风力发电机组新材料、新结构、新工艺、新加工技术 性能、寿命、重量、质量、塔架、结构件、叶片 综合材料工.doc

A cost and performance comparison of LRTM and VI for the manufacture of large scale wind turbine bladesRenewable EnergyLight resin transfer moulding (LRTM) has been developed as an alternative to vacuum infusion (VI) but a direct comparison between the two processes is needed to quantify any advantages. This paper uses a technical cost model and an empirical study to show the potential financial and performance benefits of LRTM for manufacture of a generic 40m wind turbine blade shell. The use of LRTM when compared to VI demonstrated a possible 3% cost saving, improved dimensional stability (5.5%), and reductions in resin wastage (3%) and infusion time (25%). A decrease in internal void formation (0.9%) resulted in an increase in mechanical performance (4%) for LRTM moulded parts.Crossflex: Concept and early development of a true building integrated wind turbineEnergy and BuildingsThis paper describes the concept development and work to date, of an innovative true building integrated wind turbine. The context for this is the role of small-scale renewable energy in addressing climate change. In the UK a number of small wind turbines have reached the market, however, in almost all cases, these are existing HAWT or VAWT tower mounted systems. Due to their inherent design qualities, and issues such as planning requirements, these have much reduced output due to their form and siting and are unable to take advantage of augmented airflow around buildings. The Crossflex proposal is a radical new development of a Darrieus turbine form. As well as having a technically innovative flexible blade system, it also utilises a lightweight cowling system that can provide both augmented airflow and improved visual integration into new and existing building forms. It is a modular form that can be sited on ridges and corners of buildings to provide useful levels of generation.Research highlightsNovel development of a Darrieus system for use in the built environment. Modelling illustrates potential for output, rotor speed optimisation and control. Use of cowling allows interface with building structure and variety of placementOptimization of Savonius turbines using an obstacle shielding the returning bladeDue to the worldwide energy crisis, research and development activities in the field of renewable energy have been considerably increased in many countries. In Germany, wind energy is becoming particularly important. Although considerable progress has already been achieved, the available technical design is not yet adequate to develop reliable wind energy converters for conditions corresponding to low wind speeds and urban areas. The Savonius turbine appears to be particularly promising for such conditions, but suffers from a poor efficiency. The present study considers a considerably improved design in order to increase the output power of a Savonius turbine with either two or three blades. In addition, the improved design leads to a better self-starting capability. To achieve these objectives, the position of an obstacle shielding the returning blade of the Savonius turbine and possibly leading to a better flow orientation toward the advancing blade is optimized. This automatic optimization is carried out by coupling an in-house optimization library (OPAL) with an industrial flow simulation code (ANSYS-Fluent). The optimization process takes into account the output power coefficient as target function, considers the position and the angle of the shield as optimization parameters, and relies on Evolutionary Algorithms. A considerable improvement of the performance of Savonius turbines can be obtained in this manner, in particular a relative increase of the power output coefficient by more than 27%. It is furthermore demonstrated that the optimized configuration involving a two-blade rotor is better than the three-blade design.Optimization of wind turbine energy and power factor with an evolutionary computation algorithmImproved bonding for wind turbine bladesReinforced PlasticsPower optimization of wind turbines with data mining and evolutionary computationA data-driven approach for maximization of the power produced by wind turbines is presented. The power optimization objective is accomplished by computing optimal control settings of wind turbines using data mining and evolutionary strategy algorithms. Data mining algorithms identify a functional mapping between the power output and controllable and non-controllable variables of a wind turbine. An evolutionary strategy algorithm is applied to determine control settings maximizing the power output of a turbine based on the identified model. Computational studies have demonstrated meaningful opportunities to improve the turbine power output by optimizing blade pitch and yaw angle. It is shown that the pitch angle is an important variable in maximizing energy captured from the wind. Power output can be increased by optimization of the pitch angle. The concepts proposed in this paper are illustrated with industrial wind farm data.Wind turbine power tracking using an improved multimodel quadratic approachISA TransactionsIn this paper, an improved multimodel optimal quadratic control structure for variable speed, pitch regulated wind turbines (operating at high wind speeds) is proposed in order to integrate high levels of wind power to actively provide a primary reserve for frequency control. On the basis of the nonlinear model of the studied plant, and taking into account the wind speed fluctuations, and the electrical power variation, a multimodel linear description is derived for the wind turbine, and is used for the synthesis of an optimal control law involving a state feedback, an integral action and an output reference model. This new control structure allows a rapid transition of the wind turbine generated power between different desired set values. This electrical power tracking is ensured with a high-performance behavior for all other state variables: turbine and generator rotational speeds and mechanical shaft torque; and smooth and adequate evolution of the control variables.Intelligent wind turbine unit with tandem rotors (discussion of prototype performances in field tests)Current Applied PhysicsThe authors had invented the unique wind turbine unit composed of the large-sized front wind rotor, the small-sized rear wind rotor and the peculiar generator with the inner and the outer rotational armatures. The rotational torques of both armatures/wind rotors are counter-balanced, while the rotational speeds and the directions are adjusted automatically in response to the wind conditions. The prototype unit is composed of the tandem wind rotors, whose front and rear diameters are 2m and 1.33m, and the double rotational armatures type synchronous generator. The unit was boarded on a pick-up type vehicle in the field test. The performance of the unit is significantly affected not only by the blade setting angles of both wind rotors, but also by the bulb load. The test results suggest that more improvement is necessary for the blade profiles as tandem wind rotors taking account of the flow interaction between both wind rotors.Interactive flow field around two Savonius turbinesThe use of a Savonius type of vertical axis wind turbine is expanding in urban environments as a result of its ability to withstand turbulence as well as its relatively quiet operation. In the past, single turbine performance has been investigated primarily for determining the optimum blade configuration. In contrast, combining multiple Savonius turbines in the horizontal plane produces extra power in particular configurations. This results from the interaction between the two flow fields around individual turbines. To understand quantitatively the interaction mechanism, we measured the flow field around two Savonius turbines in close configurations using particle image velocimetry. The phase-averaged flow fields with respect to the rotation angle of the turbines revealed two types of power-improvement interactions. One comes from the Magnus effect that bends the main stream behind the turbine to provide additional rotation of the downstream turbine. The other is obtained from the periodic coupling of local flow between the two turbines, which is associated with vortex shedding and cyclic pressure fluctuations. Use of this knowledge will assist the design of packaged installations of multiple Savonius turbines.A new method for improved hub height mean wind speed estimates using short-term hub height dataThe estimation of the wind resource at the hub height of a wind turbine is one of the primary goals of site assessment. Because the measurement heights of meteorological towers (met towers) are typically significantly lower than turbine hub heights, a shear model is generally needed to extrapolate the measured wind resource at the lower measurement height to the hub height of the turbine. This paper presents methods for improving the estimate of the hub height wind resource from met tower data through the use of ground-based remote sensing devices. The methods leverage the two major advantages of these devices: their portability and their ability to measure at the wind turbine hub height. Specifically, the methods rely on augmenting the one year of met tower measurements with short-term measurements from a ground-based remote sensing device. The results indicate that the methods presented are capable of producing substantial improvements in the accuracy and uncertainty of shear extrapolation predictions. The results suggest that the typical site assessment process can be reevaluated, and alternative strategies that utilize ground-based remote sensing devices can be incorporated to significantly improve the process.Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Savonius wind rotor: a new computational approach for the simulation of energy performanceWhen compared with of other wind turbine the Savonius wind rotor offers lower performance in terms of power coefficient, on the other hand it offers a number of advantages as it is extremely simple to built, it is self-starting and it has no need to be oriented in the wind direction. Although it is well suited to be integrated in urban environment as mini or micro wind turbine it is inappropriate when high power is requested. For this reason several studies have been carried-out in recent years in order to improve its aerodynamic performance. The aim of this research is to gain an insight into the complex flow field developing around a Savonius wind rotor and to evaluate its performance. A mathematical model of the interaction between the flow field and the rotor blades was developed and validated by comparing its results with data obtained at Environmental Wind Tunnel (EWT) laboratory of the “Polytechnic University of Marche”.Design of intelligent controllers for wind generation system with sensorless maximum wind energy controlThis paper presents the design of an on-line training recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) controller with a high-performance model reference adaptive system (MRAS) observer for the sensorless control of a induction generator (IG). The modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) is adopted in this study to adapt the learning rates in the back-propagation process of the RFNN to improve the learning capability. By using the proposed RFNN controller with MPSO, the IG system can work for stand-alone power application effectively. The proposed output maximization control is achieved without mechanical sensors such as the wind speed or position sensor, and the new control system will deliver maximum electric power with light weight, high efficiency, and high reliability. The estimation of the rotor speed is based on the MRAS control theory. A sensorless vector-control strategy for an IG operating in a grid-connected variable speed wind energy conversion system can be achieved.Reactive power control of wind farm made up with doubly fed induction generators in distribution systemElectric Power Systems ResearchIn recent years, the number of small size wind farm made up with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) located within the distribution system is rapidly increasing. DFIG can be utilized as the continuous reactive power source to support system voltage control by taking advantage of their reactive power control capability. In this paper, considering both reactive power control and distribution network reconfiguration can be used to reduce power losses and improve voltage profile, a joint optimization algorithm of combining reactive power control of wind farm and network reconfiguration is proposed to obtain the optimal reactive power output of wind farm and network structure simultaneously. The proposed algorithm has been successfully implemented on the 16 bus distribution network and the results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.Using Copulas for analysis of large datasets in renewable distributed generation: PV and wind power integration in IranRenewable distributed generation introduced as an environmental friendly alternative energy supply while it p