自考综合英语考试复习资料.doc

Book 1 lesson 1 1 text 1 well above average 2 One of the most important things Ive learned is how much there is to learn, and how much I dont yet know. 3 Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matters. 4 Every student should regularly experience the “Aha!” 5 While you learn a little bit about many subjects, make sure you learn a great deal about one or two. It hardly matters what the subject is, as long as it deeply interests you, and you place it in broader human context. 6 But dont get trapped by the first subject that interests you, or the first ting you find yourself good at. 7 Discuss ideas in depth with friends. Its much braver to ask questions even when theres a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you. 8 Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side. 9 The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes. 10 This is a deflation of our pretensions, to be sure, but it is also the opening up to our view of a vast and awesome universe. 11 In a world as tightly connected as ours is, dont restrict your attention to American or Western culture. 2 phrase 1 abovebelow average. Well的用法 He is no longer young. He is well over fifty. Its well past midnight, I think its time you went home. 2 back then 3 some 与数字连用 大约 Some 80 students have taken the course. 4 deficiencies 不足 缺乏 5 more + 名词短语 + than + 名词短语：与其说不如说. For him, music is more a way of life than an interest. 6 the + 形容词最高级 + of + 名词 的用法 the greatest of philosophers in ancient Greece. The best of my fathers friends. The most intelligent of his students. 7 it + 否定词 + matter(s) + wh- 的用法 It doesnt matter how you do the job as long as you do it well. It hardly matters how you do it, as long as you do the job well and complete it on time. 8 gateway to 9 as well as you can 10 on the part of sb.on sb.s part: There is no need for any more explanation on my part. There must be some misunderstanding on their part. 11 confine.to: They managed to confine the disease to a small area. 12 deaden sb. to sth. become deadened to sth 13 leave + 宾语 +宾补（形容词分词等）：使.处于某种状况 He left all the windows open for half an hour. The news left everybody depressed. 14 far form: The result of the match is far from (being) satisfactory. It was obvious that what he said was far from the truth. 15 open up to: The policy of reform and opening up to the outside world.改革开放政策 16 no more than: She had no more than a banana for lunch. He went to New York with no more than 2 dollars in his pocket. 17 exposure to:接触.，感受.的熏陶，受到的影响 Too much exposure to the sun might cause skin diseases. Living in Europe for a year, he gained some exposure to western culture. 18 there is something toin : Theres something to what hes just said. 19 be capable of sth.doing sth.: He is capable of doing the work of three men. In times of crisis, man is capable of doing things that seem beyond his strength. 20 do sth and you will 21 take (a) delight in sthdoing sth:以.为乐The old man takes great delight in his granddaughter. He never takes delight in other peoples failures. 3 interpretation 1 The collapse of the big newly-built bridge led to a criminal prosecution against an engineer and two local government officials. 2 At the opening ceremony, the municipal government will provide food and drink for more than 1,000 guests. 3 As long as we can get a little rest, it doesnt matter where we go. 4 Poultry are very easily infected by this disease. Book 1 lesson 2 1 text 1 If next you were asked to list people who are generally admired by society, who some how seem bigger than life, you might come up with an entirely different list. 2 By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit of othersthey are people against whom we measure others. 3 .heroes and heroines are hard to come by. 4 we have latched onto cultural icons 5 But nothing becomes an icon more than a tragic and early death 6 “The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celebrity by his image or trademark. 7 The shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship occurred around the turn of the century. 8 Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like. 9 With the arrival of television, the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast table. 10 Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of “making it” in America. 11 Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room with sound. 12 This kind of attitude rewards smooth, insincere talk, and makes hesitancy look like stupidity. 13 He might have been first in the hearts of his countrymen, but today hed be dragging his bottom in the ratings. 2 phrase 1 biggerlarger than life: My disappointment was bigger than life. 2 come up with:提出想出No one could find a solution to the problem, but finally Bill came up with an idea. The scientist came up with a good plan for using solar energy. 3 rather than: 不是.（而是），与其.（不如） 4 in short 5 by definition: By dictionary definition, an icon is a person or a thing regarded as symbol of something. 6 be distinguished(from.)by : 由于而有别（于。） He is distinguished from his twin brother by a mole on his back. 7 measureagainst:对照.来评价. He constantly measures his performance against that of the best goalkeeper in the country. 8 come by 9 be beyond sb. 10 bereft of 11 latch ontoon to sbsth 12 people who are simply famous for being famous people well-known for their well-knownness 13 in part 14 more than a death: Nothing pleases the professor more than his students achievement. 15 become : 适合， 与相称 Purple becomes her. Dont be rude , Jack. It doesnt become you. 16 personal habits 17 shift (away) fromto:由转移到 18 make it: I believe hes got the talent to make it. He dreamed of going to college all his life, but never made it. 19 be sure to do sth.: 一定要；肯定会. With your talent, your are sure to make it. Be sure to take the medicine before you go to bed. Be sure to read the text before class. 20 reward 3 interpretation 1 They are always measuring their own work against the standard set for the professionals work. 2 Plainclothes policemen were waiting in the dark for the burglars to show up. 3 At sundown, the strong cold wind has shifted form the southeast to the northwest. 4 Many people have come to realize the side-effect from the use of cellular phones in public. 5 All the people who came to watch the football game were very excited. 6 Tow months is needed to finish this work.(被动语态)Book 1 lesson 3 1 text 1 If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. 2 Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. 3 “we are slaves to nothing but the clock,” 4 Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run our of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. 5 Dont take it personally. 6 Many of us have what might be called “a short fuse.” 7 .be this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest. 8 much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport. 9 We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies. 10 bur in the business world we almost always have other appointments following hard on the heels of whatever we are doing. 11 especially given our traffic-filled streets. 12 In some countries no major business is carried on without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. 13 Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. 14 Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to “get it moving.” 2 phrase 1 be committed to: From then on, I was committed to shedding the weight and getting into shape. 2 be slave toof: 受.的支配或影响 An ancient Greek philosopher once said that the rich man was slave to his money. Quite a number of girls are slaves of fashion. 3 account for sth.:对.作出解释 The boy could not account for the time he spent away from school. 4 charge(sb. money) for sth: 向（某人）收取的费用 They charge $10 for a haircut there. The hotel doesnt charge for breakfast. Charge sb. money(for sth.):（因.）向某人收取费用 The watch-repairer charged Lao Li 200 yuan for his service. 5 count: 有价值，有重要意义 We dont have much water left, so make every drop count. Strength, skill and willpower count equally in sports. 6 attach importance/significance/value, etc. to:认为重要 We attach great importance to the good relations between our tow countries. People seem to attach too much importance to his opinion. 7 have a short fuse 8 slip away: leave quickly She slipped away ten minutes after the film began. Times slipping away. 9 in terms of:在.方面， 就.而论 10 go with sth.: be included with or as apart of sth. 包括，.是其一部分 The car goes with the job. 11 over:在做的时候 Lets discuss the matter over dinner. They exchanged information over a cup of tea. 12 small talk 闲谈，聊天 13 much less: They wouldnt even take any souvenir, much less money. She was so tired that she did not want to speak, much less sing. Much less 在句首时，要倒装 14 seek out 努力寻找，找出 15 rather than: She is shy rather than proud. We attach or importance to what he is rather than what his parents are. 16 lay out 设计，规划（建筑物等） 17 (hard)on the heels of: happening very soon after Famine came hard on the heels of flood. 18 work(hard) at : 在.上（狠）下工夫 19 given prep. : 考虑到. Given his age, hes done well. Given that there was so little money available for the project, theyve done a good job. 20 有increasing的句子里，一般用进行时，表示行为在当前一段时间里正在发生。 In China , an increasing number of children are learning to play the piano. 21 in a matter of moments: 一会儿工夫. A matter of + 名词，表示量少 The taxi arrived in a matter of minutes. They think the war will be over in a matter of months. 22 it seems as if/as though:看起来好象 It seems as if she doesnt like the watch I gave her. 23 being considered: 正在被考虑 24 worthy of : 值得 He is a man worthy of trust. 25 be felt to do/to be:（人们）觉得.（往往不正确） Garbage collecting is generally felt to be less honorable than many other jobs. 26 give sith. Added weight: 使更重要 27 take sth as a sign of : 把.看成是.的标志 Dont take our patience as a sigh of weakness. 28 get sth doing:（有意识地）使得 Wait until I get the machine running. 3 interpretation 1 The engineers have discussed the plan in depth. Once the project starts, it will be moving ahead smoothly. 2 Today, if you know nothing about computers, you can hardly carry on with anything. 3 Shakespeares achievement in literature is worthy of great praise. 4 Everybody wants to bring his family to this get-together. 5 That committee could not reach an agreement on this issue. Book 1 lesson 4 1 text 1 I could keep them all covered 2 But in the way they all glared I could see how theyd come to hate my guts. 3 very soon now Id doze off, and instant that happened theyd jump on the little water that was left. 4 Id have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water. 5 once the water was gone wed have nothing to look forward to but death. 6 Well, there was nothing more I could do about it. 7 I stared at the canteen as if it were a mirage. 2 phrase 1 hour after hour 说话者已经感到厌烦，或是坚持不住了 day after day 2 keep sb covered: （用枪）一直瞄准某人 3 at/from close quarters/range: 很近 These boys love to watch the aircraft take off and land at close quarters. The birds were photographed at closed range. 4 hate sbs guts 5 hold out （在危险或宽难的情况下）抵抗，坚持 The city held out until the last man. The refugees held out against the severe cold that winter. 6 the instant/moment(that) 一.就.（起连词作用，引出时间状语从句） The instant he sensed danger he dashed out of the house. The children rushed out of the classroom the moment the teacher said, “class is over”. 7 count 同第三课 8 keep sb/sth away from 9 with .-ed/adj/adv 是一种表示主语所处的某种状况时常用的结构，在句中做状语。 With all the windows open, the room is very cool. With so many people watching me, how can I concentrate on my work? 10 (to the)east/west/north/south of : He works in Beijing, and lives in a small town some 40 kilometers south of the city. 11 live for sth/sb:为.而活 12 give in to sth./sb Parents often give in to their childrens demands. 13 the nine of them 他们九人（一共有九人），nine of them他们当中的九人。 14 a pack of （狼群）一群，（坏人）一伙 15 envy sb sth. 16 every now and then 17 quit(doing sth): Cant you quit smoking? Quit还有“辞职不干”“退学”的意思 Jim has decided to quit. He doesnt like his job. 18 beyond all reasoning 19 cracked with yin 因.疯狂 crack-brained（人）疯狂，（思想，观点）愚蠢 20 calculating 21 afford hes failed tow exams and cant afford to fail another. 22 all the more/better After a thorough cleaning, the room looked all the more comfortable. 23 go After the accident, his sight began to go. He cant remember where he had met the man before: his memory is going. 24 take over(sth) He took over the company after his father died. Ive been driving for two hours; would you take over for a while? The new president will take over from Mr. Johnson next week. 25 face down/ facedown 26 pick sb up 27 hold off 3 interpretation 1 Hearing that the firm I work for was going to be taken over by an oil company, I was greatly shocked. 2 The miners had been trapped in the collapsed gallery for over one week before they were picked up. 3 Mother has never given in to the difficulties encountered in the course of my growing up. 4 This country can not afford to have another civil war. Its people long for lasting peace. 5 His sincere self-criticism made us respect him all the more. 6 No force can keep the Chinese people back from reuniting their own country. Book 1 lesson 5 1 text 1 While traveling for various speaking engagements, I frequently stay overnight in the home of a family and am assigned to one of the childrens bedrooms. 2 Im not complaining, only making a point. 3 I think that in far too many families, not only do children come to take their parents generosity for granted, but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children. 4 .along with those things the parents yearned for but didnt get. 5 .requests for toys for fear that their children will feel. 6 Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their childrens unreasonable demands. Such parents vacillate between saying no and giving in-but neither response seems satisfactory to them. 7 But overindulging children with material things does little to lessen parental guilt(since parents never feel that theyve given enough), nor does it make children feel more loved. 8 Children may, to some degree, become greedy, self-centered, ungrateful and insensitive to the needs and feelings of others, beginning with their parents. 9 Parents who are fortunate enough not to have a problem with feelings of guilt dont need to respond crossly to their children when denying a specific request which is thought to be unreasonable. They can explain, cheerfully, that its too expensive-except perhaps as a birthday or holiday gift-or that the child will have to contribute to its purchase from an allowance or from the earnings of an outside job. 2 phrase 1 stay overnight 2 be assigned to sth: 向（某人）提供, 把分派给（某人） Xiao Zhang has been assigned to Class five. The best worker was assigned to the most difficult job. be assigned to do sth: （某人）被指派做某事。 Ive been assigned to do it. 3 theres (no) room for 4 toilet kit, shaving kit, sewing kit, first-aid kit, repair kit 5 be packed with The boys desk is often packed with photos of his sports icons. The restaurant is always packed with celebrities. This magazine is packed with useful information. 6 an overabundance of, far too many, be overindulged with 7 take sth for granted/take for granted sth/ take (it)for granted that:把.看成是理所当然的事 Dont take their help for granted. None of them are well. We took it for granted that he would agree, so we didnt ask first. 8 afford sth/to do sth: 常与can 或be able to 连用，买得起，有钱做某事。 We cant afford anything more expensive than a bicycle-an ordinary one. I cant afford to go to that concert. It would wipe out half my monthly allowance. 9 hold down a job 10 feel guilty about, guilty of 11 shower sb with sth/ shower sth on sb:给某人大量的. The little girl rushed to her parents and showered them with kisses. On her 100th birthday, the city showered her with gifts and good wishes. 12 along with sth/sb: 除此之外；同样；一起 They got financial aid, along with encouragement. Alcohol is forbidden on campus, along with tobacco. The veteran soldiers, along with their families, were invited to the party. 13 yearn for 14 say on to sb/sth:拒绝做. 15 for fear that/of doing sth:为了避免发生；惟恐发生 They tiptoed upstairs for fear of waking their parents. 16 stand up to后面一般跟sb,表示顶住某人要求等 If you stand up to them, they will stop making unreasonable demands. If you dont stand up to bullies, they will continue to have their way. stand up to sth:（物质或物品）耐磨，耐用 In 1998, the dam stood up to the severest flood in history. Are these houses going to