2020届高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读 第3讲 词义猜测题课件

专题突破 第二部分 第一板块阅读 专题一阅读理解 第3讲词义猜测题 栏 目 导 航 2019全国卷 b forcanaanelementary ssecondgradeinpatchogue n y todayisspeechday andrightnowit schrispalaez sturn the8 year oldisthejokeroftheclass withshiningdarkeyes heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking buthe snervous i mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould should christripsonthe ld apronunciationdifficultyformanynon nativeenglishspeakers histeacher thomaswhaley isnexttohim whisperingsupport votefor me exceptforsomestumbles chrisisdoingamazinglywell whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim asonofimmigrants chrisstartedlearningenglishalittleoverthreeyearsago whaleyrecalls 回想起 howatthebeginningoftheyear whencalledupontoread chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom learningenglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes ittakesalotforanystudent whaleyexplains especiallyforastudentwhoislearningenglishastheirnewlanguage tofeelconfidentenoughtosay idon tknow butiwanttoknow whaleygottheideaofthissecond gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident theanswerbrokehisheart whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast 夸耀 aboutthemselves boastingaboutyourself andyourbestqualities whaleysays isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident 1 whatmadechrisnervous a tellingastory b makingaspeech c takingatest d answeringaquestion 2 whatdoestheunderlinedword stumbles inparagraph2referto a improperpauses b badmanners c spellingmistakes d sillyjokes 3 wecaninferthatthepurposeofwhaley sprojectisto a helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsb assessstudents publicspeakingskillsc preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsd inspirestudents loveforpolitics 4 whichofthefollowingbestdescribeswhaleyasateacher a humorous b ambitious c caring d demanding 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文 叙述了canaanelementary二年级老师thomaswhaley发起的一项总统竞选演讲活动 帮助孩子们建立自信 看到自己的优点 思路点拨 1 b细节理解题 文章在讲chris做演讲 根据文章大意容易得到正确答案 2 a词义猜测题 猜测词义题需要结合上下文 揣摩词义 此处stumbles说的是chris的演讲 根据第二段中的相关表达 i mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould should christripsonthe ld 很明显他在做不应该的停顿 故答案是a 3 a推理判断题 此题的答案选项是同义转换 文章中在倒数第二段最后一句的相关表达是 hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast 夸耀 aboutthemselves 4 c推理判断题 根据整篇文章内容可以看出老师whaley对学生充满关爱和鼓励 所以答案是c 2018全国卷 c languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter gatherers small tightlyknit 联系 groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10 000yearsago whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople theyspokeperhaps12 000languagesbetweenthem soonafterwards manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber inrecentcenturies trade industrialisation thedevelopmentofthenation stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear anddominantlanguagessuchasenglish spanishandchineseareincreasinglytakingover atpresent theworldhasabout6 800languages thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot wetzoneshavelots oftenspokenbysmallnumbers europehasonlyaround200languages theamericasabout1 000 africa2 400 andasiaandthepacificperhaps3 200 ofwhichpapuanewguineaaloneaccountsforwellover800 themediannumber 中位数 ofspeakersisamere6 000 whichmeansthathalftheworld slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6 800languagesareclosetoextinction 消亡 withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft pick atrandom busuuincameroon eightremainingspeakers chiapanecoinmexico 150 lipanapacheintheunitedstates twoorthree orwadjiguinaustralia one withaquestion mark noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival 1 whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter gatherertimes a theydevelopedveryfast b theywerelargeinnumber c theyhadsimilarpatterns d theywerecloselyconnected 2 whichofthefollowingbestexplains dominant underlinedinparagraph2 a complex b advanced c powerful d modern 3 howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6 000peopleatpresent a about6 800 b about3 400 c about2 400 d about1 200 4 whatisthemainideaofthetext a newlanguageswillbecreated b people slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages c humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages d geographydetermineslanguageevolution 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文 文章论述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因 思路点拨 1 b推理判断题 根据文章第一段中的 whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter gatherers small tightlyknit 联系 groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople theyspokeperhaps12 000languagesbetweenthem 可知 当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候 小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式 当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时 语言种类达到了12000种 由此推知 当时的语言种类很多 故选b 2 c词义猜测题 根据文章第二段中的 dominantlanguagessuchasenglish spanishandchineseareincreasinglytakingover 可知 英语 西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言 由此推知 dominantlanguages意为 强有力的语言 故选c 3 b细节理解题 根据文章第三段中的 atpresent theworldhasabout6 800languages 和 themediannumber 中位数 ofspeakersisamere6 000 whichmeansthathalftheworld slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat 可知 目前世界上大约有6800种语言 但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半 即3400 故选b 4 c主旨大意题 根据文章第一段中的主题句 languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing 可知 语言的产生和消失进行了几千年 但近代以来语言产生的少 消失的太多 故选c 2017全国卷 d whenaleafyplantisunderattack itdoesn tsitquietly backin1983 twoscientists jackschultzandianbaldwin reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds vocsforshort scientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutvocswhenbeingattacked it saplant swayofcryingout butisanyonelistening apparently becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway butothersdodoubleduty theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers oncetheyarrive thetablesareturned theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch instudyafterstudy itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant buttheneighbors relativelyspeaking staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother scientistsdon tknow maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches andso ineffect wastalkingtoitself perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto overhear thecry soinformationwasexchanged butitwasn tatrue intentionalbackandforth charlesdarwin over150yearsago imaginedaworldfarbusier noisierandmoreintimate 亲密的 thantheworldwecanseeandhear oursensesareweak there sawholelotgoingon 1 whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack a itmakesnoises b itgetshelpfromotherplants c itstandsquietly d itsendsoutcertainchemicals 2 whatdoestheauthormeanby thetablesareturned inparagraph3 a theattackersgetattacked b theinsectsgatherunderthetable c theplantsgetreadytofightback d theperfumesattractnaturalenemies 3 scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan a predictnaturaldisastersb protectthemselvesagainstinsectsc talktooneanotherintentionallyd helptheirneighborswhennecessary 4 whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph a theworldischangingfasterthanever b peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore c theworldismorecomplexthanitseems d peopleindarwin stimeweremoreimaginative 语篇解读 本文是一篇科普说明文 研究发现 当植物受到攻击时 会发出vocs 即挥发性有机化合物 以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流 思路点拨 1 d细节理解题 根据第一段中的 reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm 可知 当植物受到伤害时 会分泌一种特殊的化学物质 故选d项 2 a词义猜测题 解答本题 需要根据本段大意和划线后面的内容 theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch 进行推理分析 由table及 whowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch 可知 攻击者被抓住了 并成了别人的午餐对象 因此应该选a 3 b细节理解题 根据第二段中的 scientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutvocswhenbeingattacked 及第三段中的 someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway 可知答案选b 4 c推理判断题 根据最后一段中 imaginedaworldfarbusier noisierandmoreintimate 亲密的 thantheworldwecanseeandhear oursensesareweak there sawholelotgoingon 可知 这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹 更亲密 我们认知能力有限 有很多事仍在继续发生 远比我们想象的要复杂 故选c项 2019全国卷 b forwesterndesigners chinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforwesterncreative it snosecretthatchinahasalwaysbeenasource 来源 ofinspirationfordesigners saysamandahill chiefcreativeofficerata enetworks aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion 时尚 shows earlierthisyear thechinathroughalookingglassexhibitioninnewyorkexhibited140piecesofchina inspiredfashionableclothingalongsidechineseworksofart withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofchineseaesthetics 美学 onwesternfashionandhowchinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies theexhibitionhadrecordattendance showingthatthereishugeinterestinchineseinfluences chinaisimpossibletooverlook sayshill chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld whichmeanschinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion theyarecentraltoitsmovement ofcourse notonlyaretoday stopwesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbychina someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselveschinese verawang alexanderwang jasonwuaretakingongalliano albaz marcjacobs andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales addshill forhill itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutchinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion themostfamousdesignersarechinese soarethemodels andsoaretheconsumers shesays chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday youaretalkingaboutchina itsinfluences itsdirection itsbreathtakingclothes andhowyoungdesignersand