八年级上册知识点归纳.doc

Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister短语归纳：1. more outgoing2. as.as.3. the singing competition4. the most important5. be talented in music6. the same as7. care about8. be different from9. be like a mirror10. as long as11. bring out12. get better grade13. reach for14. touch ones heart15. in fact16. make friends17. be good at18. the other19. be similar to20. be good with短语用法：1. have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣2. want to do sth.想要做某事3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as与一样4. be good at doing sth擅长做某事5. make sb. Do sth.让某人做某事6. Its+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth.对某人来说，做某事是的语法知识：Is Tom smarter than Sam?No,he isnt. Sam is smarter than Tom.Is Tara more outgoing than Tina?No, she isnt. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.Are you a friendly as your sister?No, Im not. Im friendlier.Does Tara work as hard as Tina?Yes, she does.Whos more hardworking at school?Tina thinks she works harder than me.词语辨析：laugh v. & n.笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。（与at连用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though.语法讲解：形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthestUnit 4 Whats the best movie theater句型：1.It has the biggest screens.2.The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3.How do you like it so far?到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？4.Thanks forget telling me.5.Can I ask you some questions?短语：so far到目前为止，迄今为止no problem没什么，别客气have.in common有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同be up to是.的职责all kinds of. 各种各样的play a role发挥作用，有影响make up编造（故事、谎言等）for example例如take .seriously认真对待not everybody并不是每个人close to 离.近more and more越来越常用法：Can I ask you some.How do you like. 你认为怎么样Thanks fpr doing sth.What do you think of .much + 形容词或副词比较级 .得多watch sb do sth观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用one of +可数名词复数.之一语法：Whats the best movie theater to go to ?Town Cinema. Its the closest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there?Which is the worst clothes store in town?Dream Clothes. Its worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service.What do you think of 970 AM?I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst music.Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?短语：find outbe ready todress uptake sb. placedo a good jobthink ofgame showlearn fromtalk showsoap operago onwatch a movieone of.watch a movietry ones besta pair ofas famous aslook likearound the worldhave a discussion aboutone daysuch asa symbol ofsomething enjoyableinteresting information句型：-What do you think of talk shows?-I dont mind them.I hope to be a TV reporter one day.How about you?常用法：let sb. do sth.plan to do sth.hope to do sth.happen to do sth.expect to do sth.How about doingbe ready to do sth.try ones best to do sth.语法：Do you want to watch the news?Yes, I do . / No, I dont.What can you plan to watch tonight?I plan to watch Days of Our Past.What do you expect to learn from sitcoms?You can learn some great jokes.Why do you like watching the news?Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world.What do you think of talk shows?I dont mind them./ I cant stand them!/ I love watching them!1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher,the otheris a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls,the othernineteen are boys.the others特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here,the othersgo with me.Im different from Jeff because Im louder thanthe other kids(any other kid) in my class.other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one.3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.4. go on 发生，与 take place 同义I wonder what was going on.翻译：隔壁发生了什么？5.happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.6.expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计可能发生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事Lily expects to come back next week.3)expect sb. to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4)expect + 从句预计I expected that Ill come back next Monday.7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth.对某事当真 _Hes serious about selling his house.Unit 6 Im going to study computer science短语：grow upevery daybe sure aboutmake suresendtobe able tothe meaning ofdifferent kinds ofthe meaning ofin commonat the beginning ofwrite downhave to do withtake uphardly evertooto短语用法：want to do sth.be going to + 动词原形practice doing sth.keep on doing sth.learn to do sth.finish doing sthpromise to do sth.help sb. to do sth.remember to do sth.agree to do sth.love to do sth.be going to 的用法1）be going to + 动词原形表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 Im not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be.否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend?Yes ,I am./No, Im not.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？What is he going to do this weekend?When are you going to see your friends?2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。The bus is coming.My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4) be going to 与 will 的区别： 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式wont, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future?Yes, they will. /No, they wont.will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor. 陈述将来的某个事实用will.I will ten years old next year.表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.Im tired I will go to bed. 表示意愿用will.Ill tell you the truth. 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.语法：What do you want to be when you grow up?I want to be an engineer.How are you going to do that?Im going to study math really hard.Where are you going to work?Im going to move to Shanghai.When are you going to start?Im going to start when I finish high school and college.1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：1)promise to do sth. _My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2)promise sb. sth._ My aunt promised me a bike.3)promise + that 从句_ Tom promises that he can return on mise n. 允诺， 诺言Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.2.when 与 while 的区别：when 表示“当时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.When she arrives, Ill call you.while 表示“当时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生， while还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.3. practice vt.练习， 后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.承认推迟没得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy.避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.否认完成能欣赏： deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.不禁介意与逃亡： cant help , mind, escape.不准冒险凭想象： forbid, risk, imagine.4. everyday 与 every day 区别everydayadj. 每天的在句中作定语，位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework.every day副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day.Unit 7 Will people have robots?短语：on computerson paperlive to be 200 years oldfree timein dangeron the earthplay a part in sth space stationlook forcomputer programmerin the futurehuandreds ofthe sameasover and over againget boredwake uplook likefall down用法：will + 动词原形将要做fewer/more + 可数名词复数更少/更多less/more + 不可数名词更少/更多try to do sth.尽力做某事have to do sth不得不做某事agree with sb.同意某人的意见such + 名词（词组）如此play a part in doing sth参与做某事make sb do sth让某人做某事help sb with sth帮助某人做某事There will be + 主语 + 其他将会有.There is/are + sb. + doing sth有正在做It is+ 形容词 + for sb + to do sth做某事对某人来说的语法：What will the future be like?Cities will be more polluted. And there will be fewer trees.Will people use money in 100 years?No, they wont. Everything will be free.Will there be world peace?Yes, I hope so.Kids will stuffy at home on computers.They wont go to school.CountablenounsUncountable nounsThere will be more people.There will be more pollution.There will be fewer trees.There will be less free time.词语辨析：1. every 与 each 的区别：every 用来表整体，each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两，every 最低需是三。every adj.every 作主用单数，each 可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。 eachadj./ pron.Every teacher knows her.There are lots of trees on each side of the road.Each of the road has a dictionary.2. on the earth在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。 on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. /What on earth do you mean?3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指具体的人。person, 无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。people, 泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，a man 可指“一个人/ 一个男人”，复数形式为men.He was the only human on the island.There are only three persons in the room.There are many people there.Man is stronger than woman.4. seem 连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法：seem + 名词看起来。He seemsa nice man.seem like好像，似乎。It seemed like a good idea at the time.seem to do sth. 似乎/看起来/好像做某事。I seem to have left my book at home.It seems/seemed that看起来好像, 似乎.He was very happy.seem to be + 形容词/名词 = seem + 形容词/名词。She seems to be happy.= She seems happy.5. probably ad. maybe 相当于 perhaps. 也许，大概，可能。作状语.probably 用于句中，可能性最大。 He will probably come tomorrow.maybe/perhaps 用于句首。Maybe/Perhaps you are right.6.during / for / in介词，在期间。说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during; 说到某事持续多久则用for; 说到某事具体发生的时间用in.We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.Ive been here for two weeks.They usually leave school in July.一般将来时结构：肯定式： 主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他will 用于各种人称，shall 用于第一人称。主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他be 随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。否定式： 在will/shall/be 后面加 not.will not = wont .一般疑问句： 将will/shall/be 提到主语前面。There be 句型的一般将来时：There will be + 主语 + 其他 ，意为 ：将会有。一般疑问句形式为： Will there be + 主语 + 其他。肯定回答是： Yes, there will. 否定回答是： No, there wont.否定形式是：There wont be + 主语 + 其他， 将不会有特殊疑问句是: 疑问词/ 词组 + 一般疑问句？When will there be a nice basketball match?Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?短语：milk shaketurn onpour intoa cup of yogurta good ideaon Saturdaycut upput intoone more thinga piece ofat this timea fewfillwithcoverwithone by onea long time短语用法：How many + 可数名词复数How much + 不可数名词let sb. + do sth.want + to do sth.forget + to do sth.how + to do sth.There are many reasons for一段时间 +agoby + doing sth.need + to do sth.make + 宾语 + 形容词Its time(for sb) + to do sthFirstNextThenFinally句型：Turn on the blender.How do you make a banana milk shake?How many bananas do we need?How much yogurt do we need?Now, its time to enjoy the rice noodles!语法：How do you make a banana milk shake?First, peel the banana.Next, put the banana in the blender.Then, pour the milk into the blender.Finally, turn on the blender.Countable nounsUncountable nounsHow many bananas do we need?How much yogurt do we need?We need three bananas.We need one cup of yogurt.主谓一致判断法：1.不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2.动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。3.eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also.连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。4.在here, there 开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。词语辨析：1.turn on打开，接通（电源，气，水），反义词是turn off.turn up/turn down 调高/低音量。2.pourinto将倒入/灌入into 是：进入in 是：在内。在put, throw, break, lay, fall 等动词之后，既可用in，也可用into。但in可作副词，into不能。He put all the books in/into the bag.Come in!3. 有关make 的短语： make the bed铺床make tea沏茶make trouble惹麻烦make money赚钱make a decision做决定make a telephone call打电话make a visit拜访make a mistake犯错误make a noise弄出噪音make a living谋生make sure务必4. one more thing = another one thing基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词5. fill with 用填充be filled with= be full of充满.The boy filled the bottle with sand./The bag was full of clothes.6. coverwith用把覆盖be covered with被所覆盖。cover n. 封面，盖子。Ann covered her face with her hands./ The cover of the magazine is nice.7. Its time (for sb) to do sth.到某人做某事的时候了。Its time for sth.到做某事的时候了。Unit 9 Can you come to my party?短语：on Saturday afternoonhave toprepare forgo to the doctorhave the fluhelp my parentscome to the partymeet my friendgo to the partytoo much homeworkgo to the moviesanother timelast fallhang outafter schoolon the weekendstudy for a testvisit grandparentsthe day before yesterdaythe day after tomorrowhave a piano lessonlook afteraccept an invitationturn down an invitationtake a tripat the end of this monthlook forward tothe opening ofreply in writinggo shoppingdo homeworkgo to the concertnotuntil短语用法