高中英语句子成分及词性类型ppt课件.ppt

英语句子成分 结构及类型 1 词类 名词代词形容词副词动词数词连词介词冠词感叹词 China pencil salt power they itself that who any beautiful round exciting quite luckily almost very buy die have will must be one first ten tenth and but while because after at in with by on for of an a the Oh ouch aha 2 词类 短语 句子成分 主语谓语宾语表语补语定语状语同位语独立成分 修饰成分 句子 按结构 简单句并列句复合句 按功能 陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句 基本句型 getup sothat lookfor 3 词类 10个 名词 人名Mike地名America动物名pig植物名tree抽象名词idea 主意 knowledge 知识 代词 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 动词 walkthinkamisare形容词 修饰名词高矮胖瘦白富美 副词 修饰动词介词 名词的 好哥们 atbyinon 四大要犯 连词 连接单词短语句子 不单独使用and but or so if when 数词 基数词 序数词冠词 定冠词the不定冠词a an 不单独使用 与名词搭配感叹词 oh Ah well 4 根据对词类概念的理解 指出下面单词的词类 1deep2 finger3 fly4 papers5 pass6refuse7 size8 spoon9 delicious10 thick11 town12 map13 myself14 and15 on16sheep17ship18mine19important20an21catch22first23laugh24third25leave26here27fly28home29round30sing31blind32but33eighth34about35bad36yours37child38against39ah40with41cinema42Tuesday43cheap44advice45two46they47able48for49say50quickly51if52 whether 5 根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性 1scientist2singer3conversation4beautiful5loudly6famous7government8dangerous9instruction10careful11lively12safeties13national14traditional15illnesses16wonderful17competitions18station19successful20natural21illnesses22lovely23really24friendly25usually26yearly27advertisement 6 句子成分的分析 7个 英语的基本成分有六种 主语 subject S谓语 predicate V宾语 object O表语 predicative P定语 attribute Attri 状语 adverbial Adv 补语 objectcomplement oc 7 主语谓语宾语 观察下面一个例句 你能找到句中的 主语 谓语 宾语 吗 因此这是个典型的 主谓宾 句型 I beat you 主语 谓语 宾语 SVO IteachyouEnglish Youarebeaten 主语是动作的发出者或承受者 Wearegoodfriends WhatIwanttodoisjointheparty Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth TolearnEnglishisdifficult 名词 代词从句或非谓语动词 8 我们再想一想什么是谓语 Predicate 谓语表示一个动作 行为 是由动词充当的 IteachyouEnglish 一个句子能不能没有谓语 谓语 不能 宾语 Object 又是什么 动词宾语 Iloveyou 介词宾语 Iwanttogivethisbooktoyou Hetoldmethathefeltlonely Helikesswimming 宾语一般由名词 代词充当 也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词 及物动词vt 介宾 9 定语 Attributive 定语的作用 用于修饰 限定名词或代词 定语一般由 充当 girl定语还可以由名词充当 表用途 apencilbox 形容词 beautiful a Practice aninterestingbookThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers ameetingtoattendThemanoverthereThebooksontheshelf 从句 非谓语动词 副词 词组 介词 词组 10 状语 Adverbial 状语是用于修饰副词 形容词 动词或句子的成分 状语一般由副词充当 Thoseproblemsareprettyhard Theymanagedtofinishthejob beforeMonday Theoldmansatonthebench enjoyingthesunset Ashewasleavingtheoffice itstartedtorain 介词词组 现在分词词组 时间状语从句 11 补语 Complement Hemadehissistercry Hissisterwasmadetocry 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征 补语一般由名词或形容词充当 Don tleavemealone OC 主语补语 宾语补足语 Practice EveryonecallshimJack HeiscalledJack Shelaidthebabyonthebed prep Isawhimrushingintotheclassroom 12 表语 Complement Timeisup adv Theyareintheclassroom prep Theplaceiswherewefirstmeteachother 1 持续系动词 keep rest remain stay lie stand2 表像系动词 用来表示 看起来像 seem appear look3 感官系动词 feel smell sound taste4 变化系动词 become grow turn fall get go come run5 终止系动词 证实 变成 prove turnoutTherumorprovedfalse Hisplanturnedoutasuccess 13 同位语 Appositive 同位语是位于名词或代词后面 重复指代同一事物 同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当TheGreatWall oneofthewondersintheworld attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends 名词性从句也可以充当同位语 修饰抽象名词为多 Thenewsthathewentabroadsurprisedme 14 插入语的还可以是不定式 现在分词 介词短语 形容词 副词或从句 1 Tobefrank Idon tagreewithyou 2 Strictlyspeaking youarewrong 3 This inmyopinion isonlyasimplequestion 4 Bytheway whereisXiaoLi 5 Sureenough enemyplanescameagainthenextday 6 Honestly Idon tneeditatthemoment 7 Youarenotquitefitforthiskindofwork ifImaysayso 15 英语句子的基本结构 5个 1 S V 主 谓 2 S V P 主 系 表 3 S V O 主 谓 宾 4 S V o O 主 谓 间宾 直宾 5 S V O OC 主 谓 宾 宾补 16 判断下列各句句子的基本句型 MrBlackisEnglish Theteachertaughtussomegrammarrules Thefarmerdugupthesoil Shefoundherringlost Sheleftherjobunfinished SVIODO SVO SVOC SVOC SVP Thegreatpoetlivedinthe18thcentury Sheintroducedherfriendstous Thetape recorderisonthedesk Theguestshavejustarrived Shelaidthebabyonthebed 17 练习 一 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 1 Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus 2 Hehandedmethenewspaper 3 Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass 4 WhatabeautifulChinesepainting 5 Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning 主 定语 宾语 谓语 状语 定语 状语 18 6 Hisjobistotrainswimmers 7 HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing 8 HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow 9 Hiswishistobecomeascientist 10 Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime 11 Tomcametoaskmeforadvice 12 HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish 定语 表语 宾语 主语 谓语 目的状语 宾语 形式宾语 真正宾语 表语 宾语 19 二 划分句子成分1 weareworking 2 Icanswimverywell 3 Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome 4 Whydoesthewindblow 5 Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday 6 BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic 7 Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone 8 Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow 20 9 Ihavealotofclothestowash Ihavealotofclothestobewashed 10 Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading 11 Readmethefirstparagraph 12 I veorderedsomesoupforyou 13 HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago 14 Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher 15 Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus 16 April Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone 21 17 Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch asishishabit 18 Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom 19 hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden 20 Thetelephonerang 21 Westudyhard 22 Hisfathermighthavedied 23 Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout 24 Canyoumakethedogstandstill 22 25 Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight 26 Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting 27 Weallbreathe eat drink 28 Iwokeupat6 00inthemorning 29 Thebookweighsfivekilos 30 TheywillbeflyingtoLondon 31 Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme 32 HepromisedmeanewEnglish Chinesedictionary 23 33 Pleasepassanewly publishedtome 34 HelivedinGuangZhou 35 Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees 36 Hisunclelefthimsomemoney 37 SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years 38 Ilikepopularmusic 39 Sheknowswhattodonext 40 Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool 24 Bye bye 25 三种句子 简单句 并列句 复合句 26 简单句的基本词序 主语动词部分宾语状语 谓语 方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday Thechildrenranhome Thetaxidriversh