听力教程4U15施心远.doc

Keys to Unit 15Section I1. 欧洲文化也许更应该描述为欧洲一系列相互重叠的文化。2. 欧洲一直是许多后来传播到世界各地的文化创新和文化运动的发祥地。3. 对欧洲文化进行界定的主要问题之一是：欧洲始于何处，又止于何处？4. 绝大多数国家有着共同的历史经历，但其中出现了一些重要的断层。5. 近几十年来，欧盟一直致力于鉴别和支持共同的欧洲价值观，但结果证明这是一个非常有争议的难题。Section IIDialogue Necessity: 1 Natural energy resources are limited. 2 not to rely on importing fuel 3 Nuclear power production is extremely efficient and clean.Safety: 1 all kinds of automatic backup security systems2 Nuclear reactors can automatically shut down in a real emergency.Pollution: 1 investigating suitable sites, where theres clay or chalk, for storing the waste underground2 developing methods of treating waste and sealing it for storage in blocks of glass or rock.3 Nuclear waste does decay and eventually turn into non-radioactive material.Alternative sources of energy:1 Serious consideration has been given to alternative sources of energy.2 continuing research into methods of using alternative energy sources efficiently.3 It doesnt make economic sense to develop systems of this kind at present.Awareness of the risks1 Risks are negligible2 Nuclear power is an efficient source of energy which well be able to rely on for many years.Passage Dictation:1. Organized competitive sports were a social innovation, confined to class and national boundaries, excluding manual workers, women and certain ethnic minorities.2. Essentially, these sports were a private initiative, in no way associated with the state or politics, let alone foreign policy.3. Competitive sports were encouraged by the new international contests, especially the modern Olympic Games inaugurated at Athens in 1896.4. In the second half of the 20th century, a mounting tension developed between amateur-elitist sport for wealthy, privileged males and commercial spectator sport for the mainly middle classes, as well as worker and female sport.5. The employment of sport for prestige abroad and unity at home is present in all nations as is the promotion of a particular sport for encouraging a culture of consent.Ex 1:Chess/bullfighting/cricket and croquet/France/Russia/hunting and bocciaEx 2:1789/the mid-19th century/the critical stage of the Industrial Revolution in the 1870s/ the late 19th century/the communist revolution of 1917/the early 19th century/the 1850s and 1860sEx 3:1. They originated in Europe.2. Organized competitive sports emerged in Europe in the 19th century as the private domain of the new social class born of industrialization and urbanization.3. At the turn of the century, particularly after the 1914-1918 World War, competitive sports started to prevail.4. French sport still bears the imprint of the French Revolution of 1789, the educational philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the noble aspirations of Coubertin.5. Europes over 700 million inhabitants currently reside in over 40 nations.Section IIIItem 1: A. the annulment of an election in Thailand.B. 1 After 5 weeks of political paralysis, Thailand finally has a way out of the stalemate left by last months general election.2 The Constitutional Court has voted to annul Prime Minister Thanksin Shinawatras third election victory.3 The intervention by Thailands revered monarch two weeks ago is most likely to have influenced their verdict.4 Because the opposition parties do not want Mr Thaksin to run again for Prime Minister but he is considered the key vote winner for his party.5 The opposition parties are demanding constitutional reforms to strengthen the checks on the Prime Ministers power.Item 2: A. a Hyundai scandal.B. apologizing/cooperate with the investigation/creation of slush funds/tens of millions of dollars/politicians/ government officials/reduce the debts of troubled subsidiaries/illegal transfer of shares/retain management control/3 people/arrestedapology for any wrongdoing/pay a billion dollars to charity/mitigation/donationfamily-owned/corruption scandals/lack of transparency/lenient treatment/their contribution to the national economyItem 3:A. Carnival 2006 in Brazil and the theft of artworks during the Carnival.B. TFTTFSection IVPart I: A. 6B. 1) exterior and office lighting/bodies2) in a pane/an atrium/collide with3) “Lights Out New York”/the lights/the office lights4) invent/reflect patterns/birds/transparency/humansPart IIDictation:1. Because homosexuals have parents, siblings, and cousins, the definition of family at issue in this decision is obviously a narrow one that centers around marriage and children.2. Some states and municipalities have permitted marriage between gay and lesbian partners, but provisions permitting such marriage are under close scrutiny.3. Although same-sex lovers obviously cannot produce children from their union, they can have children in a variety of other ways.4. Others are willing to tolerate and encourage many different family forms including gay and lesbian families as long as they contribute to stable and nurturing environments for adults and children.5. The question society must address is whether homosexual families should receive the same legal recognition and protection as other families.Ex 1: DABDBACBEx 2:1 The traditional view is that homosexual unions are both unnatural and sinful. Others define the family by long-term commitment, and they are willing to tolerate and encourage a variety of family for