The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.ppt

Chapter2History TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire TheFoundingoftheNation I TransitiontotheModernAge II III BritainSinceWorldwarII IV V CONTENT TheShapingoftheNation EnglishandBritishMonarchs 55B C 410 449 1066 RomansOccupation Anglo Saxons Danes EnglishandBritishMonarchs 1066 1154 1154 1399 HouseofNorman HouseofPlantagenet EnglishandBritishMonarchs 1399 1461 1461 1485 HouseofLancaster HouseofYork EnglishandBritishMonarchs 1485 1603 1603 1714 HouseofTudor HouseofStewart EnglishandBritishMonarchs 1714 1917 1917 HouseofHannover HouseofWindsor TheFoundingoftheNation 5000BC 1066 EarlyEnglishHistory I ThebestevidencethattheprimitivepeoplehadshowntheirowncivilizationistheStonehenge 3 000BCIberians Stonehenge Celts 750B C FranceGermany S I Wrace culture EarlySettlers 4Invasions Romans 55BC 410AD RomanEmpire LatinlanguageChristianity Anglo Saxons 446 871 Germany Englishrace language Danes 8th 11C Denmark dialect Norman 1066 Normandy Feudalism Conquest Time Conqueror Influence Firstinvasion In55BC JuliusCaesarinvadedBritainSecond Caesar ssecondraidin54BCThirdandfinal In43AD EmperorClaudius finalandsuccessfulRomaninvasionofBritainLeft GermanicattackinRome forcingallRomantroopstoleaveBritain andthusendingtheRomanoccupationoftheisland Capableadministrators goodbuilders townsandcities roads RomanBritain 43AD 5thCentury Anglo Saxons 446 871 GermanicTribes Angles Saxons JutesEnglish ThelanguageoftheAnglesEngland ThelandoftheAngles Christianity 6thCenturySt Augustine 1stArchbishopofCanterbury church cathedral churchleader BishopArchbishopofCanterbury KingArthur TheswordinthestoneKingArthurandtheKnightsoftheRoundTableThesearchfortheHolyGrail cup Arthurdrawingtheswordfromthestone VikingandDanishinvasions 8thCentury 1066 Heptarchy 七王国 AlfredtheGreat kingofWessexthefatheroftheBritishnavyApeacetreaty KingAlfredofEngland From1016to1042 undertheruleofDanishkings In1042 theEnglishthronewasreturnedtotheAnglo Saxons 871 899 VikingInvasion Thename Viking comesfrommylanguagewhichiscalled OldNorse Itmeans apirateraid VikingInvasion IntheendtheVikingsconqueredallofnorthern centralandeasternEngland andseizedmuchofthelandfortheirownfarms Thisareawascalled TheDanelaw KingEdward theConfessor Poets Corner WestminsterAbbey builtin1052 bythepenultimateKingofEngland theEdwardtheConfessor 1042 1066 VikingandDanishinvasions 8thCentury 1066 QueenElizabethII scoronation ThecoronationceremonyofElizabethIIwasheldonJune2 1953 inWestminsterAbbey Traditionally theArchbishopofCanterbury thehighestofficialoftheChurchofEngland presidesoverthecoronationceremony TheNormanConquest 1066 WhydidWilliamtheConquerorinvadeEnglandafterEdward sdeath KingEdwardhadpromisedtheEnglishthronetoWilliam WhenEdwardwasonhisdeathbed severalmenlaidclaimtotheEnglishthrone buttheWitanchoseHaroldasking TheNormanConquest TheBattleofHastingsA William DukeofNormandy invadedEngland B OnOctober14 thetwoarmiesmetnearHastings Afteraday sbattle HaroldwaskilledandhisarmycompletelydefeatedC OnChristmasDay WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbey ConsequencesoftheNormanConquest TheNormanConquestwasapivotaleventinEnglishhistoryandallsubsequentdevelopmentsintheEnglishmonarchy government society languageandoutlookarecolouredbyit ThefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland RelationswiththeContinentwereopened andcivilizationandcommercewereextended Norman Frenchculture language manners andarchitecturewereintroduced TheChurchwasbroughtintocloserconnectionwithRoman ABriefreview EarlySettlers theCelts Romaninvasion Christianity Jutes Saxons Angles therealbeginningofEnglishnationality TheVikingandDanishinvasion KingAlfredtheGreat TheNormanConquest 1066 feudalsystemcompletelyestablishedinEngland ResearchQuestions Whytosay Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasion Illustratethispointwithexamples HowdideachoftheinvasionsinfluenceEnglishculture TheShapingoftheNation 1066 1381 II TheShapingoftheNation NormanRule 1066 1381 1 William sRule 1066 1087 2 HenryII sReformsTheGreatCharterandtheBeginningofParliament1 TheGreatCharter 1215 2 TheBeginningofParliamentTheHundredYear sWarwithFrance 1337 1453 1 TheHundredYear sWar2 JoanofArcTheBlackDeath 1348 1349 TheWarsoftheRoses 1455 1485 TowerofLondon NormanRule 伦敦塔是一座蹲伏式的石头建筑 由高低起伏 功能不同的若干建筑组成 伦敦塔位于泰晤士河北岸 伦敦塔桥附近 是伦敦著名古迹之一 威廉一世于11世纪为保卫和控制整个伦敦桥而建造了该塔 占地18英亩 10个世纪以来 曾作过堡垒 王宫 监狱 皇家铸币厂和伦敦档案馆 现在是王冠 王袍 兵器和盔甲陈列馆 In1067 WilliamstartedbuildingtheTowerofLondon thegreatfortresswhichdemonstratedhispoweranddominatedthecityofLondon KingHenryIIandhisreforms Henry HouseofPlantagenet HenryIIreformedthecourtsandthelaws introducedthejurysystem 陪审团制度 institutionalizedcommonlawGreatCouncil TheconflictbetweenThomasBecketandKingHenryII ArchbishopofCanterburyReligiouswranglingMurderinthecathedral ThomasBecketinstainedglassatCanterburyCathedral KingRichardI 1157 1199RichardtheLionheartCrusader KingJohnandtheGreatCharter 大宪章 KingJohnin1199feudaltaxesandarmyservicesigntheMagnaCarta GreatCharter in1215alimitationoftheKing spowerRightsoffeudalbaronsandtheChurch Townspeople freedomoftradeandself governmentmerchantsandcraftsmen forthefirsttimeasanewpoliticalforcefoundationoflibertyandconstitutionalism KingJohnandtheGreatCharter 大宪章 Significance BirthofParliament HenryIII sdefyoftheGreatCouncilSimondeMontfort ThedefenderoftheGreatCharter raisedanarmyChangeintheGreatCouncilAllEstatesParliamentLords churchman knights citizens TheearliestparliamentThenoblesKnightsandcitizensTheLordsTheCommons Makedecisions offeradvice Officialformationofthetwohousesofparliament HouseofLordsHouseofCommons BirthofParliament EnglishConquestofWales EnglishprinceofWales TheDeclineofFeudalism TheHundredYear sWar 1337 1453EnglandVs FranceCauses trade territory throneWinner FranceInfluence ablessingforbothcountries promotedtheconceptofEnglishnationalism promotedthedevelopmentofthetextileindustryraisedthesocialpositionofthebourgeoisclass SaintJoanofArc 贞德 JeameD arc 生於一四一二年卒於一四三一年 法兰西爱国者也 幼时 英法方事战争 贞德即怀爱国之志 托神意 谓见空中明光 有神人告之曰 贞德往救王 恢复其国土 遂自负奉神命 备刀马 偕数人见王 以解奥良城围自任 久困之法军得此惊 乘英兵骄懈 一击溃之 连下数城 后坠马被擒 英军生焚之 年犹未及笄也 陈独秀 欧洲七女杰 TheBlackDeath 1348 1349 anepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleasItalyinthe14thcenturyHalfpopulation THEPEASANTS SONG WhenAdamdelvedandEvespanWhowasthenthegentleman 当亚当在耕田 夏娃在织布的时候 贵族老爷在何处 London duringthePeasants Revoltin1381 heirtothethrone DukeofClarence DukeofLancaster DukeofYork HouseofPlantagenetHouseofLancaster KingRichardII KingHenryIV 1399 1461 1461 1485 HouseofLancaster HouseofYork TheWarsoftheRoses 1455 1485HouseofYorkVs HouseofLancasterCauses Power wealth crownNature RoyalTimeline UnitingRivalHouses TheRedRoseofLancaster TheWhiteRoseofYork TheRedandWhiteTudorRose Elizabeth HenryTudor TransitiontoModernAge 1455 1485 TheconsequencesofthewarA ItwasdestructivetothenoblehousesB FeudalismreceiveditsdeathblowC king spowerbecamesupreme preparedsoilforcentralizedgovernmentAlongpeaceathome TransitiontotheModernAge THETUDORMONARCHS HenryVII1485 1509 HenryVIII1509 1547 EdwardVI1547 1553 MaryI1553 1558 ElizabethI1558 1603 Had6wives HenryTudor thetransitionalstagefromfeudalismtocapitalism HenryVIIIandtheReformation WhydidtheReformationhappeninEngland 3maincausesforthereformationA ConflictbetweenKingandtheChurchB Resentmenttothechurch clergy privilegeandwealthC Henryneededmoney1directcausesforthereformationdivorcewithCatherine TheEnglishReformation 1 natureofthereformationAreforminreligion 1 togetridofRomanCatholicChurch 2 tosetupChurchofEngland AnglicanChurch 3 theclassstrugglebythenewrisingbourgeoisieagainstthefeudalrulingclassanditsideology 2 Whatwastheeffectofthereformation 1 StrengthenedHenry sposition 2 TheimportanceofParliamentgrew 3 movingawayfromCatholicismtowardsProtestantism KingEdwardVI BloodyMary theReignofElizabethI Religiousreform compromise LiteratureAdventureonthesea SpanishArmada RenaissanceinEngland14thcentury CulturalMovementrevivalofclassicalliteratureandartisticstyles Humanists thinkersUtopia ThomasMorearguesagainstsocialevilsLiterarytimes 1 Drama ChristopherMarlowe WilliamShakespeare 2 Poetry EdmundSpenser Shakespeare andJohnDonne 3 Prose FrancisBacon DivineRightofKings James ofScotland 1567 1625 James ofEngland 1603 1625 Purpose getridoftheParliamentinterference UKFlag UnionFlag KingCharles DivineRightRoundheadsvs CavaliersParliamentvs theKing TheCivilWars1642 1649 theeconomicinterestsoftheurbanmiddleclassVS thetraditionaleconomicinterestsoftheCrown Victor Parliament Cromwell s NewModelArmy TheExecutionofCharlesICommonwealthLordProtector 护国公 TheCivilWars thePuritanRevolution TheconsequencesoftheCivilWars 1 overthrewfeudalsysteminEngland 2 thebeginningofmodernworldhistory 3 thePuritanRevolution TheRestoration theGloriousRevolutionof1688 Cavaliers Catholic CharlesII JamesII TheRestoration HowdidtheRestorationtakeplace CromwellwastyrannicalStruggleforpowerbytheStuartCharlesIImountedthethrone TheCommonwealthcametoanend GreatFireofLondon1666 TheGloriousRevolution 1668 A JamesII srevivalofCatholicismB IntoleranceofCatholicanddethroneoftheKingC Co monarchsWilliam Mary asjointsovereignsD Thetakeoverwithnobloodshed noranyexecutionoftheKing ConstitutionalMonarchyinEngland TheBillofRightsof1689 LimitedthepowerofthemonarchguaranteedtheauthorityofParliament Two partysystem IndustrialRevolution TheIndustrialRevolutionreferstothemechanizationofindustryandtheconsequentchangesinsocialandeconomicorganizationinBritaininthelate18thandearly19thcenturies FormsofPrimitiveAccumulation EnclosureMovement 1450to1640TheClothindustryincreasedthevalueofwool Raisingsheepbecamemoreprofitable Thisencouragedthelandlordstoconvertarablelandandthe Commons intopastures Largesareasoflandwereoftenhedgedorfencedwithoutanywarningtothepeasants Wholevillagesdisappearedandthousandsofpeasantswereexpelledfromthelandandbecamevagabondsandbeggars PrerequisitesP20 AccumulationofcapitalThedevelopmentofcapitalistfarmingTheappearanceofalaborreserveExpansionofdomesticandforeignmarkets Itfirstbeganinthetextileindustry SpinningJennyJamesWatt steamengineStephenson steamlocomotiveengine WorkshopoftheWorld PromoteddevelopmentofproductionNewcitiescameintobeingPopulationincreasedFactorysystemisestablishedWorkingclassVs capitalists TheRise FalloftheBritishEmpire UKFlag UnionFlag HouseofHannover SpeaknoEnglishCrownParliament KingGeorgeI QueenVictoria 1837 1901thelongestreignpolitesocietyVictorianAge QueenVictoriathegrandmotherofEu