跨文化交际期末考问题及答案PPT课件

Whatisinterculturalcommunication Whathaveyoulearnedfromthisclass 3 InterculturalCommunication Samovar PorterInterculturalcommunicationiscommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent interculturalcommunicationreferstoanycommunicationbetweentwomembersofanyculturalcommunities InternationalcommunicationInterracialcommunicationInterethniccommunicationIntraculturalcommunication FormsofInterculturalCommunication 4 ElementsofInterculturalCommunication Perceptions beliefs values attitudes worldviews socialorganizations Verbalprocesses thewaysinwhichculturesemploysymbolstoportraythingsandexperiences Nonverbalprocesses sharethoughtsandfeelingsbywayofbodilybehavior timeandspace Contextualelements business educationandhealthcare tourismandpersonalrelationships Wecanusesomeexamplesaboutthefilm guasha whichwesawintheclassroomtoillustratethat 1 HowdidChineseandAmericanperceiveParents beatingtheirownchilddifferently Chinese ToshowrespecttotheotherorgivethefacetotheotherAmerican Illegalasthechildabuse Warmup 2 WhatisagoodfriendinChineseandAmericanculture Chinese BeloyaltoeachotherandneverbetrayeventolieAmerican Behonestandconstructiveandhelpful Warmup 3 HowdidSunwukonginAJourneytotheWestrepresentthetraditionalChinesevaluesandethics Chinese Warmhearted compassionate perseverantAmerican Bad tempered violent Warmup WhenpeoplefacethesamethingindifferentcountrieshavedifferentreactionsAyounglady sminiskirtwasaccidentallytornopenbyayoungman Wecandecidewheretheycomefromaccordingtotheirresponsestothisincident Warmup Beforethemansayingsorry thewomanboweddownandsaidinatendervoice sorry itisallmyfault Itisallthebadqualityofmyskirt IamsorryforthetroubleIhavebroughttoyou JapanJapanese Over courtesyandmale dominated Warmup Beforethemansayingsorry thewomangavehimaname cardandsaid Thisismylawyer sphonenumber Hewilltalkwithyouaboutyoursexharassment Seeyouinthecourt AmericaAmerican Aplacewherelawtalks Warmup Beforethemansayingsorry thewomancoveredthetornpartoftheskirtwithanewspaperinhandandshylysaid Sir canyousendmehome Itisnotveryfarfromhere Thentheyoungmanputhiscoatonthegirlandcalledataxitosendherhome EnglandEnglishman Gentleandconservative Warmup Beforethemansayingsorry thewomangurgledandputherhandontheman sshoulder Sir ifyoudonotmind youcanbuymearedrosetoshowyourapology Thenthemanboughtheraroseandtheywenttoahoteltogethertostudymoreabouttheskirt FranceFrench Friendlyandromantic thedifferencesbetweenverbalcommunicationandnon verbalcommunication Boththeverbalandnonverbalarethemostpowerfulmeansofcommunication buttherearealotdifferencesbetweenthem Usuallywemakeourselvesunderstoodbyusingdifferentlanguage butifwemeetsomeonewhocan tunderstandourmeaningweonlycanuseourbodylanguage Itisveryusefulbecauseitcanhelpyoumakeyourselfeasilyunderstood Inotherwords bodylanguageisn tlimitedwithNationalboundaries Althoughwemaynotrealizeitwhenwetalkwithotherswemakeourselvesunderstoodnotonlybywords Bodylanguageisusedespeciallytoexpressfeelings Thisisusuallydescribedasgivingoutdoublemessages onemessageinwordsandanoppositemessageinbodylanguage Itisalsodifficulttolieorcoverupourfeelingsthroughbodylanguage Wesendmessagestothepeoplearoundusalsobyexpressionsandbodymovements Researchhasshownthatmostpeoplepaymoreattentionto andbelievemorereadily theirimpressionofhowapersonactsthroughbodylanguagethanwhatissaidthroughwords Asaconsequencewetendtodoubt orputaquestionmarkbehind thespokenwordsiftheydonotcorrespondwiththelanguageofthebody Thedifferencebetweennon verbalandverbalcommunicationisyouuseyourbodytocommunicatethings however withverbalcommunicationyoujustuseyourvoicetocommunicatethingstootherpeople Verbalcommunication althoughwesometimesthinkofitasonlyspokenlanguage bymanypeople sdefinitionoftenincludesmorethanthat ItencompassesOralcommunication whichisthetermmoreoftenusedforspokencommunication includingthingslikerate volume pitch articulation andpronunciation Itcanalsoincludesignlanguage visualcommunication andwrittencommunication althoughsometimestheseotherthingsarelistedseparately dependingonwhoisdefiningtheterms Nonverbalcommunicationincludesthoseimportantbutunspokensignalsthatindividualsexhibit specifically bodylanguage encompassingcarriage posture appearance listening eyecontact handgestures andfacialexpressions Non verbalcommunicationmakesupthemajorityofthecommunicationthatweengageis althoughitisn talwaysconscious Averygoodexampleis Amancomeshomelate hearsfromthekitchentheslammingofpotsandpansandcupboarddoors Heentersthekitchen askshiswife What swrong honey Sheanswers Nothing assheslamsanothercupboarddoorandrollshereyestowardtheceiling Shehasspokentheword Nothing butitisherunspokencommunicationthattellshimthat nothing isnottherealanswer Itisclearlycommunicatedbyheractions Atrulyeffectivecommunicatorwilltrainhimorherselfinnonverbalcommunicationaswellasothertypes FormsofCommunication 1 Verbalcommunication whichincludes a Oralcommunicationsuchastalkingtooneself dialogue discussionbetweentwopeople telephonecalls b Visualcommunicationsuchasmaps graphic trafficsignals advertisement etc c Writtencommunicationsuchasmemos lettersreports papers d Electronicwhichiscommunicationfacilitatedbyaninterfacewithacomputer modem telephonefax E mail etc 2 Non verbalcommunication Suchasbodymovementfacialexpressionandvoiceetc NonVerbalCommunication Thesenderhasatleastfourmainsetsofphysicalnon verbalcues face eyes body andvoice a Thefaceincludesfrowning smilingandgrimacing makingface b Theeyescansignalbydirectionofgaze c Thebodyoffersposturepositionsofarmsandlegsanddistancing d Voiceincludestoneandspeechrhythm KindsofNon VerbalLanguage 1 Languageoffacialexpression2 Languageofeyecontact3 Languageofposture4 Languageofvoice5 Languageofapparel attire6 Languageofcolor7 Languageofodor8 Languageoftime9 Languageofspace AccordingtotheHofstede smodel howdoescollectivismaffectJapaneselife Hofstedethinkthatcultureisinanenvironmentofpeople scommonpsychologicalprocess isnotanindividualcharacteristics butwiththesameeducationandlifeexperienceofalotofpeoplehaveincommonpsychologicalprocedures Differentgroups regionsorcountriesofthisprogramaredifferences Theseculturaldifferencescanbedividedintofourdimensions powerdistance uncertaintyavoidanceindex individualismversuscollectivismandmasculineversusfeminality Grouporientedsociety atightlyknitsocialframework individualscanexpecttheirrelatives orotheringrouptolookafterthem WeCultureorI lessCulture Onthecollectivistside wefindsocietiesinwhichpeoplefrombirthonwardsareintegratedintostrong cohesivein groups Collectivism referstoacombinationofclosesocialorganizations whichtendto withinagroup and outsidegroups todistinguish theyexpecta group withinthestafftotakecareof butalsotothecommunitytomaintainabsoluteloyaltyinreturn Wecanfindmanyexamplesinourdailylife whichstressgroupbehaviorssuchas Weal bewellpopular goodforallages theproductisgoodforall soitisindeedgood thecustomersalloverthecountrysatisfy Japanisadvocatingcollectivismsociety thestaffhasanattachmenttotheorganization shouldbeeasytobuildaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenemployeesandmanagers Japaneseregardthesakuraastheembodimentofspring Sakurablossomswellanditmeansthatthisyearisaharvestyear Inaddition itismoreimportantthatwhensakurablossoms itsflowersisroundandcluster insinuatingJapanesecollectivism Japaneseisnotanaturalcollectivismadvocates Theirbehaviorisaproductofthetraining Fromprimaryschoolage mostchildrenwilljointheclubsthatschoolsorganize suchassports music painting etc Here ratherthantrainedbytheprofessionalskills theyarenurturedbycollectivism Fortheschoolandstudents communityactivityismoreimportantthanschools informallearning Ifachildispopularinthecommunity heorshewillberespected andevenfeeltheburningeyesoftheoppositesexchildren InJapanesecompanies collectivismmeansloyaltytothecompanyandinternalunityandcooperation Enterprisenotonlyiseveryone scommunityofinterests butalsoasymbolofhisidentityandsocialstatus Thecompanyislikea home andtheleaderisthe home parents Theymustbeprestigiousandtakecareofthefeelingsofsubordinates InJapan communicatingwithpeople thefirsttobeconsideredisthegroupwhichhebelongsto followedbyhispersonalprofessionalidentity Ifyouhavenogroup youwillhavenosocialstatus Aslongasyouareloyaltothecompany youranyneedswillbemet andanyproblemcanberesolvedthroughthecompany Japaneseworkersarediligent willingtoworkovertime Evenduringthefinancialcrisis employeesarewillingtooffertheirownmoneytohelpthecompanycrossoverthestorm Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenchineseeducationsystemandwesterneducationsystem Thebasicissueofeducationiswhatkindofpeoplewewanttocultivatetobe andhowtocultivatethem Theconceptofvalue purposeofeducationandmethodofeducationbetweenChineseEducationSystemandWesternEducationSystemaredifferentiatedinmanyacademicfields therearetwocrucialpointsofChineseEducationSystem oneisemphasizetoomuchonteachingbutneglecttheimportanceofcapability theotheroneisbuildingupstrongfoundationbutlackofhigheducation WeChinesethinkthatstudentswithsturdyfoundationcanreceivefurtherknowledgebetter SomostChineseparentsthinkthattheprimaryeducationinChinaismorestablethanthosewesterncountries andwesternhigheducationismorematurethanChina Ifstudentscanhavethecombineoftwoeducationsystem studentscouldbecomecomprehensive ThatiswhymoreandmoreChineseparentsintendtosendtheirchildrentoforeignuniversities WesternEducationSystemencourageschildrentodoresearchontheirown Theybelievethatdoingresearchcanhelpchildrentoanalysisproblemsandsolvedifficultiesbythemselves Atmeanwhile studentscanpracticewhattheyhavelearntinrealworkthroughtheprocessofresearch ItismoreeffectivethanwhatwehavebeenpracticedinChina thatstudentsarestudyingforexamsonlywhileinprimaryeducationperiod Therearetwobasicconceptsofeducationvalue teachingandguiding TeachingconceptiscommonlyusedinChineseEducationSystemwhichisbaseontextbookcontents Studentslearnknowledgethroughclassesthatareconductedbyteachersinsidetheclassroom BesidesitisbeingusedinChinesefamilyeducation studentsperceiveknowledgebylisteningtowhattheparentshavetoldthemandtextbookswhichparentsaskthemtoread Thisconceptiswelleffectedinraisingsocalled goodstudent whoalwaysabbeysrulesandregulations inheritingtraditionsandgeneralhabits ItresultedthatChineseprimaryeducationiswithnodoubtstrongly built especiallyduringprimaryschoolandmiddleschoolperiod ThatisalsothereasonwhyChinesestudentscanwinscoresofprizeinOlympiccompetitionseveryyear Guidingisthemainconceptofeducationwildlyusedinwesterncountries Itemphasizestherightsandrespectsofchildren whichisbaseonatrustmotion Schoolsprovidestudentswithfulfilledself management supportthemtocontrolthemselves Athome parentsseechildrenasoneequalmemberofthefamily theyhaveidenticaldutyandresponsibilityforthefamily Westernchildrenhavemorefreedomandprivatewithoutmuchinstruction theyaremorepersuadedbyenlighteningandleading Westernersintendtoofferchildrenopportunitiestodevelopthemselves discoveringtheirpotentialspecialtiesandabilities Theyencouragechildrentostudywithinterestunderpleasure doingwhattheywanttodoandtryingthebesttheycan Thuswesternchildrenaremoreresponsibleandconfident theyhaveahighergradeofself esteemsbecauseoftheprocessofself learning ChineseEducationSystemandWesternEducationSystemhavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages ChineseemphasizesfoundationalknowledgewhereasWesternthinkshighlyofcreativeness Ifwecouldjointwosystemstogether thereisgoingbemoreChineseperformersonthe21stcenturystage Explaintheprosandconsofnonverbalcommunication Nonverbalcommunicationcanbemoreimportantthanverbalcommunication Nonverbalcommunicationcanindicatewhetherapersonistellingthetruth experiencingstressorbeingsincere Itcanalsobethereasonyouaren tsucceedingonjobinterviewsormeetingpeople Interpretingnonverbalcommunicationiscrucialtounderstandingothersaswellasyourself Pros CulturalDifferencesDifferentposturesandgestureshavedifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures Thiscanbeadisadvantageofusingnonverbalcommunication Apersonwithherhandsinherpocketsinmostcountriesisseenasinsecure butthegestureisacceptable InTurkey however standingwithyourhandsinyourpocketisseenasdisrespectful intheU S sittingwithyourlegscrossedcanindicateawidevarietyofemotions dependingonhowthelegsarecrossed butinGhanaandTurkeythisisanoffensivegesture PeopleReadingYouThoughnonverbalcommunicationmakesiteasierforyoutogaugethethoughtsandemotionsofothers italsoallowsotherstodetermineyourthoughtsandemotions Thiscouldqualifyasaproandacon Inmostinstances youwantotherstoknowyou rebeinghonestorareinterestedintheconversation butsometimesthiscouldbedetrimental Playingpokerisanexample Ifyoudon thav