这些从地球内部吐出缭绕的烟圈,是地球原始大气层的见证before fabling dormant for a time.These wreaths of smoke curling from the bowels of the Earth.bear witness to the Earths original atmosphere.一个没有氧气的大气层, 稠密的大气层，充满水蒸气和二氧化碳An atmosphere devoid of oxygen.A dense atmosphere, thick with water vapor,full of carbon dioxide.一个熔炉, 因为有水，地球有了一个与众不同的未来A furnace.But the Earth had an exceptional future, offered to it by water.地球与太阳之间的距离适中 不太远，不太近At the right distance from the sun not too far, not too near因此地球上的水能够处于液体状态the Earth was able to conserve water in liquid form.水蒸气凝结后形成滂沱大雨降落在地球上, 河流出现了Water vapor condensed and fell in torrential downpours on Earth,and rivers appeared.河流改变了地球表面, 刻削着河道, 并冲刷出山谷The rivers shaped the surface of the Earth,cutting their channels,furrowing out valleys.它们流向地球上最低洼的地方形成海洋, 水溶解了岩石的矿物质They ran toward the lowest places on the globe to form the oceans.They tore minerals from the rocks,渐渐的，海洋中的淡水变成了咸水and gradually the freshwater of the oceans.became heavy with salt.水是生命必需的液体, 它灌溉了这些广阔的不毛之地Water is a vital liquid.It irrigated these sterile expanses.水流就像人体的血管The paths it traced are like the veins of a body,树木的枝丫，是让大地苏醒的液体导管the branches of a tree, the vessels of the sap that it brought to the Earth.40亿年后, 地球上的某些地方还能找到这样的艺术创作Nearly four billion years later,somewhere on Earth can still be found these works of art,火山灰混合着来自冰岛冰川的水, 就是它们，物质和水left by the volcanoes ash, mixed with water from Icelands glaciers.There they are- matter and water,水和物质软硬组合，这对地球上所有生物都是至关重要的water and matter-soft and hard combined, the crucial alliance shared by every life-form on our planet.金属矿物元素比地球还要古老Minerals and metals are even older than the Earth.它们是星尘,它们让地球五彩斑斓. 红色是铁，黑色是碳They are stardust.They provide the Earths colors.Red from iron, black from carbon蓝色是铜，黄色则是硫blue from copper, yellow from sulfur.我们来自什么哪里？生命火花从哪里迸发？Where do we come from?Where did life first spark into being?一个时光奇迹, 地球上的温泉仍然有原始的生命存活A miracle of time,primitive life-forms still exist in the globes hot springs.它们赋予温泉颜色, 它们叫做“古细菌”They give them their colors.Theyre called archaeobacteria.它们都依靠地球热能生存, 除了蓝细菌，或是蓝绿藻以外They all feed off the Earths heat,all except the cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae.只有它们可以向着太阳来吸取其能量, 它们是古今所有植种的最重要的祖先They alone have the capacity to turn to the sun to capture its energy.They are a vital ancestor of all yesterdays and todays plant species.这些微小的细菌, 及其数以亿计的后代, 改变了地球的命运These tiny bacteria,and their billions of descendants,changed the destiny of our planet.是它们改造了地球的大气层. 毒害大气层的碳去了哪里？They transformed its atmosphere.What happened to the carbon that poisoned the atmosphere?它还存在，只是被“囚禁”在地壳. 想要了解地球历史的这一篇章Its still here, imprisoned in the Earths crust.We can read this chapter of the Earths history.卡罗拉多大峡谷的峭壁是最好的选择. 它们展现了地球近20亿年的历史nowhere better than on the walls of Colorados Grand Canyon.They reveal nearby two billion years of the Earths history.大峡谷曾经是一个聚居着微生物的海洋, 它们汲取从大气层溶解到海洋里的碳并长出外壳Once upon a time, the Grand Canyon was a sea inhabited by microorganisms.They grew their shells by tapping into carbon from the atmosphere.dissolved in the ocean.它们死后, 外壳沉到海床堆叠起来. 这些地层就是它们无数的外壳构成的When they died, the shells sank.and accumulated on the sealed.These strata are the product of those billions and billions of shells.因为有了它们，碳从大气层中排出. 其他生物才能得以发展Thanks to them, the carbon drained from the atmosphere,and other life-forms could develop.生命改变了大气层, 植物靠太阳能存活, 这能量使植物分离水分子It is life that altered the atmosphere.Plant life fed off the suns energy,which enabled it to break apart the water molecule.并释放出来氧气, 空气因而充满氧气, 地球的水不断更新循环and take the oxygen.And oxygen filled the air.The Earths water cycle is a process of constant renewal.瀑布，水蒸气，云、雨、泉, 河流、海洋、冰川Waterfalls, water vapor,clouds, rain, springs,rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers.这个循环从未间断, 地球的水量恒久不变The cycle is never broken.Theres always the same quantity of water on Earth.历来的生物都喝同样的水, 水是令人惊叹的物质, 是最不稳定的一种All the successive species on Earth have drunk the same water.The astonishing matter that is water.One of the most unstable of all.它可以是液态的流水, 气态的蒸汽, 或是固态的冰It takes a liquid form as running water,gaseous as vapor.or solid as ice.在西伯利亚，冬季结冰的湖面蕴含着水在结冰时展现的力量In Siberia, the frozen surfaces of the lakes in winter.contain the traces of the forces that water deploys when it freezes.冰比水轻因而浮于水面, 不会沉到湖底Lighter than water, the ice floats,rather than sinking to the bottom.它形成御寒的保护罩, 冰下的生命可以延续It forms a protective mantle against the cold,under which life can go on.生命的引擎连锁结合,一切都连结起来. 没有东西是自给自足的The engine of life is linkage.Everything is linked.Nothing is self-sufficient.水和空气不可分割, 为了地球上的生命而结合Water and air are inseparable,united in life and for our life on Earth.于是，形成于海洋上的云给陆地带来降雨, 河流再将水带回海洋Thus, clouds form over the oceans and bring rain to the landmasses,whose rivers carry water back to the oceans.分享就是一切,从云层窥望的大片绿色是空气中的氧气, 七成氧气来自海藻, 这些海藻给海洋表面染上了颜色Sharing is everything.The green expanse peeking through the clouds is the source of oxygen in the air.Seventy percent of this gas, without which our lungs cannot function,comes from the algae that tint the surface of the oceans.地球要依赖万物各司其职, 互相依存的生态平衡Our Earth relies on a balance.in which every being has a role to play.and exists only through the existence of another being.一种敏感而脆弱的和谐，极易破碎, 于是海藻和贝壳的结合形成了珊瑚A subtle, fragile harmony that is easily shattered.Thus, corals are born from the marriage of algae and shells.澳大利亚沿海的大堡礁绵延三十五万平方公里, 哺育着一千五百种鱼类，四千种软体动物和四百种珊瑚The Great Barrier Reef, Off the coast of Australia,stretches over 350,000 square kilometers.and is home to 1,500 species of fish,4,000 species of mollusks.and 400 species of coral.每个海洋的生态平衡都依靠这些珊瑚, 地球计算时间以十亿年计The equilibrium of every ocean depends on these corals.The Earth counts time in billions of years.它花了四十多亿年创造了树木,在物种的链条中树木是至高无上的,是完美的活的雕塑. 它们蔑视地心吸力It took more than four billion years for it to make trees.In the chain of species,trees are a pinnacle,a perfect living sculpture.Trees defy gravity.它们是唯一永恒地朝向天空的自然元素. 它们的枝叶不疾不徐地向着太阳生长They are the only natural element in perpetual movement toward the sky.They grow unhurriedly toward the sun that nourishes their foliage.它们从微小的古细菌继承了吸收光线能量的能力,它们储存并利用此能量They have inherited from those minuscule cyanobacteria.the power to capture lights energy.They store it and feed off it,并使其变成木材和树叶, 然后又分解成水，矿物，植物和生命物质的混合体turning it into wood and leaves,which then decompose into a mixture of water,mineral, vegetable and living matter.就这样生命不可或缺的土壤逐渐形成And so, gradually,the soils that are indispensable to life are formed.土壤是生物多样性的工厂, 它们是不断活动的世界Soils are the factory of biodiversity.They are a world of incessant activity.微生物觅食，挖掘，透气，蜕变where microorganisms feed, dig, aerate and transform.它们制造腐植土，在这肥沃的土层上所有生命互相紧扣They make the humus, the fertile layer to which all life on land is linked.地球上的生命我们知道什么？我们认识多少品种？十分之一？还是百分之一？What do we know about life on Earth?How many species are we aware of?A 10th of them? A hundredth perhaps?对于它们之间的相互关系我们知道什么？What do we know about the bonds that link them?地球是个奇迹, 生命仍是个谜,动物的家族得以形成The Earth is a miracle.Life remains a mystery.Families of animals form,至今仍存的习惯和仪式使它们凝聚united by customs and rituals that survive today.有些适应了环境, 有些是环境适应它们,双方都受益, 动物得到食物，而树木能够开花结果Some adapt to the nature of their pasture,and their pasture adapts to them.And both gain.The animal sates its hunger, and the tree can blossom again.在地球上生命的伟大的历险中, 每种生物各司其职,各有其位,没有多余或有害In the great adventure of life on Earth,every species has a role to play,every species has its place.None is futile or harmful.它们互相抵消, 然后你们这些聪明的人类进入剧情They all balance out.And thats where you,Homo sapiens- wise human-enter the story.你们得益于地球四十亿年的遗产你们只有二十万年历史You benefit from a fabulous.four-billion-year-old legacy bequeathed by the Earth.Youre only 200,000 years old,但你们已经改变了世界的面貌, 尽管你们脆弱但你们占据了所有的栖息地征服了所有土地, 之前任何生物都未曾做过but you have changed the face of the world.Despite your vulnerability,you have taken possession of every habitat.and conquered swaths of territory.like no other species before you.经过十八万年的游牧岁月, 气候变得温和，人类开始定居下来After180,000 nomadic years,and thanks to a more clement climate, humans settled down.他们不再依靠打猎为生, 他们定居于充满渔猎和野生植物的潮湿环境They no longer depended on hunting for survival.They chose to live in wet environments.that abounded in fish, game and wild plants.这里土地，水和生命结合There, where land, water and life combine.人类的天赋让他们发明了独木舟用于开拓新的视野, 人类变成了航海家Human genius inspired them to build canoes,an invention that opened up new horizons.and turned humans into navigators.即使今天，大部分人类都居住在大陆的海岸线或是河边和湖畔Even today, the majority of humankind.lives on the continents coastlines.or the banks of rivers and lakes.最初的城镇出现在6000多年前, 这是人类历史的一大步The first towns grew up less than 600 years ago.It was a considerable leap in human history.为什么呢？因为这能使人类更容易的保护自己Why towns? Because they allowed humans to defend themselves more easily.他们变成了社会人, 在一起分享他们的知识和手艺They became social beings,meeting and sharing knowledge and crafts,融合他们的共性和不同. 简而言之，他们文明化了blending their similarities and differences.In a word, they became civilized.但他们可用的能量只是双臂, 和大自然赋予的东西But the only energy at their disposal was provided by nature,and the strength of their bodies.这是人类数千年来的故事, 也是现今四分之一人类, 即十五亿人的故事, 比富裕国家人口的总和还多It was the story of humankind for thousands of years.It still is for one person in four-over one and a half billion human beings-more than the combined population of all the wealthy nations.他们只从地球获取必须的用品, 很长一段时间，人类和地球的关系平衡对等Taking from the Earth only the strictly necessary.For a long time, the relationship between humans and the planet.was evenly balanced.很长一段时间，经济看起来是自然公正的联盟For a long time, the economy seemed like a natural and equitable alliance.但人类寿命短暂，艰苦劳动大行其道But life expectancy is short, and hard labor takes its toll.大自然的不可预知加重日常负担. 教育是罕有特权. 子女是家庭唯一资产The uncertainties of nature weigh on daily life.Education is a rare privilege.Children are a familys only asset,每双手, 对家庭的生存都要作出贡献as long as every extra pair of hands.is a necessary contribution to its subsistence.地球为我们提供食物和衣物, 以及日常所需The Earth feeds people, clothes them.and provides for their daily needs.一切来自地球, 城镇改变人类本质和命运Everything comes from the Earth.Towns change humanitys nature, as well as its destiny.农夫变成了工匠、商人和小贩,农夫收获，城镇居民购买，或是物物交换The farmer becomes a craftsman, trader or peddler.What the Earth gives the farmer, the city dweller buys, sells or barters.商品交易,伴随思想交流,人类的天份在于经常洞悉自已的弱点Goods change hands,along with ideas.Humanitys genius is to have always had a sense of its weakness.他们很想扩张领土, 但明白自身局限Humans tried to extend the frontiers of their territory,but they knew their limits.大自然不曾赋予他们的能量和气力The physical energy and strength with which nature had not endowed them.他们在动物身上找到，并驯养它们为己服务, 空着肚子怎去征服世界？was found in the animals they domesticated to serve them.But how can you conquer the world on an empty stomach?农业的发明, 彻底改变了到处觅食的野兽本质, 成为真正的人The invention of agriculture,transformed the future of the wild animals scavenging for food,that were humankind.农业改写了人类历史, 农业是人类的第一场伟大革命Agriculture turned their history on end.Agriculture was their first great revolution.八千至一万年前开始, 农业改变了人类与自然的关系Developed barely 8,000 to 10,000 years ago,it changed their relationship to nature.它终结了人类不稳定的狩猎和采集时代, 第一次有了盈余, 这催生了城市和文明It brought an end to the uncertainty of hunting and gathering.It resulted in the first surpluses,and gave birth to cities and civilizations