2018版高三英语基础知识解读Unit3ScienceandnatureB卷课后分层集训牛津译林版.docx

Unit 3Science and nature (B卷).阅读理解A(2017济南高三模拟)People need to seek out new foods because the world has so many mouths to feed.As of 2015，there are more than seven billion people on Earth，according to the United Nations.And by 2100 that number may double.Feeding all of these people means not only improving the way foods are grown，but also finding new sources of nutrition.And that_quest is becoming ever more urgent.If nothing changes，within 35 years，the worlds appetite will be greater than the amount of foods produced.Thats according to a report released last year.It was prepared by the Global Harvest Initiative，a private agriculture group based in Washington，D.C.Global warming，too，is changing food production.Scientists predict that rising temperatures will reduce the growth of important crops like wheats，corns and soybeans.Lowincome developing countries will be hit the hardest.When harvests fall，crops become more expensive.And since those foods are also used to feed animals like cows and pigs，meat prices，too，will rise.All over the world，researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world.And some surprising ideas have begun to come up.Two years ago，scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab.The project cost more than $300，000，but its a start.Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought.Still others are finding ways to improve the genes of meat animals so they produce more meat and can stand the heat.A gloomy (悲观的) forecast for the planet isnt the only reason to study foods for the future.Its a creative quest that will inspire people who can think in new ways about existing plants and animalseven insects.These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.【语篇解读】本文主要讲的是在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。1What do the underlined words “that quest” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe research on foods.BThe increase of population.CThe variety of nutrition.DThe change of appetite.A词义猜测题。根据第一段的最后一句及下文的食物研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。2How does global warming affect lowincome developing countries?aIncrease meat prices.bRaise the temperature.cReduce the growth of crops.dLead to the high cost of life.eCause a higher price for crops.AbacdeBcabdeCdecabDbceadD细节理解题。根据第三段的整体内容可知，全球变暖首先是导致气温上升，然后是农作物减产，从而农作物价格上涨，进而肉类涨价，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。3What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?ANew ways of farming.BSome great researchers.CProgress in food research.DAchievements in lab experiments.C段落大意题。根据第四段的第二句“And some surprising ideas have begun to come up”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，本段主要讲述的是食物研究方面的进步。4What will be discussed in the following paragraph?AExamples of successful food researchers.BDifferent opinions about the future food.CMethods of dealing with global warming.DPossibilities of feeding the present population.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。B(2017合肥高三检测)Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have existed on the planet，and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330，000 pounds.But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended in 1965.The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997.Four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores，suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts.Before commercial whaling began in the early 1900s，blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters.But from the 1920s to the 1960s，whaling severely reduced the whale populations.Blue whales never recovered in the North Pacific，making sightings in this area rare.However，much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s.The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in the North Pacific waters.But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.To identify the blue whales，the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean and compared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the west coast of the United States and Southern Pacific.Up to now，the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns，but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions.【语篇解读】本文主要讲的是蓝鲸的迁移以及有可能引起迁移的原因。5According to the passage，blue whales are _Afollowing a fixed route of migrationBdying out due to commercial whalingCmoving from the south to the northDrarely found in the Southern PacificC推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“the whales may be following their food moving farther north”可推出，蓝鲸正从南向北移动。故选C。6The whale population in the North Pacific _Ais different from the California populationBis probably part of the California populationChas become the largest group since the 1970sDhas lived there since the 1960sB细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.”可知，选B。7The underlined word “cetaceans” in Paragraph 5 probably means _Aland creaturesBwhale speciesCocean conditionsDmigration patternsB词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“To identify the blue whales，the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean”可知，为了辨认蓝鲸，研究者看在北太平洋拍摄的有关cetaceans的照片，所以cetaceans应该指的是鲸类。故选B。8What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers?ACommercial whaling.BWeather conditions.CLife reproduction.DFood resources.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north”可知，研究者怀疑蓝鲸有可能跟随着它们的食物向北移动。故选D。.完形填空(2017广东揭阳一中高三阶段考试 )On an airplane as she was flying across the United States，Dr.Jane Goodall noticed a woman sitting next to her.She asked the woman why she was so tired，and the woman said she was absolutely_1_because shed been up at two in the morning trying to _2_the water.Her young daughter was in an environmental group at school and her daughters passion had turned to making sure her_3_was ecofriendly.They were staying at the womans brothers house the night before her trip，and in the middle of the night her daughter woke up to the _4_of a dripping faucet(水龙头)The daughter asked for_5_turning it off as the faucet handle was _6_ .The only way to _7_the leak was to dig to the pipe in the front lawn to find the main valve to turn the water off，and her daughter wouldnt go to sleep until the leak stopped.So at two in the morning _8_in the family was out in the yard helping to _9_to turn off the water.Young people have much more _10_to start and accomplish changes than what _11_may believe.When children make a change in their lives，families are _12_along to become environmentally friendly.The story also shows that _13_ actions can have a big impact.We _14_to think about _15_events like Clean and Green Week.Instead，a lot of small changes can make a (n)_16_ .If hundreds or thousands of students _17_their families to turn off the tap to save water，move the air conditioning temperature_18_a degree or two in summer，_19_less and make other environmentmentallyfriendly changes，the _20_family may change its behaviors.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一个小女孩在学校是爱护环境小组的成员，一天在凌晨两点她听到了水龙头滴答的声音，醒来之后一看是水龙头的把手坏了，无法关上水管，于是她就说服家里人起来一起帮她挖通往总阀门的管道，以便切断水源。小女孩的激情已经感染她的家人也变得爱护环境了。通过这件事说明小行动也能有很大的影响，许多小的变化也能起重要的作用。1A.exhaustedBdelightedCsadDangryA根据本句前面的暗示词“tired”和下文的描述可知这个妇女在凌晨两点就起来想法关水龙头，所以她绝对非常疲倦(exhausted精疲力竭的)。所以A项符合语境之意。2A.turn onBturn offCtake alongDbring along B根据第二段的描述和暗示词“turn the water off”可知此处的意思是凌晨两点起来关(turn off)水管。故选B。3A.motherBfamilyCschoolDgroupB根据第8空处的暗示词“everyone in the family”可知因她的小女儿在学校是爱护环境小组的成员，她女儿的激情已经感染她的家人(family)也变得爱护环境了。故选B。4A.soundBvoiceCrhymeDmusicA根据下文的语境可知在半夜她女儿醒了是因为听到了水龙头滴答的声音(sound)。故选A。5A.adviceBpleasureChelpDtroubleC根据下文可知本句的意思该是“女儿请求帮助(help)她把水龙头给关上，因为水龙头的把手坏了。”故选C。6A.openedBthrownCdroppedDbrokenD根据下文可知本句的意思该是“女儿请求帮助她把水龙头给关上，因为水龙头的把手坏了(broken )。”故选D。7A.stopBpreventCholdDcutA根据本句后面的暗示词“the leak stopped”可知本句的意思是“阻止(stop)漏水的唯一方法是朝着前面草坪里的管子挖，来找切断水源的主阀门，而且她女儿直到止住漏水才去睡觉。”故选A。8A.someoneBanyoneCeveryoneDno oneC根据上文可知此句的意思该是“于是在凌晨两点家里的每一个人(everyone)都到外面的院子里帮助挖水管。” 故选C。9A.fixBdigCmendDfitB根据上文可知此句的意思该是“为了切断水源，于是在凌晨两点家里的每一个人都到外面的院子里帮助挖(dig)水管。” 故选B。10A.powerBtimeCenthusiasmDwisdomA根据下文可知本句的意思应该是“年轻人开始并完成改变的力量(power)比成年人可以相信的要大得多。” 故选A。11A.officialsBteenagersCteachersDadultsD根据上下文的语境和常识可知年轻人该和成年人相比，所以此句该译成“年轻人开始