乙肝疫苗到底打还是不打.doc

8乙肝疫苗到底打还是不打深圳乙肝疫苗的事件还在持续发酵，而最近，又传出了永嘉有孩子在打乙肝疫苗后死亡的消息。记者今天从省疾病预防控制中心了解到，得知永嘉一婴儿 死亡的传闻后，省疾控立即派出一位专家赶赴当地，协助当地卫生部门调查具体情况。截止目前，调查仍在继续中。但一系列的“乙肝疫苗”事件，让刚晋升父母的 新爸妈们手足无措起来：这乙肝疫苗到底打还是不打？为什么一定在出生后马上打？ 新生儿对乙肝病毒无免疫力，24小时内接种96%以上能阻断母婴传播记者从省疾控中心采访了解到：因为新生儿对乙肝病毒无免疫力，而且免疫功能尚不健全，一旦感染了乙肝病毒，则成为乙肝病毒表面携带者，小于1岁婴儿感染乙肝病毒后，将有90%以上的人会变成慢性乙肝病毒表面抗原携带者。省疾控中心在调查带有乙肝病毒表面抗原阳性、e抗原阳性母亲所生的婴儿，24小时内接种乙肝疫苗者，96%以上都能达到阻断母婴传播。但是在 24小时之后接种者仅80%能阻断，也就是在出生24小时以后接种乙肝疫苗的婴儿不能阻断乙肝母婴传播的风险，比24小时内接种者高5倍。因此，新生儿出 生24小时内接种乙肝疫苗，越早接种效果越好。这不但是我们国家的乙肝免疫策略，也是世界卫生组织的免疫策略。目前浙江使用的乙型肝炎疫苗属于基因工程疫苗，制备技术是安全、成熟的，严重异常反应发生率非常低。除统一疫苗采供、创建规范化预防接种门诊和培训预防接种人员，浙江2005年开始建立接种疑似预防接种异常反应监测系统，目前该监测系统已经全面覆盖全省所有的市和县。世界卫生组织在其他国家对乙肝疫苗的接种除了过敏以外基本没有禁忌症，但是我国从安全角度考虑，将有急性疾病或者严重的慢性疾病，或者慢性疾病 急性发作或者发热时作为乙肝疫苗接种的禁忌症。在接种疫苗前，家长需配合接种人员，做好对新生儿健康状况的问诊和一般健康检查，提供新生儿的健康状况，包 括出生时是否足月顺产、出生体重多少，新生儿出生评分情况，有无先天性出生缺陷，是否现患某种疾病等等，以便接种人员正确掌握疫苗接种的禁忌证，并决定是 否接种疫苗。乙肝疫苗接种后可能会出现轻微一般反应，如在接种部位出现疼痛和触痛，多数情况下2-3天内可自行消失；出现一过性发热、红肿疼痛等，一般持续1-2天后可自行缓解；接种部位硬结一般则在1-2月内可自行吸收。极为罕见的过敏性休克一般在接种后1小时内发生。新生儿接种乙肝疫苗注意事项：1.接种前最好检测下是否有发烧症状，对于检测体温高的婴儿，建议积极治疗，待体温恢复正常水平后，再接种乙肝疫苗为宜，以免对感冒和疫苗接种效果不利；泗水县中医医院内科孙庆才2.属于过敏体质的婴儿，尤其是发生过严重过敏反应的，在接种前一定要说明过敏史，再根据具体情况判定是否接种乙肝疫苗；3.伴有先天性免疫缺陷病、严重心脏病、急性传染病、湿疹等疾病的婴儿，建议不要接种乙肝疫苗4.符合接种条件的婴儿，在接种完毕后，建议观察1530分钟，以确保无异常反应的发生；5.婴儿接种乙肝疫苗后，加之婴儿自身抵抗力较差，应注意接种部位的卫生，以免引起不必要的感染；6.对于局部会出现红、肿、痛、发痒或有低热轻微异常的现象的婴儿，可采取物理降温、饮水、休息等对症治疗，多数该轻微的异常反应会自然消除。相关链接：乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)系由乙肝病毒引起的一种在全球广泛流行的传染病。乙肝病毒主要侵犯肝脏，引起炎症反应，破坏肝疫苗，导致肝功能受 损，其临床表现为乏力、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、厌油、肝大及肝功能异常，其主要传播途径为血源传播、日常生活接触、母婴垂直传播等。1992年我国开展了一次全国范围内的病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查。结果显示，当时我国人群中乙肝病毒感染率为57.63%，乙肝病毒表面抗原 流行率为9.75%。同期浙江省开展的人群乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示，15岁以下儿童乙肝感染率为49.52%，全人群乙肝病毒感染率为 65.24%，159岁人群乙肝表面抗原携带率为11.61%，高于全国平均水平。按照世界卫生组织乙肝流行强度的划分定义，浙江在全球属于高流行区。针对乙肝高流行的态势，自2002年浙江将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划，由政府出资购买乙肝疫苗开展免费接种以来，儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和新生儿乙 肝首针24小时内及时接种率始终维持在95%以上的较高水平。2006年乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示，浙江省人群乙肝表面抗原标化阳性率下降至 8.46%，较1992年下降了27.13%，其中14岁儿童阳性率下降至0.71%，较1992年下降了83.5%。2008-2012年报告发病率 范围为33.19-37.79/10万，发病率也呈逐年下降趋势。深圳乙肝疫苗的事件还在持续发酵，而最近，又传出了永嘉有孩子在打乙肝疫苗后死亡的消息。记者今天从省疾病预防控制中心了解到，得知永嘉一婴儿 死亡的传闻后，省疾控立即派出一位专家赶赴当地，协助当地卫生部门调查具体情况。截止目前，调查仍在继续中。但一系列的“乙肝疫苗”事件，让刚晋升父母的 新爸妈们手足无措起来：这乙肝疫苗到底打还是不打？为什么一定在出生后马上打？ 新生儿对乙肝病毒无免疫力，24小时内接种96%以上能阻断母婴传播记者从省疾控中心采访了解到：因为新生儿对乙肝病毒无免疫力，而且免疫功能尚不健全，一旦感染了乙肝病毒，则成为乙肝病毒表面携带者，小于1岁婴儿感染乙肝病毒后，将有90%以上的人会变成慢性乙肝病毒表面抗原携带者。省疾控中心在调查带有乙肝病毒表面抗原阳性、e抗原阳性母亲所生的婴儿，24小时内接种乙肝疫苗者，96%以上都能达到阻断母婴传播。但是在 24小时之后接种者仅80%能阻断，也就是在出生24小时以后接种乙肝疫苗的婴儿不能阻断乙肝母婴传播的风险，比24小时内接种者高5倍。因此，新生儿出 生24小时内接种乙肝疫苗，越早接种效果越好。这不但是我们国家的乙肝免疫策略，也是世界卫生组织的免疫策略。目前浙江使用的乙型肝炎疫苗属于基因工程疫苗，制备技术是安全、成熟的，严重异常反应发生率非常低。除统一疫苗采供、创建规范化预防接种门诊和培训预防接种人员，浙江2005年开始建立接种疑似预防接种异常反应监测系统，目前该监测系统已经全面覆盖全省所有的市和县。世界卫生组织在其他国家对乙肝疫苗的接种除了过敏以外基本没有禁忌症，但是我国从安全角度考虑，将有急性疾病或者严重的慢性疾病，或者慢性疾病 急性发作或者发热时作为乙肝疫苗接种的禁忌症。在接种疫苗前，家长需配合接种人员，做好对新生儿健康状况的问诊和一般健康检查，提供新生儿的健康状况，包 括出生时是否足月顺产、出生体重多少，新生儿出生评分情况，有无先天性出生缺陷，是否现患某种疾病等等，以便接种人员正确掌握疫苗接种的禁忌证，并决定是 否接种疫苗。乙肝疫苗接种后可能会出现轻微一般反应，如在接种部位出现疼痛和触痛，多数情况下2-3天内可自行消失；出现一过性发热、红肿疼痛等，一般持续1-2天后可自行缓解；接种部位硬结一般则在1-2月内可自行吸收。极为罕见的过敏性休克一般在接种后1小时内发生。新生儿接种乙肝疫苗注意事项：1.接种前最好检测下是否有发烧症状，对于检测体温高的婴儿，建议积极治疗，待体温恢复正常水平后，再接种乙肝疫苗为宜，以免对感冒和疫苗接种效果不利；泗水县中医医院内科孙庆才2.属于过敏体质的婴儿，尤其是发生过严重过敏反应的，在接种前一定要说明过敏史，再根据具体情况判定是否接种乙肝疫苗；3.伴有先天性免疫缺陷病、严重心脏病、急性传染病、湿疹等疾病的婴儿，建议不要接种乙肝疫苗4.符合接种条件的婴儿，在接种完毕后，建议观察1530分钟，以确保无异常反应的发生；5.婴儿接种乙肝疫苗后，加之婴儿自身抵抗力较差，应注意接种部位的卫生，以免引起不必要的感染；6.对于局部会出现红、肿、痛、发痒或有低热轻微异常的现象的婴儿，可采取物理降温、饮水、休息等对症治疗，多数该轻微的异常反应会自然消除。相关链接：乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)系由乙肝病毒引起的一种在全球广泛流行的传染病。乙肝病毒主要侵犯肝脏，引起炎症反应，破坏肝疫苗，导致肝功能受 损，其临床表现为乏力、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、厌油、肝大及肝功能异常，其主要传播途径为血源传播、日常生活接触、母婴垂直传播等。1992年我国开展了一次全国范围内的病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查。结果显示，当时我国人群中乙肝病毒感染率为57.63%，乙肝病毒表面抗原 流行率为9.75%。同期浙江省开展的人群乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示，15岁以下儿童乙肝感染率为49.52%，全人群乙肝病毒感染率为 65.24%，159岁人群乙肝表面抗原携带率为11.61%，高于全国平均水平。按照世界卫生组织乙肝流行强度的划分定义，浙江在全球属于高流行区。针对乙肝高流行的态势，自2002年浙江将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划，由政府出资购买乙肝疫苗开展免费接种以来，儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和新生儿乙 肝首针24小时内及时接种率始终维持在95%以上的较高水平。2006年乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示，浙江省人群乙肝表面抗原标化阳性率下降至 8.46%，较1992年下降了27.13%，其中14岁儿童阳性率下降至0.71%，较1992年下降了83.5%。2008-2012年报告发病率 范围为33.19-37.79/10万，发病率也呈逐年下降趋势。Shenzhen fermentation in the event of the hepatitis b vaccine is continuing, and more recently, about the always fine with children playing the hepatitis b vaccine after the news of death. Reporter today understands from provincial center for disease control and prevention, after rumors that always fine one infant death, provincial CDC immediately sent an expert to local, assist the local health department survey details. So far, the investigation continues. But a series of second liver vaccine event, let just promotion parents new parents at sea: the hepatitis b vaccine to play or not? Why must immediately after birth?Newborn babies have no immunity to hepatitis b virus, vaccination within 24 hours by more than 96% can prevent mother-to-child transmissionThe reporter understands from provincial CDC interview: because the newborn has no immunity to hepatitis b virus, and immune function is not perfect, once infected with the hepatitis b virus, as carriers of hepatitis b virus surface, less than 1 year old baby after hepatitis b virus infection, there will be more than 90% of people will become chronic hepatitis b virus surface antigen carriers.Province center for disease control and prevention in the investigation with the hepatitis b virus surface antigen positive, babies born to mothers with the e antigen positive, hepatitis b vaccination in 24 hours, more than 96% is able to block mother-to-child transmission. But in 24 hours after vaccinated with only 80% can block, which is born in 24 hour after hepatitis b vaccination of infants not prevent the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis b, 5 times higher than vaccinated within 24 hours. Therefore, the newborn hepatitis b vaccination in 24 hours, the earlier inoculation, the better the results. It is the hepatitis b immunization strategy of our country, is also the world health organization (who) immunization strategy.Zhejiang currently USES the hepatitis b vaccine belongs to the genetic engineering vaccine, the preparation technology is safe, mature, serious abnormal reaction rate is very low. In addition to the unified vaccine supply, creating standardized immunization vaccination outpatient service and training personnel, zhejiang in 2005 began to build inoculation against suspected abnormal reaction monitoring system, at present the monitoring system has been fully covered all cities and counties in the province.The world health organization in other countries of the hepatitis b vaccine inoculation except allergic basic no contraindications, but in our country from a security point of view, will have acute disease or severe chronic diseases, acute or chronic disease or fever as contraindication of hepatitis b vaccination. Before vaccination, parents need to cooperate, make visits and general health check of the neonatal health, provides the health of the newborn, including whether born full-term natural birth, birth weight, birth rate, presence of congenital birth defects, and is now suffering from a disease and so on, so that personnel to correctly grasp the contraindications of vaccination, inoculation and determine whether the vaccine.Hepatitis b vaccination may appear slightly after general reaction, such as pain and tenderness in the vaccination site, in most cases within 2-3 days can disappear; A transient fever, swelling pain, etc., lasts 1 to 2 days later can ease; The vaccination site scleroma is generally in 1 to 2 months to be able to absorb on its own. A rare anaphylactic shock generally occurs within 1 hour after inoculation.Neonatal hepatitis b vaccination to note:1. Vaccination before testing whether to have a fever, best for baby test temperature is high, suggest active treatment, after waiting for body temperature returned to normal level, then it is advisable to hepatitis b vaccination, in order to avoid adverse to the cold and vaccination effect; Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine internal medicine Sun Qing to surabaya county2. Baby belong to allergic constitution, especially had severe allergic reactions, before inoculation must show history of allergies, according to the specific circumstances decide whether hepatitis b vaccination;3. The congenital immunodeficiency disease, heart disease, severe acute infectious diseases, diseases such as eczema baby, hepatitis b vaccination is not recommended4. Meet the requirements for the inoculation of baby, after the vaccination, suggestion of 15 30 minutes, to ensure that no abnormal reaction;5. After the infant hepatitis b vaccination, coupled with poor resistance, their babies, should pay attention to the health the vaccination site, lest cause unnecessary infection;6. The local will appear red, swollen, pain, itching, or have a low thermal baby mild abnormal phenomenon, can take physical cooling, water, rest, such as symptomatic treatment, most of the minor will naturally eliminate abnormal reaction.Relevant link:Hepatitis b viral hepatitis (hepatitis b) caused by hepatitis b virus in the global widespread infectious diseases. Hepatitis b virus mainly affects the liver, causing inflammation and damage liver vaccine and lead to liver damage, its clinical manifestation is lack of power, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, big oil, liver and liver function is abnormal, the main route of transmission of blood transmission, daily contact, mother-to-child vertical transmission, etc.In 1992, our country has launched a nationwide viral hepatitis serum epidemiology investigation. Results show that, when our country crowd hepatitis b virus (HBV) infection rate was 57.63%, hepatitis b virus surface antigen prevalence rate was 9.75%. Over the same period in zhejiang province to carry out the crowd hepatitis b serum epidemiology survey, children under the age of 15 hepatitis b infection rate was 49.52%, the total population of hepatitis b virus infection rate was 65.24%, 1 59 years old crowd hepatitis b surface antigen carrying rate was 11.61%, higher than the national average. According to the definition of the division of the world health organization (who) hepatitis b epidemic intensity, zhejiang belongs to high endemic areas in the world.In view of the high prevalence of hepatitis b, since 2002, zhejiang to the hepatitis b vaccine into childrens immunization programmes, funded by the government to buy for free hepatitis b vaccine immunization, b liver hepatitis b vaccination rates in children and newborn babies first needle timely coverage will always remain above 95% in 24 hours of a higher level. Hepatitis b serum epidemiological survey in 2006, according to the results of zhejiang crowd hepatitis b surface antigen positive rate fell to 8.46%, down 27.13% from 1992, of which 1 4 years old childrens positive rate fell to 0.71%, down 83.5% from 1992. Report incidence range from 2008 to 2012 to 33.19 per 37.79/10, incidence of a disease is declining trend year by year.Shenzhen fermentation in the event of the hepatitis b vaccine is continuing, and more recently, about the always fine with children playing the hepatitis b vaccine after the news of death. Reporter today understands from provincial center for disease control and prevention, after rumors that always fine one infant death, provincial CDC immediately sent an expert to local, assist the local health department survey details. So far, the investigation continues. But a series of second liver vaccine event, let just promotion parents new parents at sea: the hepatitis b vaccine to play or not? Why must immediately after birth?Newborn babies have no immunity to hepatitis b virus, vaccination within 24 hours by more than 96% can prevent mother-to-child transmissionThe reporter understands from provincial CDC interview: because the newborn has no immunity to hepatitis b virus, and immune function is not perfect, once infected with the hepatitis b virus, as carriers of hepatitis b virus surface, less than 1 year old baby after hepatitis b virus infection, there will be more than 90% of people will become chronic hepatitis b virus surface antigen carriers.Province center for disease control and prevention in the investigation with the hepatitis b virus surface antigen positive, babies born to mothers with the e antigen positive, hepatitis b vaccination in 24 hours, more than 96% is able to block mother-to-child transmission. But in 24 hours after vaccinated with only 80% can block, which is born in 24 hour after hepatitis b vaccination of infants not prevent the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis b, 5 times higher than vaccinated within 24 hours. Therefore, the newborn hepatitis b vaccination in 24 hours, the earlier inoculation, the better the results. It is the hepatitis b immunization strategy of our country, is also the world health organization (who) immunization strategy.Zhejiang currently USES the hepatitis b vaccine belongs to the genetic engineering vaccine, the preparation technology is safe, mature, serious abnormal reaction rate is very low. In addition to the unified vaccine supply, creating standardized immunization vaccination outpatient service and training personnel, zhejiang in 2005 began to build inoculation against suspected abnormal reaction monitoring system, at present the monitoring system has been fully covered all cities and counties in the province.The world health organization in other countries of the hepatitis b vaccine inoculation except allergic basic no contraindications, but in our country from a security point of view, will have acute disease or severe chronic diseases, acute or chronic disease or fever as contraindication of hepatitis b vaccination. Before vaccination, parents need to cooperate, make visits and general health check of the neonatal health, provides the health of the newborn, including whether born full-term natural birth, birth weight, birth rate, presence of congenital birth defects, and is now suffering from a disease and so on, so that personnel to correctly grasp the contraindications of vaccination, inoculation and determine whether the vaccine.Hepatitis b vaccination may appear slightly after general reaction, such as pain and tenderness in the vaccination site, in most cases within 2-3 days can disappear; A transient fever, swelling pain, etc., lasts 1 to 2 days later can ease; The vaccination site scleroma is generally in 1 to 2 months to be able to absorb on its own. A rare anaphylactic shock generally occurs within 1 hour after inoculation.Neonatal hepatitis b vaccination to note:1. Vaccination before testing whether to have a fever, best for baby test temperature is high, suggest active treatment, after waiting for body temperature returned to normal level, then it is advisable to hepatitis b vaccination, in order to avoid adverse to the cold and vaccination effect; Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine internal medicine Sun Qing to surabaya county2. Baby belong to allergic constitution, especially had severe allergic reactions, before inoculation must show history of allergies, according to the specific circumstances decide whether hepatitis b vaccination;3. The congenital immunodeficiency disease, heart disease, severe acute infectious diseases, diseases such as eczema baby, hepatitis b vaccination is not recommended4. Meet the requirements for the inoculation of baby, after the vaccination, suggestion of 15 30 minutes, to ensure that no abnormal reaction;5. After the infant hepatitis b vaccination, coupled with poor resistance, their babies, should pay attention to the health the vaccination site, lest cause unnecessary infection;6. The local will appear red, swollen, pain, itching, or have a low thermal baby mild abnormal phenomenon, can take physical cooling, water, rest, such as symptomatic treatment, most of the minor will naturally eliminate abnormal reaction.Relevant link:Hepatitis b viral hepatitis (hepatitis b) caused by hepatitis b virus in the global widespread infectious diseases. Hepatitis b virus mainly affects the liver, causing inflammation and damage liver vaccine and lead