四级写作辅助资料.doc

四级强化写作教程辅助学习部分各位同学请注意：一定不要把内容发到网上，否则会很麻烦的，大家自产自销便可，感谢同学们的支持！ 写作评分标准(15分制)2分：条理不清，思路紊乱。语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 8分：基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。 14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺， 连贯性较好。基本无语言错误。 基础语法：非限定性定语从句二者区别：翻译时限定性定从的从句翻译放在被修饰名词的前面，是必要信息，不可去掉。 Who is Conans girlfriend？ 坐在角落里的女孩是柯南的女友。The girl who sits in the corner is Conans girlfriend.非限定性定语从句元芳有父亲，他在医院工作。Yuan Fang has a father，who works in a hospital.Yuan Fang has a father who works in a hospital. （非限定性定从一般有逗号）基础语法：分词结构现在分词结构：v.ing 过去分词结构：v.ed分词结构作定语：(定语从句)a. 从句中有be动词，把引导词和be动词都去掉The girl who is reading in the corner is Conans girlfriend.The girl reading in the corner is Conans girlfriend. b. 从句中无be动词 把引导词去掉，从句中的谓语动词现在分词Yuan Fang has a father who works in a hospital.Yuan Fang has a father working in a hospital.分词结构作状语：取决于与所伴随的名词之间的关系：语态该名词发出动作：主动关系现在分词 该名词接受动作：被动关系过去分词 书用了很久，看起来很旧 Used for a long time, the book looks oldUsing the book, I find it useful. 正反对比类部分开头方式：话题式举例06(12)：是否应该取消春晚Spring Festival GalaAmong all the popular issues that individuals are talking about recently，one of the hottest is about Spring Festival Gala. 05(12)：是否应开放大学校园：open the university campusAmong all the popular issues that individuals are talking about recently，one of the hottest is about opening the university campus. 开头的方式：问句式举例金钱是万恶之源or幸福之本？How should we handle/regard money？05(12)：是否应该开放大学校园How should we consider opening the university campus？ 提出观点部分扩展扩展1 When it comes to me，it is more advisable to choose the former/the latter，rather than .the opposite oneIt is + adj.的比较级 + to do sth rather than （to）do sth choose/select 扩展2It is + adj. +of sb to do sth It is + adj. +for sb to do sth adj人的性格、品质的of sb kind，diligent，optimistic，careless，foolish，rash轻率的，cautious， politeadj描述事物，非品格评价for sb plain简单的，tough艰苦的，vital，risky， impossible ，groundless无根无据的It is groundless for us to believe that lucky number can really bring us good luck. 扩展3 We find的巧用一些问题也许会给环境施加不好的影响Some problems may have a bad influence on the environment. 我们发现一些问题也许会给环境施加不好的影响 We discover some problems（that） may have a bad influence on the environment.理由部分物质意识之扩展词根Inter在之间international interaction互动 intervene干涉circumstance，surroundings， environment的区别 circumstance情形,情况=situation He was forced by circumstances to do this. 他被环境所迫surroundings周围的事物 （具体的事物） The students live happily in beautiful surroundings. environment周围状况,自然环境（一个或者一群生物体成长的外部环境的总和）The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment. We can gain a better understanding of this world.book，theory理论，definition定义， Feature特征，characteristic特征，loveWe find it difficult to doimpossible，comfortable，cozy舒适的正反对比类：真题举例05(12)：Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists？ 1. 名校校园正在成为旅游新热点2. 校园是否应该对游客开放，人们看法不同3. 我认为第一段：Among all the popular issues that individuals are talking about recently，one of the hottest is about opening the university campus. We find that some citizens hold the opinion that the campus should be opened to the tourists. On one hand，it can widen our horizon. On the other，opening the university campus exerts a dramatically desirable impact on economic development.（tourism） 第二段：On the contrary，others prefer the idea that it is unnecessary to open the campus.For one thing，under these circumstances，we find it difficult to concentrate on our studies，and I am falling behind my assignments. For another，it will bring a disastrous influence on our environment. 第三段：In my opinion，it is more advisable to choose the former，rather than the opposite one.The chief reason is that it may help us to develop our interpersonal skills. In brief，taking all these factors into account，I contend firmly that it is an appropriate choice.Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary？1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2. 也有人持不同意见， 3. 我的看法和打算 第一段：How should we consider the test of spoken English？Attitudes towards the issue often differ sharply.We discover that some citizens deem that the test should not be regarded as an indispensable one. The main reason is that under these circumstances，we find it difficult to concentrate on other subjects ，and I am falling behind my assignments.第二段：However，others are in favor of the opposite one that participating in the test of spoken English is vital.primarily，it can widen our horizon.Secondly，we can gain a better understanding of this world.Finally ，it exerts a remarkably desirable impact on the economic development. 第三段：When it comes to me，it is more appropriate to choose the latter，rather than the opposite one.The fundamental reason is that it may help us to develop our interpersonal skills.All in all，based on the analysis mentioned above，I contend firmly that it is an superior choice.推荐课后练习：08(6)： 1、有人认为网络可以让学习，生活更有效率 2、有人认为网络让青少年沉迷，进而影响学习 3、你对网络的看法 个人观点类：第一段练习How I finance My College Education1. 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种途径解决2. 哪一种途径适合于我(说明理由) 话题式+问句式： Among all the popular issues that individuals are talking about recently，one of the hottest is about tuition and fees.How should we regard/handle them？Attitudes towards the issue often differ sharply. 关注式+问句式：How to handle tuition and fees has become a matter of concern.或者How to finance our college education has become a matter of concern. How should we treat them？The answers to this question usually vary from person to person. 个人观点类：第二段练习How I finance My College Education1. 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种途径解决2. 哪一种途径适合于我(说明理由)向父母索取We find some citizens hold the opinion that college students may /can ask for索取 money from their family/parents.依靠奖学金或贷款scholarshiploan奖学金(贷款)应该被认为是学费的一种不可或缺的来源。 Simultaneously，some other citizens prefer the view that scholarship/loan should be regarded as an indispensable source of tuition and fees.自己打工挣取do a part-time job做兼职工作(对我们来说)是必要的。 The rest of them contend that it is necessary for us to do a part-time job.扩展 involvevolve=roll 翻转 revolve旋转，循环 Concern一、动词： 1、关系到，影响 The eighteenth National Congress of the CPC taking place in China concerns the whole world. 2. The boys poor performance at school concerned his parents.使担心；使关心；使烦恼 adj.concerned有关的He asked all concerned to take an active part in helping the girl.二、名词 1.Thats my concern, so Ill do as I like aboutit.有关的事（可数） 2. Some people dont show much concern for our environment.关怀；关心（不可数） 3. There is no considerable concern for their illness.焦急；忧虑（不可数） 三、惯用搭配 1. concern oneself with / in / about sth. 忙于某事 Theres no need to concern yourself with this matter; were dealing with it. 2. So/as far as I am concerned3. be concerned with / in. 与有关 One of Brad Pitts most famous films is concerned with seven Catholic death penalty called Se7en社会热点类：第一段：综合练习2003(1)：To Be Honest1. 社会上有很多不诚实的现象2. 诚实利人利己；怎样做到诚实 坏事名利这将有利于他们获得不正当的利益(或名誉)Among all the popular issues that individuals are talking about recently，one of the hottest is about dishonesty.The phenomenon may attribute to several factors.The main reason is that it will assist them to acquire improper interest. 拓展perform a function inimproper interest perform a remarkable function in dishonesty.facilitate帮助，使容易 使他们非法利益的获得变得容易 It will facilitate their obtaining of improper benefits.account n.账户；解释 vi.解释;导致vt.认为 开户 open an account by all accounts据说 By all accounts，all the evildoers get their just reward惩罚 eventually.Some folks deem that honesty is of little account.诚实不重要Some students choose electives on account of developing interpersonal skills.基于On no account绝不On no account should you deceive/cheat your girlfriend. 我们绝不支持开放大学校园？ On no account should we support opening the university campus.takeinto account.考虑account for Drunken driving account for the car accident.导致 Schools set up a remarkably increasing number of courses. How should we account for this phenomenon？ 解释区别 effective and efficient effective有效的， 强调一个事情的结果，表示结果很好 efficient有效率的，高效的强调一个事情的过程，表示过程很快 社会热点类第三段负面措施真题举例不诚实？ set down strict laws and regulations to punish those who commit the crime of fraud. educate sb to be honest.或者educate sb who are not honest.淡水短缺？ set down strict laws and regulations to protect fresh water. educate sb.who wastes fresh water.或者 educate sb not to waste fresh water 解决措施(负)：综合练习假冒伪劣商品To reverse this situation，some extraordinarily effective and efficient measures should be adopted.From one aspect，we can appeal to authorities to set down strict laws and regulations to punish those who make fake commodities.make=manufacture/produce/sell From another，the public should keep on the awareness that is vital for them. honesty the quality of products fair exchange 扩展1To reverse this situation，(we find)some extraordinarily effective and efficient measures should be adopted.To do sth，sth should be done为了完成这个任务，一些及其先进的技术应该被引进 To complete this task（mission），some extremely advanced technology should be introduced（imported） 扩展2：adopt/adapt/adeptadopt Many families began to adopt the orphans after the earthquake. 采用，收养 adapt 改编 The author is going to adapt his stories for television.（ adapt for ） The movie was adapted from a novel.（ adapt from） adapt oneself to 适应When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself to new manners and customs.adept be adept in/at=be good at 熟练的，擅长的 扩展3 appeal to On the other hand, the idea appealed to him so much that he cant agree more.appeal to sb 有吸引力的 to appeal against the judges decision上诉，起诉 扩展4 call for To choose electives properly calls for some deep consideration.需要（need） call for help The crew of the ship are calling for a raise in pay.要求 Ill call for you at seven. 前往接某人 扩展5 set down to do 大学生筹措学费 scholarship/loan should be regarded as an indispensable source of tuition and fees.学校应该设立不同种类的基金来帮助那些贫穷的学生。 Schools should set down various types of funds to help those students who are in a poor condition. 解决措施(正)：综合练习大学生了解社会 第一句： Taking all these factors into account，we may safely draw a conclusion that knowing the real society has become an irreversible trend in our modern society.understanding the real society第二句： For one thing，it is indispensable for us to realize its significance.第三句： 知识和实践的结合 In addition，from now on，I make up my mind to spare no effort to put our knowledge into practice in every attempt towards our goals.Put=apply扩展1：常见adj后缀v.+able eatable drinkable reliable n.+able valuable reasonable comfortable ible =“able” terrible,horrible,invisible,possible al actual,general,mental,moral,natural,official,several,special,usual。ant （名词：ance或ancy）：instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),pleasant。 ent “ent”与“ant” 相似：absent(absence),different(difference),excellent(excellence),patient(patience),present(presence). 扩展2 pledge to do sth承诺做某事He pledged to spare no effort to strengthen the strategic partnership with China. pledge to do=promise to do 扩展3 In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher. in an attempt to 为了 =in order to=in a bid to扩展count 本意：计算 You can count on me.count on=depend/rely onThat doesnt count.不算数 count for much、count for a lot、count for a great deal重要count for little、count for nothing不重要I count my dog (as) one of my best friends.算作，视为（常和as连用）活用模板专题07(12)：学校开设选修课electives1. 各学校开设了各种各样的选修课2. 学生选课有不同的原因3. 就我而言 选修课第一段Among all the prevalent issues that college students are talking about recently，one of the hottest is about electives. How should we regard/handle them？ choose Attitudes towards the issue often differ sharply. 选修课第二段The reasons may involve several aspects as follows. We find some citizens hold the opinion that it will assist me to explore new knowledge. We find some students hold the opinion that electives will assist them to explore new knowledge. 或者We find some students hold the opinion that they choose the ones that will assist them to explore new knowledge.主题词与模板结合易错点 1、看清“人”的范围 2、前后指代关系 3、搭配处的表达方式 如何写好具体观点选修课第二段第二句 We find some students hold the opinion that they choose the ones that will assist them to explore new knowledge. 中心词：new knowledgeWe find some students hold the opinion that new knowledge is very important/is the main reason.变1：What+主语+v.+most+is Which factor they consider most is new knowledge. 变2： one of the +adj.最高级 +n. is one of the most crucial reasons is new knowledge when choosing electives 变3： nothing is more+adj+than noting is more essential than new knowledge when choosing electives 变4：has become a matter of concern new knowledge has become a matter of concern when choosing electives 变5：exert an influence on new knowledge exerts a dramatical influence on their choices. 变6：perform a function in new knowledge performs a vital function in their selections.变7： indispensable new knowledge has become an indispensable factor in choosing electives.被动：new knowledge should be regarded as an indispensable factor in their choices. 变8： With the passage of time，it will show more profound and far- reaching significance. With the passage of time，new knowledge will show more profound and far- reaching significance when selecting electives. 变9： It must be the basis of （establishing a harmonious society）. new knowledge is the basis of choosing electives. 变10： Taking all these factors into account /consideration Taking new knowledge into account is remarkably significant when choosing electives 被动New knowledge should be taken into account when choosing electives. 补充：play a adj role in doing significant/vitalpositive/activenegative/undesirable/discouraging new knowledge plays an essential role in choosing electives 如何写出漂亮的具体观点1、找出具体观点中心词 2、掌握和运用模板里的表达法 3、基本的句式变换 选修课第二段The reasons may involve several aspects as follows. Primarily，some students choose the ones that will assist them to explore new knowledge. Secondly， some other students deem that they choose the ones which will widen their horizon.Finally，the rest contend that interpersonal skills play an essential role in choosing electives选修课第三段When it comes to me，it is more advisable to choose the first one，rather than other two.The fundamental reason is that 理由怎么想？ 循环利用物质、意识、大废话 The chief reason is that knowledge can shape our personality.Based on the analysis mentioned above，I contend firmly that it is an advisable choice. 2012.6.真题 1、许多商品都存在过度包装的现象 2、出现这种现象的原因及其带来的后果 3、为了改变这种状况，我认为 过度包装 excessive packaging第一段第一句： 方式1 Among all the popular issues that individuals are talking about recently，one of the hottest is about excessive packaging of the commodities方式2： How to treat/regard the excessive packaging of the commodities has become a matter of concern. 方式3： It may be said without fear of exaggeration that the excessive packaging of the commodities has become a matter of concern. 第二句： The phenomenon may attribute to several factors.第三句： The fundamental reason is that it will assist them to gain considerable interest.第二段第一句： Apparently，excessive packaging performs a great function not only in individuals in their personal life，but in the society as a whole.或者Apparently，excessive packaging exerts a discouraging effect not only on consumers in their personal life，but on the society as a whole. 第二句： From one aspect，taking the undesirable/disastrous impact on the environment into account counts a lot.或者被动 From one aspect，the undesirable /disastrous impact on the environment should be taken into account. 第三句： 我们最担心的是，我们也许会养成一种不好的品性 What+主语+v.+most+is From another，what we worry most is that we may shape an undesirable personality superficiality肤浅.第三段第一句： To reverse this situation，we find some extraordinarily effective and efficient measures should be adopted.第二句： On one hand， we can appeal to government to set down awards to reward those who save on the packaging. economize 或者On one hand， we can appeal to government to educate those who are addicted to excessive packaging to be thrifty. 第三句： From another，the public should keep on the awareness that the quality of the goods is vital for them.第四句： Only in this way can we live in a better place and our society be more desirable. 扩展outweigh vt.比重要 far outweigh 远远大于 The advantages of choosing electives largely outweighs the disadvantages.Ones merits far outweigh ones short-comings.优点大于缺点 Julia outweighs her boyfriend by about 60 pounds. 比重书信体作文格式与套句：综合练习02(1)：A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus 书信体作文格式与套句：综合练习假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容可涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。综合练习第一段Dear president Zhang San， I am Li Ming，a college student of AB university，majoring in accounting.The reason why I wrote the letter to you is to reflect some concerns over the Canteen Service on Campus. 综合练习第二段Several questions are listed as follows. 首先，没什么比改善饭菜的质量更紧急的事情了。 To start with/in the first place，nothing is more urgent than improving the quality of the food. 其次，我们最/还担心的是越来越高的价格给我们增加了负担。 What+主语+v.+most+is Secondly，what we worry as