对施工现场安全问题的剖析

balanced and run the satisfaction of the people education. Room XX City Bureau of educational supervision of XX municipality May 6, 2016 County economic information and Business Council System Committee two learn a do learning arrangements specific programme for advance full strictly rule party, according to County Organization Department on County two learn a do learning arrangements of specific programme and I Board learning education implementation programme spirit, according to distinguish level, and has targeted solution problem of requirements, ensure learning education made effectiveness, promote all members consciously respected Constitution, and comply with party rules, with XI General Secretary series important speech spirit armed mind, and guide practice, and Promote the work and be qualified party members and learning arrangements are hereby makes the following specific programmes. Learning requirements, on all party members to study the party Constitution and party rules and unify the XI series of important speech, General Secretary, speech learning series to deepen understanding of the Constitution Party rules, Constitution Party rules in the deep insight series address the basic spirit and practical requirements. 1. Constitution Party rules. Learning of the party Constitution, a deep understanding of the partys nature, purpose, guiding principles, goals, organization, good style, grasp conditions, rights and obligations of party members, bearing in mind that oath, clear qualified party member criteria and conditions. Learning the code of self-discipline of the CPC, the CPCs disciplinary regulations, the Chinese Communist Party Member Rights Ordinance and so on, mastering self-discipline standards of four must, the four upholdings, mastering various types of disciplinary offence and punishment provisions. 2. series spoke. To XI General Secretary series important speech reading (2016 version) and out poverty for basic textbook, learning understand XI General Secretary series important speech of basic spirit, learning understand Central ruling acting political new concept new thought new strategy of basic content, learning understand XI General Secretary in Fujian work during advocate of four grassroots immediately on do drop weak bird first fly and the in Nanping research study proposed of gravity Xia moved, and innovation mechanism, important thought, Master and strengthen the party spirit, fulfills the purpose ideas, moral character, conservation related to the basic requirements. Main understand master following aspects content: (1) ideal faith is Communists spirit Shang of calcium, set right of worldview, and Outlook on life, and values; (2) China dream is national of dream, and national of dream, and people of dream, is Chinese modern yilai most great of dream, core Essentials is national prosperity, and national revitalization, and people happiness; (3) China features Socialist is achieved Chinese great revival of way, enhanced road confidence, and theory confidence, and system confidence; (4) four a full Strategy layout is new of history conditions Xia party ruling acting political total strategy, consciously with four a full led the work; (5) insisted innovation, and coordination, and green, and open, and shared development is relationship China development global of one deep change, according to new development concept do job; (6) practice line Socialist core values, promote Socialist thought moral and Chinese traditional virtue对施工现场安全问题的剖析安全生产，是建筑施工过程中永恒不变的主题，随着公司经济的快速发展，我们公司建设事业也是蒸蒸日上，但是，随之而来的是建筑施工带来的安全生产问题。目前，建筑施工现场的安全生产还存在着很多问题，建筑施工的安全生产问题始终是公司安全生产监督管理工作的重中之重。施工现场安全生产管理控制的三大重点是：人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态以及作业环境的不安全因素和管理缺陷。建筑业伤亡事故80以上都是由于违章指挥、违章作业、违反劳动纪律等人的不安全行为和管理缺陷造成的，因此如何提高作业人员的安全素质和操作技能，规范作业人员的安全行为，最终实现安全标准化作业，规范化施工是摆在我们面前的一个重要问题。建筑施工由于生产的流动性大和环境的多变性以及繁重体力劳动多，存在着众多危险、危害因素，被认为是安全事故高发的行业。然而,建筑安全形势却呈现三少、三多、两差状况(即安全投入少,安全设备少,安全管理人员少；违规现象多、安全隐患多、伤亡事故多;安全意识差、自我防护能力差)。目前建筑施工安全生产状态仍要加大规范整顿。1、建筑施工安全事故的主要原因建筑施工是由沉重的建筑物料、不同种类的施工机械、多工种密集的作业人员,在地下、地面、高空多层次作业面上每时每刻都在变更作业结构,全方位时空立体交叉作业。其进度情况、卫生条件、现场周围及社会生活条件对施工都有限制, 复杂的环境造成了安全事故多发的原因。具体主要集中在:建筑业人员流动分散、作业地点变换不固定、施工组织结构和隶属关系复杂、承包和用工形式多样、大量农民工流入建筑市场、各种所有制形式的建筑队伍条件不一致、市场竞争不规范、不平等、低价招标等等均是我们安全管理的重大障碍。1.1以包代管,一线操作人员安全技术差、安全意识不强现在很多工程项目都是低价中标, 中标的企业为了取得利润将工程转包给低资质的小公司,中标企业只管协调、收费和整理资料以便交工使用,施工由分包单位自行组织。分包单位为了抢工期和节约资金,便一切从简, 工程项目即使有施工组织设计也只是为了投标而编制的,不是用于指导施工的。其他安全制度的建立和安全设施的投入,也是能免则免,不能免的也只是流于形式。并且当前,很多施工单位的工人基本都是由在劳务市场上招聘来的民工，民工素质参差，安全意识不强，大多没有经过系统的安全培训和安全教育，使得建筑施工中安全生产有关的法规、标准只停留在项目管理人员这一层,落实不到施工队伍身上。操作人员不了解或不熟悉安全规范和操作规程,又因缺乏管理,违章作业现象不能得到及时的纠正和制止,事故隐患未能及时发现和整改,是造成事故的重要原因。1.2缺乏建筑工地安全环境文化建筑工地是多项作业交叉进行的环境, 不仅对作业者心理产生影响,而且是诱发事故的一个重要因素。建筑工地的高空作业,交叉、流动性作业多,作业时间长,劳动强度大,工作重复单调,苦脏累险；工余生活环境不理想,住宿空间拥挤；卫生条件差,饮食差,企业少文化,工人得不到较好的休息和娱乐。长年在此环境中作业,容易使人产生郁闷、烦躁的情绪。当工人受到生活或工作上意外的刺激时,会激化其焦虑、忧郁和不安的情绪,对意外事件的判断力及反映速度下降，从而增加了事故发生的概率。1.3施工单位安全制度文化缺乏,安全制度不落实,安全监管部门不力建筑施工安全生产责任制未能认真落实和各司其责，安全管理机制与安全生产现状不相适应。目前,很多小的施工单位有效的建筑安全生产监督管理的机制还未形成, 与大企业先进的安全生产管理模式相比存在较大差距,安全监督方式和管理手段无法适应我们较大的建设规模,难以有深度地开展建筑安全监督工作。监督管理不力,执法不严。部分施工单位主管部门虽然建立了安全生产责任制, 但未能落实在行动上,有多起事故是因没有按照公司相关的规定办理建筑施工手续却照样施工,而建设单位主管人员的监管却没有到位。公司内专业安全监督人员不足,不能适应当前繁重的建筑安全监管需要。监督人员对监督工作过程中发现的问题和隐患, 未能严格按有关安全生产规定进行处罚,执行力度不足，助长了部分事故隐患单位对隐患处理的消极、观望、拖延的不良风气。2 保证建筑安全施工的一些对策“安全第一,预防为主”是我们公司的安全生产方针；预防为主是实现安全生产的必由之路。在事故预防过程中,要涉及事故系统和安全系统这两个对象。事故系统包含人、机(机器)、环(环境)、管(管理)4 要素；而安全系统则由人、物(设备安全性)、能量(能量的有效控制)、信息(管理效能的发挥)等4要素构成。从这两个系统的要求中可以看出,要搞好安全生产、预防安全事故,人是最直接、最重要的因素。安全文化可划分为4 个层次:安全环境文化、安全物质文化、安全行为文化、安全意识文化。建筑施工单位安全文化是实现建筑企业安全生产管理目标的最有效途径。2.1要求中标单位优化总包与分包结构,使用建筑业专业劳务分包企业,规范分包中的交易行为：（1）优化总承包、专业承包、劳务分包三层企业结构,总承包企业必须提高自身管理水平；专业承包企业要把工作做专做精,提高技术水平；劳务分包单位必须要规范,也必须有较高技术水平。就目前来讲,总承包企业必须要控制好专业承包和劳务分包的企业,构建合理的施工组织结构,实现合理的三层企业比例关系。（2）取消“包工头”交易环节,劳务分包企业直接管理施工人员。把原来“包工头”的民工队伍中素质较高的吸收到劳务分包企业中去,素质不足的进行培训教育，考核通过后上岗，素质差的坚决不用。提高施工单位的准入门槛，实行施工公司备案制度，规定施工单位必须与工人签订劳动合同，购买劳动保险和工伤保险，对工人定期进行安全教育和技术培训，统一持平安卡上岗，工人上岗前进行三级安全教育和安全交底。2.2 改善建筑工地作业安全环境文化与物质文化（1）在建筑工地上做一些简易的绿化，美化工作环境，调节作业者紧张、烦躁的情绪,增添其安全作业的信心。（2）改善工人的居住条件和生活条件，搞好居住环境卫生，使工人在工余时间得到充分的休息，以便有更充足的精神更好地进行工作。（3）积极开展安全生产宣传活动。采取悬挂标语横幅、设置安全教育宣传栏，制作宣传专刊和安全手册、张贴宣传挂图、播放安全教育录像等有效措施,广泛进行宣传教育,组织安全知识竞赛活动,寓教于乐,既娱乐了大众、发展了企业文化,又提高了宣传质量，将安全生产意识贯彻到每个员工日常工作与生活中。2.3建立安全生产问责制、加大监管力度,加强安全管理（1）加强安全生产责任制的落实和考核工作。以项目经理为安全生产第一责任人,成立安全生产领域领导机构,并设置专门的安全生产管理部门,将安全生产管理责任制层层落实,严格抓好进场施工队伍的管理。（2）施工单位应建立、健全安全管理制度体系,其中包括专职安全人员的信息资料、安全协议书、安全网络计划、安全生产教育计划、施工人员花名册、所有特殊作业人员上岗证、安全措施计划体系等。在施工进程中,配备专职的安全管理人员进行日常的安全巡检，发现隐患及时督促整改。坚持记录安全日记,对特殊机械、特殊工种工人建立特殊的安全信息资料,建立、健全安全奖罚条例,做到“有条可依、违章必纠”。制定安全事故应急预案，并定期进行演练，使应急预案在事故发生时发挥其应有的作用，把事故造成的影响及损失降到最低。事故发生后要按照“四不放过”的原则，对发生的建筑安全生产事故，依据相关规定严肃查处事故的责任单位和责任人，强化对事故责任人处罚力度，使相关人员真正起到教育作用。（3）对违反安全管理条例，无视安全生产，管理混乱，违章作业而导致安全事故发生的施工单位，管理人员应严格按照公司相关规章制度进行执罚，责成其及时落实安全整改措施，消除事故隐患。综上所述，建筑施工安全管理工作是一项复杂的系统工程，必须全员参与，全过程预防控制，做到安全意识到位、安全责任到位、安全制度措施到位、安全监督到位、环节联控到位。抓好事前、事中的各项安全生产作业，采取防范有效措施，这样才能够有效避免或者减少事故的发生，才能做到以人为本，保护人员安全，保障公司利益。北海的泪 2012年4月26日本实验的教学目的是使学生在了解与掌握物联网基本架构、物联网关键技术以及物联网发展现状的基础上，通过对物联网在诸多典型领域应用的深度学习与分析总结，使学生对物联网的应用有真实全面的认识full strictly rule party is all members common responsibility, must implementation to each branch and each name members. 3 . Play a vanguard and exemplary role in life. Keep to the correct political orientation, political sensitivity and political judgment, dare to fight against all kinds of wrong thought, wrong words and deeds. (2) firmly establish consciousness of the party, the party members consciousness. Focus on some party members sense of organization and discipline, they do not participate in the Organization, is not required to pay membership dues for a long time, do not play a vanguard and exemplary role, some dont even mention membership, fail to make a distinction between right and wrong, failing to observe political discipline and rules, and so on. Always keep in mind that he is a Communist, strengthen party spirit, listening party, party, party, party, party party guarding party, at the party, the party for the party. (3) strengthening the consciousness of the partys purpose. Focus on peoples conception of some party members, lack of sense of service, do not care for the masses did not take the initiative, and some even hurt public interests, job, excellent thick friends, eating, and so on. Bearing in mind the fundamental purpose of serving, top people at heart, close ties with the masses, be kind to people, dedicated to public service and play a part in poverty relief, with practical actions to win the trust and support of the masses. (4) actively practicing the Socialist core values. Focus on do not observe stringent members, knowledge out of devotion, talk about ethics, good faith is not enough, and some even value distortions, moral misconduct, sexy vulgar, materialistic, and so on. Strengthening moral cultivation, Zonta for good, pay attention to self-discipline, spiritual pursuit, to internalize the core values into conscious action, with exemplary behavior influence and lead people. (5) set up in the practice of promoting reform, development and stability. Focus on some party members with the status quo, a less aggressive mood, depressed, saying sluggish again, just to get by not seeking guodeying, some even perfunctory address, evading responsibility and other issues. Actively adapt to the economic development of the new normal, seriously implement the new development philosophy, hard work hard work hard, based on their own dedication. Second, on the Council of the section-level cadres above requirements section above party cadres to take the lead in