2020年中考英语热点专题突破 训练十一 任务型阅读

热点11 任务型阅读【命题趋势】为了弥补阅读理解客观题(判断是非题与单项选择题)一统天下、考生容易猜测的局面，近年来各地中考英语阅读理解部分都引入了属于主观题性质的任务型阅读，要求考生或填写表格(一般限定词数)，或回答问题。这类试题的难度最大，考生如果不能真正读懂并理解文章，就无法下笔。 值得一提的是,近年来任务型阅读的主观题在各地中考英语试题中所占的比例越来越大，有的地方试题甚至采用两篇,既要求考生根据文章填写表格，又要求考生在阅读文章后回答问题，但是，综观任何一组中考英语阅读理解试题，试题的难易度分布非常有序。【满分技巧】此类任务型阅读是各种题型的综合，可以给出不同的任务让学生逐一完成。一般是在问题设计上兼顾了多种类型，既有根据短文设计的问答题和相应的翻译题、句型转换等，又有根据内容完成句子，完成这一题型应非常细致，应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息，并且经过整理输出信息。在明白题意和文章的基础上仔细阅读后面的题目要求，根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。具体答题策略如下：1.认真审题，读懂题意由于目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，做到心中有数。2.快读阅读，掌握大意在做影时要快速扫视一下文章的大意，然后结合前面的题目的要求，大致明白所要完成的任务。3.细读题目，完成任务在明白题意和文章意思的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信思，确保答题的佳确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。【热点话题】（建议用时：30分钟） 阅读、健康、垃圾分类及说明建议类等。【限时检测】a（2019 天津市）话题：交朋友难度：建议用时：7分friends are an important part of our lives we spend time with them， have fun togetherand share our opinions，feelings and even secretslife would be boring without friendsfriends influence who we arehelp us learn，support（支持）us in good and bad timesand care for us even when we are not happyoftenwe have many happy moments with our friendswe need someone to share things with to make them more enjoyablebeing lonely for long periods of time is not a great feelingthat is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing （维持），a close group of friendsit is important to have a friend to talk to，whether（不论） it is about a sad or happy subjectin good times， it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someone it is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience friends arc important pillars（中心人物）of supportfriends teach us important lessons no two persons are the same as time goes by， we learn to respect one anothers differences this acceptance of others differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives， such as new family members， neighbours and new friends1.life without friends2. being lonely for long periods of time 3. it is important to have a friend to talk to， whether 4. you need someone to support you if 5. no two persons are the same， so we should 【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文介绍的是朋友的重要性，以及如何与朋友相处1. would be boring细节理解题根据第一段最后的句子life would be boring without friends，没有朋友，生活将是很无聊的，可确定此处要填写would be boring故答案为would be boring2. is not a great feeling细节理解题第三段最后的句子being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling，意思是长时间的寂寞不是一种好的感觉根据这个句子判定此处应该填写is not a great feeling答案为is not a great feeling3. it is about a sad or happy subject细节理解题根据文中的句子 it is important to have a friend to talk to，whether it is about a sad or happy subject，有一个朋友去聊天儿是很重要的，不管你谈的是难过的还是快乐的话题因此应该填写it is about a sad or happy subject故答案为it is about a sad or happy subject4. you have just had an unpleasant experience细节理解题根据文中的句子 it is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience可以确定此题答案是you have just had an unpleasant experience这话的意思是如果你刚刚有一个不愉快的经历，你需要有人来支持你故答案为you have just had an unpleasant experience5. learn to respect one anothers differences细节理解题文章说no two persons are the same as time goes by， we learn to respect one anothers differences，没有两个人是相同的随着时间的流逝，我们学会尊重别人的差别，因此看出此处要填写learn to respect one anothers differences故答案为learn to respect one anothers differencesb（2019 江苏省无锡市）话题：茶文化难度：建议用时：7分阅读填空 先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。所填单词必须写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。每个空格只能填一个单词。britons are well known for drinking tea. the average (典型的) person in the uk drinks around 1.9 kg of tea every year. thats around 876 cups of tea. tea is drunk by all levels of society. but tea does not grow in britain. most tea grows in india and china. so, how did it become an important part of british culture?tea arrived in london in the 1600s. at this time, british ships were exploring the world and came across the drink in china. it was not long before green tea could be bought from the market. however, it was only for the rich people.at the beginning of the 1700s, the amount（数量）of tea arriving in britain increased rapidly . black tea arrived at this time. at first this tea served exactly as it was in china. they soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar, giving the drink a special british colour.in the 1800s, tea was still a product enjoyed only by people with money. at this time they began to have “afternoon tea”. they drank tea with a snack around 4 pm to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner. it is a still going today but has become less popular in recent times.title: _1_ and britain-a short historyimportant factsdrinking tea is an important part of british culture.the average british drinks about 1.9 kg of tea every year.tea is not _2_ in the uk, but mostly in india and china.big eventsbritish ships discovered tea in china while exploring the world and it arrived in london in the 1600s.black tea arrived at the beginning of the 1970s and britons first drank it exactly the same way as the _3_ did.a little milk and sugar were found to be a perfect _4_ for black tea and a special british drink was born.britons began to have afternoon tea in the 1800s and it has _5_ a tradition since then.【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文介绍了茶是如何成为英国文化的重要组成部分的？英国人以喝茶而闻名。但是茶在英国不生长。大多数茶叶生长在印度和中国。茶在16世纪到达伦敦，在17世纪初，到达英国的茶叶数量迅速增加。在19世纪，英国人开始喝“下午茶”。从那时起，它就成了一种传统。1. tea 【解析】细节理解题。根据so, how did it become an important part of british culture? 那么，它是如何成为英国文化的重要组成部分的呢？可以推知本文解释了茶是如何成为英国文化的重要组成部分的。因此题目应该是茶与英国一段短暂的历史。故答案为：tea。2. grown 【解析】细节理解题。根据but tea does not grow in britain. 但是茶在英国不生长。所给的句子tea is not _2_ in the uk, but mostly in india and china.是一般现在时的被动句，故应该填grow的过去分词grown。所以答案为：grown。3. chinese 【解析】细节理解题。根据at first this tea served exactly as it was in china. 起初，这种茶和中国的茶一模一样。句子black tea arrived at the beginning of the 1970s and britons first drank it exactly the same way as the _3_ did.的意思是：红茶在20世纪70年代初问世，英国人第一次喝红茶的方式和中国人完全一样。所以答案为：chinese。4. colour 【解析】细节理解题。根据they soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar, giving the drink a special british colour. 他们很快发现，它与少量的牛奶和糖很好地混合，使这种饮料具有英国特有的颜色。可知，本题应该填：colour；句子a little milk and sugar were found to be a perfect _4_ for black tea and a special british drink was born.的意思是：少量的牛奶和糖被发现是红茶的完美颜色，一种特殊的英国饮料诞生了。所以答案为：colour。5. became 【解析】细节理解题。根据it is a still going today but has become less popular in recent times. 它在今天仍在进行，但近来已不那么流行了。也就是说：从那时起，就成了一种传统。句子britons began to have afternoon tea in the 1800s and it has _5_ a tradition since then. 的意思是：19世纪，英国人开始喝下午茶，从那时起，它就成了一种传统。本句话是现在完成时。其结构是：助动词 has/have+动词的过去分词。所以答案为：became。c（2019 岳阳市）话题：电影难度：建议用时：7分阅读短文，然后根据短文内容，简要回答下列问题。amazing china is a 90-minute documentary about the development of china. many people have watched it. we asked some students how they liked this movie. here are their opinions. the director wei tie made this successful movie. it shows that china has progressed rapidly in the past nearly 70 years.li linthis movie drew a picture of common peoples great work, im proud of our country because all the chinese try to achieve chinese dream.xu wei in this documentary, we saw the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world, hong kong-zhuhai-macao bridge. now, china also has longer high-speed rail network (高铁网) than any other country.liu yang the film helped people to know china better. the stories in the movie touched my heart deeply. from then on, i decided to work harder than before.huang lei1. what kind of movie is amazing china?_2. who is the director of this movie?_3. why is xu wei proud of china?_4. which is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world?_5. did amazing china touch huang leis heart?_【答案与解析】【文章大意】厉害了，我的国是一部90分钟的纪录片，展现了中国的发展历程，很多人都观看了这部影片，他们都被这部电影震撼到了。短文中给我们介绍了几位学生对这部影片的看法。1. a documentary 【解析】根据短文第一句话amazing china is a 90-minute documentary about the development of china.可知，厉害了，我的国是一部纪录片。故应回答a documentary.。2. wei tie 【解析】根据短文第二段的开头the director wei tie made this successful movie.可知，这部电影的导演是魏铁。故应回答wei tie.。3. because all the chinese try to achieve chinese dream. 【解析】根据短文第三段中im proud of our country because all the chinese try to achieve chinese dream.可知，许巍为我们的国家感到骄傲，因为所有的中国人都努力地实现中国梦。由此可知答案为because all the chinese try to achieve chinese dream.4. hongkong-zhuhai-macao bridge. 【解析】根据短文第四段中in this documentary, we saw the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world, hong kong-zhuhai-macao bridge.可知，世界上最长的跨海大桥是港珠澳大桥。由此可知答案为hong kong-zhuhai-macao bridge.5. yes，it did. 【解析】根据短文最后一段中黄磊所说的话the stories in the movie touched my heart deeply.可知，电影中的故事深深地触动了他的心。由此可知答案是肯定的。d（2019 贵阳市）话题：运动难度：建议用时：7分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。how much physical activity do you do in a week? are you getting enough exercise?_1_for example, people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from many diseases. regular exercise reduces the risk of early death by 30%.it also improves your sleep quality.today, most adults are much less active than in the past because our jobs are far less physical than the work our grandparents used to do._2_ this lack of regular physical activity means people burn fewer calories than in the past, so we need to do something to consume (消耗)our energy. experts think adults need to do 2.5 hours of moderate exercise per week._3_exercise can be expensive, but it doesnt have to be. team sports such as football can be cheap because all the players share the cost of the field._4_ it can also be very social.if you dont want to spend any money, try one of the following activities. go for a run. the only equipment you need is a pair of running shoes. if you take the bus, try getting off one stop early and walking the extra distance. go to the park._5_you can play different kinds of games there. this is a great way to involve family members and friends.in short, there are many easy ways of keeping fit. if we all recognize the value of doing this, we will live longer and be healthier.【答案与解析】【文章大意】这篇短文主要是鼓励人们运动并对如何运动提出了建议。1. c 【解析】根据下文for example, people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from many diseases. regular exercise reduces the risk of early death by 30%.it also improves your sleep quality.可知上文是有规律的活动在许多方面对你的健康有益。故选c。 2. f 【解析】根据下文this lack of regular physical activity means people burn fewer calories than in the past, so we need to do something to consume (消耗)our energy.可知上文是每天我们许多人花费7个小时或更多仅仅坐在一个椅子上。故选f。 3. b 【解析】根据上文experts think adults need to do 2.5 hours of moderate exercise per week.可知下文这能快走或在平地上骑自行车。故选b。 4. e 【解析】根据上文team sports such as football can be cheap because all the players share the cost of the field可知下文是加入一个足球俱乐部是锻炼的一个便宜的方式。故选e。 5. a 【解析】根据下文you can play different kinds of games there. this is a great way to involve family members and friends.可知上文是尝试和家人或朋友一起去。故选a。e（2019 黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市）话题：就业，暑期工作难度：建议用时：6分i am a plastic bottle. a week ago, i was on a supermarket shelf. i had a normal life, the same as all my brothers and sisters-other bottles full (a) water. i felt really happy.then a tall woman picked me up and put me in her basket! the woman took me home and put me in the fridge. i felt cold, but i soon made friends with the cans and bottles in it. however, only a few hours later, she took me out of the fridge and drank the water inside me. then she threw me into a dustbin. (c) i felt very lonely.early the next morning, a man took me out of a dustbin. he threw me and the other rubbish into the back of a truck. there were so many terrible smells. then i was pushed together with the rest of the rubbish. soon i was completely flat (压扁). i couldnt believe how thin i became.i slept for a while. when i woke up, i found (b in a terrible place. everything around me was ugly and had terrible smells. i felt afraid. i kept expecting that i would be moved somewhere else. then huge trucks came and covered (d) us with a layer (层) of soil.i asked another bottle what would happen to us. he said that we would never leave this terrible crowded place, but would have to stay here for thousands of years.“why cant they reuse us?” i cried.阅读短文，根据题目要求完成下列任务。1. 根据句意提示，在文中