虚拟语气 3.doc

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)英语中有三种语气，即陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设或说话人的愿望、建议、推测.一、虚拟条件句：所假设的条件与事实相反，或实现的可能性很小条件句（if 句）主句1.表示与现在事实相反的情况did（be动词一般用were，第三人称可用was）would (could, should, might) + do2.表示与过去事实相反的情况had + donewould (could, should, might) + have done 3.表示与将来事实相反的情况或实现可能性小should dowere to do didwould (could, should, might) + do请完成下列所有动词填空1、表示与现在事实相反： If there _(be) anything to tell, I _(tell) it to you.If I _ (be) you , I _( buy) anything she wants.We _ (go) with you if we _(have)time.If it _(be not for要不是因为) your help, I _( be) homeless.2、表示与过去事实相反：If you _(work) harder at school when you were young, you _(get) a better job.The view was wonderful. If I _(have) a camera, I _(take)some photos.She was busy. If she_(not be) so busy, she _(come) to see you.If it_( be not for要不是因为) the doctors care then, you wouldnt _(recover)so soon.3、表示与将来事实相反或实现可能性小If she _/_/_(come) tomorrow, I would tell her the news.（虚拟句，表示实现可能性小）If she comes tomorrow, I will tell her the news. ( 非虚拟句,是真实条件句，表示实现可能性大 )二、混合时间的虚拟条件句如果虚拟条件从句和主句表示的时间不一致，动词的形式与各自表示的时间一致。If he _(have) the operation two years ago, he _( be) in better health now.If you _(take) the medicine then， you _ (feel) all right now.三、含蓄条件句* Without air,(=If there were no air), there _(be)no life on the earth.* But for (= If it had not been for) your help then, we_(not succeed)* I am busy, otherwise/or I _ (go) there. (中间省去if I were not busy)* I was busy, otherwise/or I_ (go)there. (中间省去if I hadnt been busy)* I _(go) there with you , but Im busy. ( 中间省去if I were not busy)* I_(go) there with you, but I was busy. (中间省去if I hadnt been busy)*四、省去if的虚拟条件句如果条件句中有were, had, should, 可省略if，把were，had，should提前 * _ he recognized (= If he had recognized) me, he would have come over.* _he fail (= If he should fail) to come, John would work in his place.* _ it not been for(=If it had not been for) the reservoir, wed never have been able to beat the drought.* _he to come(If he were to come) tomorrow, he could see the rainbow.* 五、虚拟语气在其它从句中的用法* 句子时态在真实条件句的基础上向过去推一步，意思走向反面1. 在If only (要是该多好) 句中If only I could speak several foreign languages! (In fact I cant speak)If only the letter had arrived earlier! ( In fact the letter arrived late.)* If only I were ten years younger. （In fact I am a bit old）2、在as if或as though句中从句动作与主句动作同时发生，从句动词用过去式从句动作比主句动作先发生，从句动词用过去完成式； 注意：主句和从句时态无需呼应* He orders / ordered me as if I _ (be) his servant.* He talks /talked about the accident as if he_ (see)it with his own eyes. * It looks as if it is going to rain. (真实条件句，不可用虚拟句,表阐述事实)* He walks as if he is drunk. (真实条件句，非虚拟句,表真实情况)* He walks as if he was/ were drunk. (虚拟句,表事实并非如此)* * 3、动词wish后的宾语从句* 从句时态在真实条件句的基础上向过去推一步，意思走向反面* I wish I_(be) as young as you. (In fact I am old)* I wished I _(not make)that mistake.(In fact I made that mistake)* I wish my dad _(leave) me alone tonight.* ( In fact my dad wont leave me alone)*4、would rather 后跟宾语从句：从句谓语动词 1.用过去式did （与现在或将来事实相反）2.用过去完成式had done （与过去事实相反）He would rather I _(go) now./soon.* I would rather you_(leave) yesterday.*5、在要求性从句后suggest，propose/, demand, require，request，desire, insist(坚持要某人干某事)/，order, command（命令）/，decide等词后。从句的谓语动词用（should）+v，should可省略。注意：只要有要求的字眼，只要有从句，从句谓语就用(should)+v* The teacher insisted that he _ (learn) the vocabulary by heart.* I suggested that a meeting _(hold) at once. * I am in favor of his suggestion that the work _(start)at once.* My request is that more attention_(pay) to the project.* It is suggested that you _(do) it at once.*She insisted(坚持观点) her mother had been murdered (murder) by the man.（不虚拟,时态呼应）* His pale face suggested（暗示） that he was sick. （不虚拟,时态呼应）*6、necessary，natural, important, impossible, natural, essential词后跟从句，从句谓语动词用（should） +v，should可以省略。* It is necessary that we_( learn) English well.* It is important that a delegation _(send)there.*7、It is (about / high) time that 从句谓语动词一律用过去式* It is （high） time we _(take)measures to stop pollution. * It is (about) time the children _(go) to bed.Practice1. If you _ to see Mary, what will you tell her?A. areB. are goingC. haveD. were2. The experiment is very expensive. But _ succeed, we would be able to make production more efficient.A. should weB. were weC. if should weD. if we3. _ to me, John would not have failed.A. If he has listened to meB. Had he listenedC. If he listened to meD. Should he have listened4. I wished it _ but it did.A. not occurredB. did not occurC. had not occurredD. would not occur5. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _ round the earth.A. had circledB. is circlingC. might be circlingD.were circling6. “I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Janes generosity.”“She insisted _ it as a gift.”A. on them to accept B. their acceptingC. that they acceptD. that they accepted7. The chairman requested that _ .A. the members studied the problem more carefullyB. the problem would be more carefully studiedC. the members had studied the problem with more careD. the problem be studied with more care8. Jill would just rather we _ now, but we must go to work.A. not leaveB. had not leftC. didnt leaveD. not to be left9. The house master was very strict. He required that we _ television on week nights.A. not watchB. not be watchingC. must not watchD. should not have watched10. “Your pictures are beautiful!”“We would have taken more _ out of film.”A. if we did not runB. had not we runC. if we should have runD. had we not run11. “I wish I had attended the party yesterday.”“Its too bad that you _ . We met a lot of people.”A. haventB. hadntC. had missed itD. didnt12. Dont you think its high time someone _ him to stop behaving like that?A. will tellB. toldC. should tellD. tells13. If only I _ how to operate a computer!A. learnB. would learnC. have learnedD. had learned14. If only I had read all the books before I _ the lecture!A. would have attendedB. attendedC. had attendedD. have attended15. “Where have you been?”“I got caught in the traffic; _ I would have been here sooner.”A. but forB. but thatC. howeverD. otherwise16. I would have invited her, but I _ her well.A. dont knowB. didnt knowC. hadnt knownD. havent known17. Everybody has arrived. Its time we _ .A. would startB. shall startC. startedD. had start18. “Mrs. Williams can speak Japanese.”“But she would rather _ English with us.”A. speakB. spokeC. to speakD. have spoken19. But for the rain, we _ a pleasant journey.A. will haveB. should have had C. would haveD. must have had20. Look at the trouble