环境专业英语 2 PART 1_1PPT课件

1 PART1INTRODUCTIONTOENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEANDENGINEERING 2 EnvironmentalScience Page1 Whereasthedisciplinesofbiology chemistry andphysics andtheirsubdisciplinesofmicrobiology organicchemistry nuclearphysics etc arefocusedonaparticularaspectofnaturalscience environmentalscienceinitsbroadestsenseencompassesallthefieldsofnaturalscience Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering d s pl n n 学科 n 分支学科 t s t r t adv 等等 w r z conj 然而 鉴于 反之 in sense从 意义上说 n k mp s vt 包含 3 EnvironmentalScience Page1 Whereasthedisciplinesofbiology chemistry andphysics andtheirsubdisciplinesofmicrobiology organicchemistry nuclearphysics etc arefocusedonaparticularaspectofnaturalscience environmentalscienceinitsbroadestsenseencompassesallthefieldsofnaturalscience Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering 4 EnvironmentalScience Page1 Thehistoricalfocusofstudyforenvironmentalscientistshasbeen ofcourse thenaturalenvironment Bythis wemeantheatmosphere theland thewaterandtheirinhabitantsasdifferentiatedfromthebuiltenvironment Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering d f ren ie t d adj 可区分的v 使有差别 过去分词 建筑环境 插入语 历史焦点 n h b t nt n 居住者 5 EnvironmentalScience Page1 Thehistoricalfocusofstudyforenvironmentalscientistshasbeen ofcourse thenaturalenvironment Bythis wemeantheatmosphere theland thewaterandtheirinhabitantsasdifferentiatedfromthebuiltenvironment Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering 6 EnvironmentalScience Page1 Modernenvironmentalsciencehasalsofoundapplicationstothebuiltenvironmentor perhapsmorecorrectly totheeffusionsfromthebuiltenvironment Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering fju n n 渗出 泄漏物 pl ke n n 应用 对事物 学习等 投入 7 EnvironmentalScience Page1 Modernenvironmentalsciencehasalsofoundapplicationstothebuiltenvironmentor perhapsmorecorrectly totheeffusionsfromthebuiltenvironment Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering 8 EnvironmentalEngineering Page3 TheEnvironmentalEngineeringDivisionoftheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers ASCE haspublishedthefollowingstatementofpurposethatmaybeusedtoshowtherelationshipbetweenenvironmentalscienceandenvironmentalengineering Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering 美国土木工程协会 有意地 9 EnvironmentalEngineering Page3 TheEnvironmentalEngineeringDivisionoftheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers ASCE haspublishedthefollowingstatementofpurposethatmaybeusedtoshowtherelationshipbetweenenvironmentalscienceandenvironmentalengineering Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering 10 Environmentalengineeringismanifestbysoundengineer ingthoughtandpracticeinthesolutionofproblemsofenvironmentalsanitation notablyintheprovisionofsafe palatable andamplepublicwatersupplies theproperdisposaloforrecycleofwastewaterandsolidwastes theadequatedrainageofurbanandruralareasforpropersanitation Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering pr v n n 供应 准备 工程思想 m n f st vt 证明 表明 显示vi 显示 出现n 载货单 货单 旅客名单adj 显然的 明显的 明白的 s n te n n 医 环境卫生 卫生设备 下水道设施 p l t bl adj 可口的 mpl adj 足够的 丰富的 d kw t adj 充足的 dren d n 排水 排水系统 污水 11 Environmentalengineeringismanifestbysoundengineer ingthoughtandpracticeinthesolutionofproblemsofenvironmentalsanitation notablyintheprovisionofsafe palatable andamplepublicwatersupplies theproperdisposaloforrecycleofwastewaterandsolidwastes theadequatedrainageofurbanandruralareasforpropersanitation Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering Page4 Notes 12 andthecontrolofwater soil andatmosphericpollution andthesocialandenvironmentalimpactofthesesolutions Furthermoreitisconcernedwithengineeringproblemsonthefieldofpublichealth suchascontrolofarthropod bornediseases theeliminationofindustrialhealthhazards andtheprovisionofadequatesanitationinurban rural andrecreationalareas andtheeffectoftechnologicaladvancesontheenvironment Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering r r p d n adj 节肢动物 r kri e n l adj 娱乐的 修养的 关于 涉及 13 andthecontrolofwater soil andatmosphericpollution andthesocialandenvironmentalimpactofthesesolutions Furthermoreitisconcernedwithengineeringproblemsonthefieldofpublichealth suchascontrolofarthropod bornediseases theeliminationofindustrialhealthhazards andtheprovisionofadequatesanitationinurban rural andrecreationalareas andtheeffectoftechnologicaladvancesontheenvironment Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering 14 Neitherenvironmentalsciencenorenvironmentalengineeringshouldbeconfusedwithheating ventilating orairconditioning HVAC norwithlandscapearchitecture Neithershouldtheybeconfusedwiththearchitecturalandstructuralengineeringfunctionsassociatedwithbuiltenvironments suchashomes offices andotherworkplaces Unit1WhatareEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering 与 混淆 vent le t n 通风 空调 空气调节 15 WhatIsThisBookAbout Page7 Theobjectiveofthisbookistointroduceengineeringandsciencestudentstotheinterdisciplinarystudyofenvironmentalproblems theircauses whytheyareofconcern andhowwecancontrolthem Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering nt d s pl n ri adj 各学科间的 跨学科的 16 Thebookincludes DescriptionofwhatismeantbyenvironmentandbyenvironmentalsystemsInformationonthebasiscausesofenvironmentaldisturbancesBasisscientificknowledgenecessarytounderstandthenatureofenvironmentalproblemsandtobeabletoquantifythem Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering 何谓 d st b ns n 干扰 骚乱 17 Currentstateofthetechnologyenvironmentalcontrolinitsapplicationtowater airandpollutionproblemsConsiderablegapsinourcurrentscientificknowledgeofunderstandingandcontrollingmanyofthecomplexinteractionsbetweenhumanactivitiesandnature Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering 18 Manyenvironmentalproblemswhichcouldbeeliminatedorreducedbytheapplicationofcurrenttechnology butwhicharenotdealtwithbecauseofsociety slackofwilltodoso orinmanyinstancesbecauseofalackofresourcestodoso Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering 处理 在许多情况下 19 SomeImportantDefinitions Page7 Environmentisthephysicalandbiotichabitatwhichsurroundsus thatwhichwecansee hear touch smell andtaste Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering ba t k adj 生物的 有关生命的 h b t t n 栖息地 产地 20 SomeImportantDefinitions Page7 System accordingtoWebster sdictionary isdefinedas asetorarrangementofthingssorelatedorconnectedastoformaunitororganicwhole as asolarsystem irrigationsystem supplysystem theworldoruniverse Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering r e n n 灌溉 冲洗法 太阳系 太阳能系统 21 SomeImportantDefinitions Page7 Pollutioncanbedefinedasanundesirablechangeinthephysical chemical orbiologicalcharacteristicsoftheair water orlandthatcanharmfullyaffectthehealth survival oractivitiesofhumansorotherlivingorganisms Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering nd za r bl adj 不良的 不合需要的 22 InteractionofSystems Page8 Anumberofdifferentenvironmentalproblemsareassociatedwithwater air orlandsystems Manyoftheseproblemswillapplyonlywithinoneofthesesystems justifyingthebreakdownintothesecategories Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering v 证明 有理 justify的现在分词 为 辩护 对 作出解释 为 辩解 23 Suchaclassificationisalsousefulforeasiercomprehen sionofrelatedproblemswithinonesystem Moreover itissensiblebecause formanagerialandadministrativereasons suchsubfieldsasairpollution watersupply wastewaterdisposal andsolidwastedisposalareoftendealtwithseparatelybygovernmentalagencies Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering s ns bl adj 明智的 通情达理的 合乎情理的 能感觉到的 m n d r l adj 管理的 24 Unfortunately manyimportantenvironmentalproblemsarenotconfinedtoanair water orlandsystem butinvolveinteractionsbetweensystems Acurrentexampleistheacidrainproblemstemmingfromtheemissionofsulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidegasesintotheatmospherefromthestacksofgeneratingstations smelters andautomobileexhausts Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering 起源于 s lf da ksa d 二氧化硫 sm lt n 熔炉 冶金厂 t m bil n 汽车 lotsof 25 Thesegasesarethentransportedbyaircurrentsoverwideregions Rainfall washesthemout creatingacidrainwhichisharmfultoaquaticlife forests andagriculturalcrops Twoexamplesofinteractionbetweensystemsthatcausemajorenvironmentaldisturbancesarepresented thebuildupofatmosphericcarbondioxide aglobalproblem andtheacidrainproblem normallyofregionalnature Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering n 降雨 kw t k adj 水生的 增强 26 EnvironmentalDisturbances Page8 Manymajorimprovementstoourstandardoflivingcanbeattributedtotheapplicationofscienceandtechnology Afewexamplesarenotedhere Canyouthinkofothers Theproductionofmoreandbetterqualityfood Thecreationofhousingasprotectionfromextremesclimatesandaslivingspace Thebuildingoffastandreliablemeansoftransportation Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering n 房屋 住房供给 机 外壳 27 Theinventionofvarioussystemsofcommunication Theinventionofmachinestoreplacehumanoranimalpower Thesupplyofsafewaterandthedisposalofwastes Theeliminationofmanyinfectiousdiseases Theeliminationofmostwater bornediseasesinthedevelopedworldthroughimprovedwatertechnology Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering n f k s adj 传染的 水传播性 28 Theavailabilityofleisuretimethroughgreaterproductivity providingtheopportunityforculturalandrecreationalactivities Theprotectionfromtheworsteffectsofnaturaldisasterssuchasfloods droughts earthquakes andvolcaniceruptions Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering li adj 空闲的 业余的 adj 文化的 教养的 r kri e n l adj 娱乐的 修养的 29 Withtheseimprovements however havecomedisturbingsideeffects suchaslostarableland disappearingforests environmentalpollution andneworganismsresistanttocontrols Manyeffectsoriginallyconsideredtobejustnuisancesarenowrecognizedaspotentialthreatstonatureandtohumans Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering d st b adj 令人不安的 副作用 r bl adj 适于耕种的 nju s ns n 讨厌的人 损害 麻烦事 Page8 thelastparagraph 30 Inanagrariansociety peoplelivedessentiallyinharmonywithnature raisingfood gatheringfirewood andmakingclothingandtoolsfromtheland Thewastesfromanimalsandhumanswerereturnedtothesoilasfertilizer Few ifany problemsofwater land orairpollutionoccurred Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering r r n adj 土地的 耕地的 f t la z n 肥料 Page8 thelastparagraph 31 Thecitiesofancienttimes particularlythoseoftheRomanEmpire hadsystemstosupplywaterandtodisposeofwastes TheaqueductssupplyingtheancientcityofRome populationabout1million withsafewaterfromtheCloacaMaxima thebestknownandoneoftheearliestsewerstobebuilt areexamplesofsuchsystems Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering kw d kt n 导水管 沟渠 su n 下水道 阴沟 Page9 thefirstparagraph 32 ThemunicipaltechnologyofancientcitiesseemstohavebeenforgottenformanycenturiesbythosewhobuiltcitiesthroughoutEurope Watersupplyandwastedisposalwereneglected resultinginmanyoutbreaksofdysentery cholera typhoid andotherwaterbornediseases Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering mju n s pl adj 市政的 d s nt ri n 痢疾 k l r n 霍乱 ta f d n 伤寒 Page9 thefirstparagraph 33 Untilthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury itwasnotrealizedthatimproperwastesdisposalpollutedwatersupplieswithdisease carryingorganisms Theindustrialrevolutioninnineteenth centuryBritain Europe andNorthAmericaaggravatedtheenvironmentalproblemssinceitbroughtincreasedurbanizationwiththeindustrialization Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering adj 不正确的 不适当的 b n ze n n 都市化 Page9 34 Bothphenomena urbanizationandindustrialization wereandarefundamentalcausesofwaterandairpollutionwhichthecitiesofthattimewereunabletohandle Unit2EnvironmentalEngineering Page9 thefirstparagraph 35 Rapidadvancesintechnologyforthetreatmentofwaterandthepartial