名词讲解与练习.doc

Grammar: NounsContents:1. 名词的分类2. 名词的数3. 名词所有格4. 名词习题5. 课堂调味料Part One : 名词的分类名词专有名词指人，地方，团体，机构等特有的名称（第一个字母必须大写）Melody, Canada, Spring FestivalUUFL普通名词可数名词个体名词某类人或事物中的个体taxi, desk, teacher,car集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体family, army, team, class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或实物air, water, tea, money抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念time, health, honesty, lovePart Two名词的数一可数名词的单复数名词有可数和不可数之分，表示可以计算数目的人或物的名词称为可数名词。可数名词分为单数可数名词和复数可数名词。单数可数名词前面一般要用不定冠词a/an；复数可数名词是在单数可数名词后面加“-s”或“-es”,且前面不能用不定冠词a/an.单数a dog 一只狗复数three dogs 三只狗an apple 一个苹果many apples 许多苹果 可数名词单数变复数 构成法例词一般情况词尾加-scups, cats, cakes, flags, keys, 以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-esclasses, boxes, watches, brushes 以辅音+y结尾变y为i，加escities, countries, factories以元音+y结尾加-sboys, toys, days以o 结尾加-esheroes, tomatoes, potatoes, negroes加-sbamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos以f, fe结尾变f, fe为v，再加-esleaf-leaves life-lives wife-wives thief-thieves knife-knives 加-sroofs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, gulfs不规则变化 记忆childchildren，mousemice， manmen，womanwomen，footfeet，【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加s，特殊有几处：末尾字母o，大多加s，两人有两菜，es不离口，词尾f、fe，s前有v和e；没有规则词，必须单独记。【注释】以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s； 以-f结尾的名词直接加-s变复数歌诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。【注释】即：gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief，这些名词变复数直接加-s。二不可数名词的计量方法1.一般用“数字+计量单位+of +名词”表示，(注意：当数字大于一时，表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式)。如：a piece of meat 一块肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of rice 两碗米 five bags of flour 一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 两条建议2.用much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可数名词Part Three名词所有格形式： 在名词尾加s 和of+名词结构。一、 在名词尾加s1.名词的所有格形式主要用于人、国家或动物等有生命的东西：Lucys hat, the cats tail, studentsassociation2. 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所3. 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争，The teachers reading-room教员阅览室4. 表示时间：如a weeks holiday一周的休假 todays paper今天的报纸5. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers理发店6. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。例如：John s and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间）二.of所有格 表示无生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用“of名词”，表示所属关系。例如：the capital of Henan, the windows of our classroom 我们教室的窗户, the name of the famous writer 那位名作家的名字,the use of computers 电脑的使用注：有生命的人有时也可用of构成所有格。如：Might I ask for a photograph of the baby? 我可否要一张这宝宝的照片?三双重所有格在英语中，将-s所有格(包括名词性物主代词)与of 所有格结合起来所构成的所有格就叫做双重所有格。如a friend of Li Leis。在使用双重所有格时要注意以下几点：(1) 受双重所有格修饰的名词通常不能是专有名词或具有独一无二性质的名词。如不说 Jim of Mrs. Smiths / a father of Marys，可改说 Mrs. Smiths Jim / Marys father。(2) 受双重所有格修饰的名词通常不能带定冠词，但可带指示代词this, that, these, those，表示某种感情色彩(如赞赏、厌恶等)。如不说 the masterpiece of Toms，但可说 this / that masterpiece of Toms。(3) 双重所有格中带-s所有格的名词通常应是确指的。如不说 a brother of a friends，但可说 a friend of my friends。(4) 双重所有格中带-s所有格的名词通常应是生命的东西。如不说a window of the rooms，应改为a window of the room。(5) 有时两种所有格均可使用，但所表达的意义不同。比较：his is a photo of my mothers. 这是我母亲收藏的一张照片。This is a photo of my mother. 这是我母亲照的一张照片。【速记口诀】名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，加“s”即可行，词尾有s，仅把逗号择；并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加；若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。【学法指导】当你需要学习一个名词时仔细观察它在句子环境中的用法，体会它的意义，注意它的拼写它是可数名词还是不可数名词与它搭配的动词和形容词是什么查字典，了解更多的词义Part Four 练习：(小升初)I.写出下列名词的复数形式。1.watch _ 2.strawberry _3.child _ 4.thief _5. photo _ 6.diary _7. man doctor_ 8.day_ 9.woman nurse_ 10.foot_11.book_ 12. peach_13.dress _ 14. box_15.tooth_ 16. baby_2. 单项选择。( ) 1.Mr Smith is _father. They are twin sisters. A. Mary s and Johns B. Marys and John C. Mary and Johns( ) 2.She needs _. A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters( ) 3.There are five_ in our school. A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers( ) 4.Im thirsty. I think Ill buy some_. A. water B. eggs C. cakes( ) 5.John bought _ for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe( ) 6. There are five _in our factory. A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( ) 7. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 8. _ turn yellow in autumn. A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs( ) 9. I met two _ in the street yesterday morning. A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese( ) 10. Nancy has two big _.A. ear B. eyes C. legs3. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.9. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. There are many_(fox) in the picture.12.Different people may have different _(idea).13.Would you like some _(tomato)?14. Jim has some _(knife).15. The girl under the tree is a friend of _(Lucy).各地中考题选编：1.-WhereisTom?-Heslefta_sayingthathehassomethingimportanttodo.A.excuseB.messageC.exerciseD.news2.Thereisno_inthebussowehavetowaitforanotherbus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.seats3.-Wouldyoulikesome_?-Oh,yes.Justalittle.A.pearsB.orangesC.sugarD.apples4.YoucanfindthefollowingINSTRUCTIONSon_.KEEPINACOLDPLACEA.foodB.moneyC.clothesD.books5.Mr.Greenhaslivedinthe_hotelsincehecametoChina.A.five-starB.five-starsC.fivestarsD.fivestars6.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.place7.-Whatsthe_today?-ItsJune26.A.dayB.dateC.timeD.hour8.Englishisspokenasafirstlanguagein_.A.theUSAB.FranceC.JapanD.China9._comesfromcows.A.WoolB.ChickenC.PorkD.Milk10.Letthechildrengoaway.Theyremakingtoomuch_here.A.noiseB.voiceC.noisyD.sounds高考热点名词词义辨析名词与介词，动词或形容词的搭配名词的数和格（写作） Part Five 课堂调味料 _ 脑筋急转弯 小狗系列。 4个人打麻将,警察来了带走5个人，请问为什么 三个金鑫，三个水叫淼，三个人叫众，那么三个鬼应该叫什么?