定语从句完整.ppt课件

定语从句 需要掌握知识 1 定义2 关系词的分类及用法3 that和which用法比较4 特殊定语从句 AttributiveClause 定语从句 一 概念在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs 定语从句 先行词 引导词 引导词 关系代词 who whom that which whose 关系副词 where when why 二 引导词通常有三个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 指代先行词 3 在定语从句中充当句子成分 Thebookthatyoureferredtoismine 1 Thegirl issittinginthechairisagoodsinger 2 Theskirt Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold 3 Isthisthenovel youintroducedtome 4 Whereistheboy brokethewindow 5 Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake who that which that that which who that that whom 注意 1关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要充当句子成分 2当关系代词充当动词和介词的宾语时可省略 但如果介词提前的话 不可以用that 而且不可以省略 3定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致注意 oneof 名词的复数theonly thejust thevery oneof 名词复数 4定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种 5非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略 关系代词的功能 Who指人做主语Whom指人作宾语That指人也指物 做主语也做宾语Which指物 做主语也做宾语Whose指人也指物 做定语 强调所属关系When指时间 做时间状语Where指地点 做地点状语Why指原因 做原因状语 例1 Theman gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher that who 指人 that who 主语 那个站在树底下的女生是我同桌 那个曾经伤了我的自尊的男生在那边 Thegirlwho thatisstandingunderthetreeismydeskmate Theboywho thathurtmyprideonceisoverthere 例2 Theboy thenurseislookingafterismyfriend whom that 指人 whom that 宾语 可省略 你所提到的那个老师已经退休 你所关心的那个男生犟得像头驴 Theteacher that whom youreferredtohasretired Theboy that whom youcaredaboutisasstubbornasadonkey 例3 Thecar isredwasdamagedyesterday that which 指物 that which 主语 属于我的那本书很贵重 正在被建造的的学校是我们的新学校 Thebookwhich thatbelongstomeisvaluable Theschoolwhich thatisbeingrepairedisournewschool 例4 Thequestion Idon tunderstandisaboutgrammar that which 指物 that which 宾语 可省略 我所喜欢的科目是地理 我不擅长的语法是定语从句 Thesubject that which Iamfondofisgeography Thegrammar that which Iamnotgoodatistheattributiveclause 正在打篮球的男生们来自一年级 TheboysarefromGradeOne who thatareplayingbasketball 2 照顾我姐姐的护士很善良 Thenurseiskind who thatlooksaftermysister Wewatchedtheplay Teahouse which thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe 3 我们观看那部戏是由老舍写的茶馆 4 你昨天所见的那个年轻人是个著名的作家 Theyoungman whom that yousawyesterdayisafamouswriter 5 一听到那个消息 那个名字叫Tom的男生刚才潸然泪下 6 封皮是蓝色的那本书不见了 7 这就是我出生的村庄 8 我永远不会忘记我哥哥参军的那一天 9 你相信他迟到的理由吗 5 Atthesoundofthenews theboywhosenameisTomburstintotearsjustnow 6 Thebookwhosecoverisblueismissing 7 ThisisthevillagewhereIwasborn 8 Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenmybrotherjoinedthearmy 9 Doyoubelievethereasonwhyhewaslate 1 Whose在引导定语从句时 用作定语 指人时 the n ofwhom ofwhom the n指物时 the n ofwhich ofwhich the n DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu Doyouknowthemanthenameofwhom ofwhomthenameisWangYu Marylivesinthehousewhoseroofisred Marylivesinthehousetheroofofwhich ofwhichtheroofisred 1 Thestudent fatherworksinthefactoryissittingthere 2 Iliketherooms windowsfacesouth 3 Thisisthedesk legswerebroken 请问同学们 你能用别的方式改写吗 whose whose whose 1 Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman husbanddiedinthataccident A whichB whoseC ofwhichD that B 2 Lastweek wewatchedBeijingOpera stylewasunfamiliartomostofus A whatB whichC whereD whose D 3 Manychildren parentsareawayworkinginbigcities aretakengoodcareofinthevillage A theirB whoseC ofthemD withwhom B 2 只用Which引导的定语从句 常规情况下 which在从句做主语或宾语 但介词提前时 只用which Thebuildingwhich thatstandsneartheriverisourschool 主语 Thisisthebook which that youwant 宾语 Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop 宾语 注意 whom which作介词宾语时 介词一般可放在关系代词之前 也可放在原来的位置上 但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中 介词只能放在原来的位置上 Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor which还可以引导非限制性定语从句 指代前面整个句子或者某个词 1 Ihavelostmypen whichIlikeverymuch 2 Shewasawardedagoldmedal whichthewholefamilyconsideredagreathonor 3 Sheisalwayslateforclass whichmakestheteacherangry 3 由that引导的定语从句 常规情况下 that在从句中可以指人或物 在从句中做主语或宾语 但 1 that不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语 Thisistheschoolinthatyouwillstudy Thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy Thisistheschool which that youwillstudyin 2 that也不可以引导非限制性定语从句 1 WewenttoMountainTailastweekend notsurprisingly wascrowdedwithvisitors A thatB whichC whereD When2 Therearealtogetherfifty sixstudentsinourclass isanewcomerfromafarawaymountainvillage A themosthard workingofwhoB ofwhomthemosthard workingC themosthard workingofthemD butthemosthard workingofwhom B B 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句 先行词是不定代词all few little much something nothing anything等 Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday Somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth 当先行词是all everybody nobody anybody等不定代词时 如关系代词在从句中当主语 则优先选用who连接主从句 Anybodywhorefusedtobowwasthrownintoprisonwithouttrial Everybodywhowerewillingtoseethefilmsignedtheirnameshere 先行词被序数词 thelast或形容词的最高级所修饰 ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen 先行词被all any every each few little no some等修饰 Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme 先行词被theonly thevery修饰 ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto 先行词既有人又有物时 Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered 当句中已有who或which时 为避免重复 WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn Whichisthebook that youwant 如有两个定语从句 其中一个已经用了which who 则另一个用that Edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen Imetthepoetwhowrotethepoemthatispopular 8 当先行词在主句中作表语 引导词在定语从句中做表语时 Chinaisnolongerthecountry itusedtobe Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe that 衡水中学 Theywentonwellatfirstbuteventuallyeverything theyhadworriedabouthappened A whichB whatC thatD When 南昌调研 Youcanonlybesureofall youhaveatpresent youcannotbesureofsomething youmightgetinthefuture A that whatB that C which thatD what that C B 宁波联考 Doyouagreewithherideasatthemeeting Absolutely whatshe sjustsaidistheveryidea Iwanttoexpress A thatB whatC whichD Why Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons theyrememberedintheschool A whichB thatC whomD what A B 5 When where why引导的定语从句 当先行词为指时间 地点 原因的名词时 在从句中做状语时 要用关系副词when where why 但一定要认真分析句子的成分 Lifeislikealongrace wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves A whyB whatC thatD where D 1 Ihavereachedapointinmylife Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown A whichB whereC howD Why2 It shelpfultoputchildreninasituation theycanseethemselvesdifferently A thatB whenC whichD where B D 锦州二模 SoyouknowDella Yes itwaslastweek IsurfedtheInternet A thatB whenC sinceD beforeAbookofficeisaplacewhereticketsaresold 此句可以改为 Abookofficeisaplaceinwhichticketsaresold 因此定语从句中关系副词where 介词 which B Thisisthehousewherehelives Thisisthehouse helives Thisisthehouse helivesin inwhich which that Istillremembertheyearwhenwestudiedtogether Istillremembertheyearinwhichwestudiedtogether Istillremembertheyear which that westudiedintogether DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly Doyouknowthereason Ileftearly 但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语 而是作宾语时仍用that which Thereason hegaveuswasunacceptable Isthisthereasonthat whichhetoldyou Isthisthereasonwhyhewaslateforclass forwhich forwhich that which 关系代词和关系副词的选用 在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定 有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同 1 Thisisthefactorywhich thatproducesTVsets Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked inwhich 2 I llneverforgetthedaythat whichwespenttogetherinthecountryside I llneverforgetthedaywhenhishousewasbrokeninto onwhich 问题 1 是不是先行词为时间名词 地点名词 原因名词 就一定选择关系副词 when where why 2 请问关系副词和关系代词的转换是什么样地 Thisisthevillage Iwasbornin Thisisthevillage Iwasborn Thisisthevillagein Iwasborn Idon tbelievethereason hewaslate Idon tbelievethereason hementionedjustnow Iwillneverforgettheday IjoinedtheLeague Iwillneverforgettheday wespenttogether Iwillforgettheday youcametothisschool Which that where which why That which when That which when 当先行词为way时 定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况 Idon tlikethewayyoutalkedtoyourmother choosetheonethatisnotproperforthisblank A thatB whichC inwhichD Ourchemistryteacherannouncedthathewoulddotheexperimentinadifferentway wemightfindinteresting A whichB inwhichC inthatD what B A 在It stime句型中 后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句 通常有下面几种句型 Itis high about timethat主语 谓语 should v 过去式Itisthefirsttimethat主语 谓语 现在完成时 Itwasthefirsttimethat 主语 谓语 过去完成时 ItishightimethatI todothephysicshomework A goB wentC shallgoD havegoneItisthefirsttime hehasbeenhere A thatB whenC atwhichD which B A 定语从句的主谓一致问题 1 定语从句中 关系代词在从句中作主语时 其后的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致 HereisaletterfromMrBrown who tocometoParis want I who yourfriend willtrymybesttohelpyouwhenyouareintrouble be Thosewho lateforthemeetingshallbepunished be wants am are 2 oneof 复数名词 who which that 复数谓语the only oneof 复数名词 who which that 单数谓语Sheisoneofthestudentswho praisedatthemeetingyesterday A wasB wereC isD areHeistheonlyoneofthestudentswho awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears A isB areC havebeenD hasbeen B D as引导的定语从句 as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句 并在从句中做主语 表语和状语 构成thesame as such as等结构 Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid Ilikethesamebookasyoudo 请问 thesame as与thesame that的区别 Such as与such that的区别 Such as 像 那样的 as引导定语从句 从句不完整 as要在从句中充当主语或宾语 Such that 如此 以至于 that引导结果状语从句 从句完整 that不充当任何成分 Thisissuchadifficultproblem allofuscan tworkitout Thisissuchadifficultproblem allofuscan tworkout Thisissuchabigwatermelon Iboughtitatonce Thisissuchabigwatermelon Iboughtyesterday that as that as Ihaveboughtthesamewatch youhave A thatB whichC asD WhoseHisstocksaresoldatsuchalowprice hedidn texpect A asB thatC whenD which C A as引导非限制性定语 可以放在主句之前 常用于这种类似插入语的句式有Asissaidabove Asisalreadymentionedabove Asisknowntoall Asitis Asisoftenthecase Asisreportedinthenewspaper 云南昆明质检 isgenerallythecase thosewhocarefortheweakestmembersofsocietyarerespected A WhichB ThatC WhatD As 常德测试卷 isreportedinthenewspaper peopleinSichuanProvincearerecoveringfromtheterribledisasterandlivinganormallife A ItB AsC ThatD What D B 注意 在引导非限制定语从句时which和as的区别是 which不能放在句首 而as则可以 在句中时 as有 正如 就像 之意 而which表示 这一点 有因果关系或者从句是否定句 2007 西城 Theprojectturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB thatC whichD This他再次迟到 这一点让他的班主任很生气 Hewaslateagain whichmadehisteacherveryangry C 介词 关系代词小试一下 Thisisthegirl Ilearnedthenews Wearelookingfortheperson thebookbelongs Heistheman housethepictureswerestolen Hestoodnearthewindow hecouldseethewholegarden 同学们 你们发现什么方法 Fromwhich Towhom Fromwhose Fromwhere 1 Thisisthehouse mygrandfatheroncelived 2 Thefilm I mspeakingistobeshownnextweek 3 Thisistheman Ilearnthenews 苏 锡 常 镇四市联考 Hedidn tputthethings theybelonged for reasonhegothispunishment A which thatB what thatC that whoseD where which Inwhich Ofwhich Fromwhich D 三 介词 关系代词 which whom whose 引导的定语从句1 关系代词的选用 关系代词指人时 只可用whom 关系代词指物时 只可用which Therich for moneywasnotaproblem wantedtostayatanexpensivehotel A theirB themC whoseD whom D 1 根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词 Wateristhenaturalmedium fishlive 2 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词 Physicsisthesubjectinourschool everystudentisinterested 3 根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词 Iknowawood youcanfindroses 4 根据句意来确定介词 Thisisthebook Igotthestory 如何确定介词 Inwhich Inwhich Inwhich Fromwhich 长郡中学 ItwassurprisingtoseealltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma turnedupararerainbowsoon A ofwhichB whereC fromwhichD abovewhich 贵港监测 Thefilm IamspeakingistobeshownatthePeople sCinema A towhichB withwhichC ofwhichD onwhich D C 陕西重点联考 Theposition however youareapplying isnotquiteawell paidone A thatB whichC forwhichD towhich 浙江五校联考 Hecamebacklate whichtimealltheguestshadalreadyleft A afterB byC atD during C B 根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配 IspentfiveYuan IpaidfiveYuan Thisisthebook Ilearntalot therearefewnewwords Tomoftentalks 根据先行词的搭配习惯theday Ijoinedtheleague Istillrememberthedays Ilivedthere theyears Istayedthere Onwhich Forwhich Fromwhich Inwhich Aboutwhich Onwhich Duringwhich Inwhich 长郡中学 ItwassurprisingtoseealltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma turnedupararerainbowsoon A ofwhichB whereC fromwhichD abovewhich D 陕西重点联考 Theposition however youareapplying isnotquiteawell paidone A thatB whichC forwhichD towhich 浙江五校联考 Hecamebacklate whichtimealltheguestshadalreadyleft A afterB byC atD during C B 介词 which whom中的介词的确定 3 先行词的习惯选取 也根据从句中谓语动词与先行词的习惯搭配Thespeed lighttravelsis300 000meterspersecond Thecolorlessgasiscalledoxygen wecouldn tlive wecanrescuepatients fireburnsmuchbetter Inwhich Withoutwhich Withwhich Atwhich 4 介词 关系代词前还可用some any none all both neither many most each few等 代词 名词或数词等构成复合介词短语 Hissons bothofwhomlovedmusicverymuch spentmostoftheirmoneyonCDs 他的两个儿子都热爱音乐 他们把大部分钱用来买CD唱片 JamesandAlex clothesHarryhadtakenaway hadtoleavethepoolwithnothingon A bothofwhichB bothofwhoseC neitherofwhomD neitherofwhich书架上有很多书 没有一本是你的 他有两个儿子 没有一个是律师 他学到了很多知识 大部分是来自课本 Therearemanybooksontheshelf noneofwhichareyours Hehas2sons neitherofwhomarelawyers Hehaslearnedalotofknowledge mostofwhicharefrombooks B 二 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不密切 去掉定语从句 句子的意思仍然完整 形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开 使用时应注意以下几点 1 非限制性定语从句不能用that引导 2 非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可省略 不管在从句中充当什么成分 山东 WheneverImether wasfairlyoften shegreetedmewithasweetsmile A whoB whichC whenD That 北京西城区 Morewildtigershavebeenseenintheforestaroundthisarea thereusedtobeveryfew A whenB whereC whatD which B B 定语从句与强调句的区分 Itisat5o clock theaccidenthappened Itwas5o clock theaccidenthappened ItwasinBaiheCounty Iwasborn ItwasBaiheCounty Iwasborn 其他句型 Therewasatime womenwerelookeddownupon Thisisatime womenplayanimportantpartintheworld Daysaregone wehadnothingtoeat that when that where when when when When引导定语从句与时间状语从句的区分 When引导定语从句时 从句修饰限定先行词 跟在先行词后面 When引导时间状语从句时 说明动作发生的时间 可以放在主句之前 Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover Whentheclassisover thelightwentout Doyouknowthetimewhenheleft Whenheleft whatdidyoudo 定语从句 时间状语从句 定语从句 时间状语从句 Where引导定语从句和地点状语从句的区分 Where引导定语从句是 修饰限定表地点的先行词 Where引导地点状语从句时 说明动作发生的地点 where之前没有表示地点的名词 而是动词 Alotofbuldingshavebeenbuiltwherethereusedtobeawasteland Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago 地点状语从句 定语从句 That引导定语从句和同为语从句的区分 That引导定语从句时 that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 做宾语时可以省略 That引导同为语从句时 that在从句中不充当任何成分 只起引导作用 that不能省略 Thenewsthatourteamwonmademeexcited Thenews that theytoldmemademeexcited Idon tbelievethenews that hementionedjustnow Idon tbelievethenewsthathefailedagain 同位语从句 定语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 定语从句和其他从句的转化 Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepunished Whoeverbreaksthelawshallbepunished Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw heshallbepunished Anythingthatyousaidhasnothingtodowithme Whateveryousaidhasnothingtodowithme Nomatterwhatyousaidhasnothingtodowithme 定语从句 主语从句 让步状语从句 定语从句 主语从句 让步状语从句 巩固练习 Finallyth